失效

This text passes correctly elm two of Daqing oil field is united --One Song unite person who bury oil pipeline scene to live in environment survey and study, is it take a sample test , environmental corrosivity survey , corrosivity measuring of pipeline and assess of soil to excavate, is it cause person who bury pipeline antiseptic layers of invalid main factor to find out , confirm the environmental grade of corrosion of soil according to environmental comprehensive physics and chemistry index of soil, grasp pipeline antiseptic invalid law of layer , study antiseptic layers of resistivity decay law and to influence that negative pole protect, is it suitable for person who bury antiseptic layer of life-span of the pipeline calculate formulae and actual effect criterion model to propose on the basis of this text, illustrate and simply analyse oil field long to fail person who bury antiseptic layer of surplus ability to work of the pipeline, unite for elm two --One Song unite pipeline antiseptic maintenance of layer , is it put forward science rational suggestion to change.

本文通过对大庆油田榆二联——宋一联埋地输油管道所处环境的现场调研、开挖取样化验、环境土壤的腐蚀性勘测、管线的腐蚀性检测和评估，找出引起埋地管道防腐层失效的主要因素，并根据环境土壤的综合理化指标确定该段环境土壤的腐蚀等级，掌握管道防腐层的失效规律，研究防腐层电阻率衰减规律及其对阴极保护的影响，在本文的基础上提出适用于埋地管道防腐层寿命计算公式和失效判据模型，例证和浅析油田长输埋地管道防腐层剩余工作能力，为榆二联——宋一联管道防腐层的维修、更换提出科学合理的建议。

For the composites with a low content of TiC particle, the rupture manner was mainly the nucleation of cavity and following ductility splitting fracture. But for the composites with a high content of TiC particle, the cracking and decohesion of TiC particles were the main rupture mechanism. For the composite containing a middle TiC content, the rupture mechanism consisted of the above two styles, but the former was the dominating mechanism and the later was the subordinate mechanism.

对TiC体积分数较低的钢基复合材料，拉伸过程中TiC颗粒界面上的孔洞形核及随后塑性撕开机制是其断裂失效的主要机制；对TiC体积分数较高的钢基复合材料，拉伸过程中TiC颗粒的开裂及脱落是其断裂失效的主要机制：对TiC体积分数介于上述两者之间的钢基复合材料，拉伸过程中TiC颗粒界面上的孔洞形核及随后塑性撕开机制在其断裂失效过程中占主要地位，而TiC颗粒的开裂及脱落占次要地位。

Based on the function and reliability, the design principle for thepermanent magnetic bearing in rotating machine is put forward. FailureMode Effect and Criticality Analysis is studied for thepermanent magnetic bearing, and corresponding designs for magneticbearing are made to enhance the reliability. In addition, the main failuremode and failure causes are found by FMECA, it is found that theadditional alternate magnetic field within the machine causing thepermanent magnet to demagnetize is the main failure mode of thepermanent magnetic bearing in rotating machine.

本文提出了基于功能和可靠性的旋转机械永磁轴承的设计原理，对旋转机械永磁轴承进行了失效模式影响及危害度分析，并相应地提出可靠性设计措施，以提高永磁轴承的可靠性，同时通过FMECA找出了影响永磁轴承可靠性的主要失效模式及失效因素。

In the first part, it is concluded that load is the most fundamentally reason leading to disablement of die after experimentation research, manufacture experience and stat.

第一部分是在锻模的实验研究、生产经验和调查统计的基础上，分析其失效形式和失效机理，得出引起锻模失效的最根本原因是负荷。

They found that more than 80% of the failures can be attributed to fatigue or fatigue related failures and most of them occur at the screwed joint of the drill collar.

石油管材研究所对近几年失效事故进行分析，有80％以上失效属于疲劳或与疲劳相关的失效，其中绝大部分发生在钻铤的螺纹联接处用。

The normal plate and fail plate in the same failure battery （12 V／7 Ah）were compared and analyzed. The results of SEM observation show that the surface structure of normal plates and fail plates were different.

此外，对同一失效电池中不同单格分别取正常的极板及失效的极板进行比较分析，扫描电镜结果显示：正常的极板及失效的极板的表面结构不同。

In the paper, based on the hypothesis that the failure of every poles is independent and by the method of reliability assign and reassign, the difficult problem of disposing the structure system reliability constraints is solved. Based on sensitivity information, the given system failure probability can be replaced by the sum of every element failure probability.

针对基于体系可靠性约束优化设计的关键问题一结构体系可靠性的分析和计算，在基于结构各单元失效相互独立假设的基础上，提出了以各单元失效概率摘要之和近似体系失效概率的处理方法，并给出了体系可靠性分配和再分配的方法，以确保结构体系在优化过程中的可靠性，实现了结构基于体系可靠性的优化设计。

In the paper, based on the hypothesis that the failure of every poles is independent and by the method of reliability assign and reassign, the difficult problem of disposing the structure system reliability constraints is solved. Based on sensitivity information, the given system failure probability can be replaced by the sum of every element failure probability. And then the structural optimization design based on system reliability is preceded.

针对基于体系可靠性约束优化设计的关键问题一结构体系可靠性的分析和计算，在基于结构各单元失效相互独立假设的基础上，提出了以各单元失效概率之和近似体系失效概率的处理方法，并给出了体系可靠性分配和再分配的方法，以确保结构体系在优化过程中的可靠性，实现了结构基于体系可靠性的优化设计。

The calculating formula for fatigue reliability of single component was deduced. A criterion of fatigue failure of integral platform and the method for determining key failure mode of platform were suggested,and the computing method for failure probability of integral platform was presented.

在此基础上给出了单个构件的疲劳可靠性计算公式，提出了平台整体疲劳失效的简化判断依据和平台关键失效模式的确定方法，并给出了平台整体失效概率的计算方法。

In this paper, the failure problem of the pipeline systems on the platform is researched by spot test, monitor, and numerical simulation. It is pointed out the major criterion of the failure mode and this kind of failure mode is inevitable. In order to improve the condition the pipeline ice-resistant rank should be enhanced.

本文通过现场检测、监测和数值模拟等手段对海洋平台上部管线系统的失效问题进行研究，给出该失效模式的主要判据，并且指出该种失效模式是无法避免的，应提高管线的抗振设防等级。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。