失效

To the question of fatigue invalidating of strain gages in dynamic test(normally the zero drift value being bigger than the permissible value),the equations for calculating the fatigue life of the strain gages are derived on the basis of the fracture mechanics theory.

针对应变片在长时间的动态测试中疲劳失效(一般是测量误差超过允许值)问题，本文从疲劳断裂力学的基本理论出发，导出了应变片疲劳寿命的计算公式；实验表明，实验曲线与理论曲线吻合，这证明我们推导的公式的正确性，为应变片的疲劳寿命的预测、许可载荷的确定、失效判据的确立提供了理论基础。

The generalized reliability of single failure mode component and unit structure under different kinds of uncertainty factors is treated perspicuously and classified. Combined with the three class fortify standard of aseismic design code,the conception of reliability vector of structures and systems with intermediate state before failure is put forward, and the calculation model of reliability vector with three stage working modes of "safety-intermediate-failure" and the operation rules of reliability vector of the simple aseismic engineering systems composed by structures are established.

针对各种不确定性因素下的单失效模式构件和单体结构，进行了广义可靠性的明晰化分类处理，结合抗震设计规范的三级设防标准，提出了具有中介状态结构与系统可靠性向量概念，建立了具有"安全-中介-失效"三级工作模式的可靠性向量计算模型，及其由结构组成的简单抗震工程系统的可靠性向量运算规则。

The results are represented pictorially in the form of a tree of fault modes.

这些工具评估系统失效，但是可以结合失效的多种原因。

The failure mechanism and service sttaus quo of hot piercer point in seamless steel tube were analyzed and its failure was mainly caused by piercer point collapsing nose, sticking steel and cracking.

对穿无缝钢管热穿孔顶头的失效机制和使用状况进行了分析研究，认为穿孔顶头的失效形式主要表现为顶头塌鼻、粘钢、开裂。

The controller uses the data write buffer to reduce the data access waiting time, and employs the two ways of duo channels instruction pre-fetch buffer to decrease the fetching instruction waiting time and increase the instruction pre-fetch buffer hit rate. Meanwhile, to reduce the waiting time aroused by page miss of SDRAM, a four ways of on chip stack memory is introduced. Compared with traditional controller through experiments the novel SDRAM controller gets a high reduction up to 63% in access waiting time and 64% in page miss.

该控制器采用数据写缓存方式降低了数据在存取内存时的等待时间；并引入了两组双通道预取指令缓冲器，每组双通道都用以减少取指令时的等待时间，采用两组的结构是为了增加指令预取的命中率；同时还使用了四路组关联的片上堆栈存储器来降低SDRAM的页失效频率，从而降低了因页失效而需要等待的时钟周期。

This paper introduces the several principal styles and reasons when axis parts are in abatement.

本文介绍了轴类零件失效的几种主要形式及其产生原因，并指出为避免轴件失效应注意的问题。

ABSTRACT: In order to establish the reliability model of long pipeline and rope, which is capable of reflecting the correlativity between virtual components, the present paper illuminates the segment partition principle of long pipeline and rope continuity system, relationship between sizes of virtual segments and features of flaw distribution, distribution of segment intensity, the failure correlativity among components, relationships of segment sizes, relationships between distribution of system intensity and that of segment intensity and so on.

为了建立能反映虚拟的"元件"间失效相关性的长管道或缆绳的可靠性模型，论述了管道、缆绳类连续系统的单元化原则，虚拟单元的尺寸与缺陷分布特征的关系，单元强度分布及单元间的失效相关性与单元尺度的关系，系统强度分布与单元强度分布的关系等。

In order to establish the reliability model of long pipeline and rope, which is capable of reflect ing the correlativity between virtual components, the present paper illuminates the segment partition principle of long pipeline and rope continuity system , relat ion ship between sizes of virtual segment s and features of flaw dist ribution, distribution of segmentin tensity, the failu recorrelativity among components, relat ion ships of segment sizes, relation ships between distribution of system intensity and that of segment in tensity and so on.

摘 要：为了建立能反映虚拟的"元件"间失效相关性的长管道或缆绳的可靠性模型，论述了管道、缆绳类连续系统的单元化原则，虚拟单元的尺寸与缺陷分布特征的关系，单元强度分布及单元间的失效相关性与单元尺度的关系，系统强度分布与单元强度分布的关系等。

By using Visual Basic, based on NASTRAN finite element analysis, this paper developed an efficient and convenient software which can process automatically the result of NASTRAN analysis and establish the database, and compute the failure probability of structural element and system, plot the contour of failure probability.

在NASTRAN有限元分析结果的基础上，以Windows95为开发平台，以VisualBasic为开发工具，开发了一个效率高，使用方便的结构可靠性分析软件该软件可以自动处理NASTRAN的计算结果，建立数据库，计算结构单元和系统的失效概率，绘制结构失效概率分布云图等，为工程人员在有限元计算的基础上进一步进行可靠性分析提供了一个方便、快捷的工具

Through the discussion on the calculating methods for failure probability of element section with the influence of one or more human errors ,a mathematic analytical formula under ideal known conditions is deduced.

通过对单个或任意多个人因差错影响下构件截面失效概率计算方法的分析讨论，推导出在理想已知条件下的数学解析求解公式；在考虑人因差错对结构参数影响程度的空间离散化后，得出了相应的简化计算方法；并以一个单筋梁的正截面为例进行了失效概率计算和人因差错影响程度分析。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。