失效的

Systematically analysing the method on the failure approach of patten recognition of the flood control hydro-project system, combining the social economical efficiency of the flood control system"s invalidation losses, the paper provides the concept "flood disaster risk " and constitutes the failure analysis approach of patten recognition system on the base of the flood progress. Combining with the subsystem functions and the failure probabilistic analysis of the hydro structure, the paper discusses the main failure approach of patten recognition and calculus of failure probability, calculates flood control hydro-project"s total risk.

3系统分析了防洪工程系统失效模式识别的方法，结合防洪抗灾系统失效损失的社会经济性，引入洪灾风险概念，建立了基于洪水过程的系统失效模式识别体系，结合各水工结构子系统功能和失效概率分析，讨论了主要失效模式识别和失效概率计算，对防洪工程系统总风险进行了计算。

Established reliability solution calculation model of composite foundation improved by Dry Jet Mixing, looked for main failure mode of system, and analyzied correlation among every failure mode, calculated correlation coefficient among every failure mode, applied narrow bound method to calculate general failure probability of composite foundation improved by Dry Jet Mixing.

2建立粉喷桩复合地基系统可靠度求解的计算模型，找出系统的主要失效模式，并分析各个失效模式之间的相关性，求解各个失效模式之间的相关系数，并运用窄界限范围法求解粉喷桩复合地基系统的总失效概率。

Loyal to the highest constituted power in the land, actuated by an innate love of rectitude his aims would be the strict maintenance of public order, the repression of many abuses though not of all simultaneously (every measure of reform or retrenchment being a preliminary solution to be contained by fluxion in the final solution), the upholding of the letter of the law (common, statute and law merchant) against all traversers in covin and trespassers acting in contravention of bylaws and regulations, all resuscitators (by trespass and petty larceny of kindlings) of venville rights, obsolete by desuetude, all orotund instigators of international persecution, all perpetuators of international animosities, all menial molestors of domestic conviviality, all recalcitrant violators of domestic connubiality.

在对本国的最高宪法所规定的国家最高权力的一片忠诚和与生俱来的正义感的驱使之下，他所追求的目标就是严格地维护社会秩序，扫除各种弊端，然而并非齐头并进（每一项改革或紧缩措施都是初步的解决，经过融化吸收，导致最后的解决）。对一切串通起来进行抗辩者，一切条例和规章的违反者，一切试图恢复已废止并失效的文维尔权者，国际间一切迫害的高声煽动者，国际间一切仇恨的鼓吹者，一切对家庭欢聚的卑鄙的破坏者，一切对夫妻关系死不悔改的亵渎者，要严格执行一切法律条文。

It is concluded that disablement of die is mainly by temperature stress and disablement form is mainly plastic and thermal fatigue disablement from data of stress.

根据应力场的数据，得出结论：锻模的失效主要是温度应力引起的，其失效形式主要是塑变失效和热疲劳失效。

They found that more than 80% of the failures can be attributed to fatigue or fatigue related failures and most of them occur at the screwed joint of the drill collar.

石油管材研究所对近几年失效事故进行分析，有80％以上失效属于疲劳或与疲劳相关的失效，其中绝大部分发生在钻铤的螺纹联接处用。

If r and oxide layer are thin, they will improve the adhesion between the substrate and the bond coat. They will reduce hightemperature-oxidation-resistance if they become thick. The solid-liquid reaction of forming melting layer can enhance the bonding between the substrate and the bond coat.

由于界面反应形成的致密的Y'或氧化物膜对提高涂层的寿命是有利的，但厚的Y'或氧化物层是涂层失效的原因之一；形成熔化层的固液反应可提高基体与底层的结合强度。

Generally thermal aged and chemical poisoning can lead to the deactivation.

然后对催化器的失效机理进行了分析，重点研究了催化器的热失效和化学中毒失效。

The results show that α-Al2O3 in the two kind s of coatings decreases while the γ-Al2O3 increases after spraying. Rutile-TiO2 transforms to brookite-TiO2 and the inners tress of coating was increased so as to aggravate the expansion of cracking. The pores are small but dense in the conventional coating while bigger but loose in the nano-structured coating. The pores in the nano-structured coating exist almost inside the partially melted region. The pores generated during spraying and the cracks generated during the course of thermal oxidization because of thermal stress are the direct reasons why coatings fail.

结果表明：2种粉末在喷涂之后，涂层中的α-A12O3均有所减少，生成了γ-Al2O3，金红石TiO2相转变成了板钛矿型TiO2相，增加了涂层的内应力，加剧了裂纹的扩展；常规微米涂层中的孔洞细小但密集，纳米涂层中的孔洞较大但不密集，且大部分的气孔都存在于部分熔化区的内部；涂层在喷涂过程中所生成的气孔以及热氧化过程中由于热应力而产生的裂纹是造成涂层失效的直接原因。

In order to research the ship ultimate strength, the ultimate strength of stiffened panel must be considered. And the web buckling and the stiffener tripping are the two main failure forms of stiffened panel. Based on the two main failure forms in this paper, according to the six failure modes of stiffened panel, the ultimate strength is solved by programming, and the failure mode is presented.

船体梁可近似看作是由加筋板组成的薄壁箱型结构，要研究船舶的极限强度，必须考虑加筋板的临界应力，而腹板屈曲和扶强材侧倾是加筋板的两种主要失效模式，本文在分析这两种失效模式的基础上，根据加筋板的六种失效模式，编程求解加筋板的临界应力，并给出其失效模式。

The service brake: system's function is causes in the travel the vehicles deceleration, until the parking, is one of driving on the way most frequent use brake functions; The installment which was causes in the vehicle braking system to stop trips the automobile presence which freezes; The second braking system is in the service brake: system expires in the situation guaranteed that the automobile still could realize the deceleration and the parking installment, has listed as one of basic installments in many national this system; The auxiliary braking system uses in slowing down or the stable vehicle speed extra arresting gear.

行车制动系统的功能是使行驶中的车辆减速，直至停车，是行车途中最频繁使用的制动功能之一；驻车制动系统是使已停驶的汽车驻留原地不动的装置；第二制动系统是在行车制动系统失效的情况下保证汽车仍能实现减速和停车的装置，在许多国家该系统已列为基本装置之一；辅助制动系统用于减缓或稳定车速的额外制动装置。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐