契约

Brand: A body mark made by Pyros signifying a Promethean's membership in an alchemical pact.

烙印：活尸身上以圣火标记的烙印，代表其为某契约的成员。

But the general language of Roman law takes a different turn; it always regards the contract, if we may so speak, from the point of view of the promisee.

但罗马人的一般用语则转向不同的一面；它总是从允约人的地位来看契约的，如果我们可以这样说的话。

It was the promisee who, in the character of stipulator, put all the terms of the contract into the form of a question, and the answer was given by the promisor.

允约人以约定人的资格把契约中所有的条款用一个问题的形式提出，要约人给予回答。

See § 31. hence it has sometimes been said that consideration must consist of a "benefit to the promisor" or a "detriment to the promisee"; it has frequently been claimed that there was no consideration because the economic value given in exchange was much less than that of the promise or the promised performance;"mutuality of obligation" has been said to be essential to a contract.

参见第31条。因此，约因有时会被认为必须由"允诺人的利益"或者"受允诺人的损害"构成；经常会有这样的主张：因为所交换的经济价值要远远少于允诺或者被允诺的履行中的经济价值，所以约因并不存在："义务的均等"被认为对一个契约而言具有必要性。

Hence it has sometimes been said that consideration must consist of a "benefit to the promisor" or a "detriment to the promisee"; it has frequently been claimed that there was no consideration because the economic value given in exchange was much less than that of the promise or the promised performance;"mutuality of obligation" has been said to be essential to a contract.

参见第31条。因此，约因有时会被认为必须由"允诺人的利益"或者"受允诺人的损害"构成；经常会有这样的主张：因为所交换的经济价值要远远少于允诺或者被允诺的履行中的经济价值，所以约因并不存在："义务的均等"被认为对一个契约而言具有必要性。

There are many rules about consideration, among which the following may be most frequently mentioned: Past consideration is no consideration; Consideration is provided by the promisee, though not necessarily to the promisor; The adequacy and sufficiency of consideration.

这些规则又包含着许多例外规则。原因是大陆法系契约法中的术语。在法国，原因包含着两层意思：一是当事人订立合同的理由，即近因；二是当事人订立合同所希望达到的最终目的，即远因。

Doctrine of promissory estoppel is the unique content of common law contracts . It imposes the legal liability on the basis of the promisee 's reliance damage .来源: www.airiti.com

"允诺禁反言"是英美契约法的独特内容，它以受诺人的"信赖损失"为基础而追究允诺人的法律责任。

This must be in right--entitling them to obtain stock and shape independent legal man property right entity.

企业集团控股、持股或契约联结的结构安排是充分发挥市场和企业组织效率的协调制度的具体体现。

A ideal contract-government is the embodiment of publicness, while in the real world, government has duality. On one side, it has publicness, on the other side, selfishness, too.

理想的契约政府是公共性的化身，在现实层面上，政府却是一个两面体，既有公共性的一面，也有自利性的一面。

The governmental credit is not only an economic phenomenon , but also a social political phenomenon . On the political significance , it's a mutual puissance relationship between government and public . epub.cnki.net

政府信用不仅是一种经济现象，还是一种社会政治现象，是政治学意义上的政府同民众的权力互动关系，其核心即政府履行契约行使公共权力的行为在公众心中所产生的一种主观感受。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。