大黄素

Positive results of mutagenicity have been obtained with chrysophanol aloe-emodin emodin and chrysarobin in Salmonella /microsome assays.

致畸作用。沙门氏菌/微粒体中的致畸结果为阳性的有：大黄酚，芦荟-大黄素，大黄素，和驱虫豆素以上均为大黄的化学成份），大黄酸的结果为阴性。

To further study the chemical constitutes of lipophilic active parts, we prepared Alc95% and Alc50% according to original literature. 20 compounds were isolated by using macroporous resin, silica gel, polyamide, Sephadex LH-20, Rp-18, preparative TLC and preparative HPLC chromato-graphy. The structures of them were elucidated by means of physical and chemical properties, modern spectroscopic analysis techniques—UV、IR、 EI/MS、ESI/MS、〓H-NMR、〓C-NMR、DEPT、HMQC、HMBC. They are nine anthraquinones: chrysophanol (95-1), physcion (95-2), emodin (95-5), aloemodin (95-7), rhein (50-1), sennoside A or B (50-6),ω-hydroxylemodin (95-10), chrysophanol-8-0-β-D-glucoside (95-12), aloemodin-ω-0-β-D-glucoside (95-13); three phenanthaquinones: tanshinone ⅡA (95-3), cryptotanshinone (95-6), tanshinone Ⅰ(95-4); one isoflavone: 7, 3'-dihydroxyl-5' methoxyisoflavone (95-14) and protocaechuic aldehyde (95-9), protocaechuic acid (95-11), astragaloside Ⅳ(50-4), amygdalin (50-5), 2, 3, 5, 4'-tetrahydroxylstilbene-2-0-β-D-glucoside (50-3),-catechin (50-2), cinnamic acid (95-8). Among them, 3'-dihydroxyl-5' methoxyisoflavone (95-14) is a new compound.

经过溶剂萃取、大孔吸附树脂富集、Sephadex LH-20精制、制备TLC及Semi-pre HPLC等手段从中分离了20个化合物，利用理化性质和波谱技术(UV、IR、EI／MS、ESI／MS、〓H-NMR、〓C-NMR、DEPT、HMQC、HMBC)相结合鉴定了它们的结构，分别为9种蒽醌类化合物：大黄酚，大黄素甲醚，大黄素，芦荟大黄素，大黄酸，番泻苷A或B，ω-羟基大黄素(ω-hydroxylemodin)，大黄酚-8-0-β-D-葡萄糖苷(chrysophanol-8-0-β-D-glucoside)，芦荟大黄素-ω-0-β-D-葡萄糖苷(aloemodin-ω-0-β-D-glucoside)；3种菲醌类化合物：丹参酮ⅡA(tanshinoneⅡA)，隐丹参酮，丹参酮Ⅰ(tanshinone Ⅰ)；1种异黄酮：7，3'-二羟基-5'-甲氧基异黄酮（7，3'-dihydroxy-5' methoxyisofla-vone）以及原儿茶醛，原儿茶酸，黄芪甲苷(astragaloside Ⅳ)，苦杏仁苷，2，3，5，4'-四羟基二苯乙烯-2-0-β-D-葡萄糖苷（2，3，5，4'-tetrahydroxylstilbene-2-O-β-D-g1ucoside），Z—儿茶素，桂皮酸。

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我公司主营产品：钩藤 Gouteng ·水飞蓟素·水飞蓟素·水飞蓟宾·白藜芦醇·大豆甙元·大黄素·大豆异黄酮·酸枣仁提取物·姜黄素，青蒿素松树皮提取物，连翘提取物，野菊花提取物，喜树碱，山楂提取物，熊果酸，玉米须提取物，麦冬提取物，大蒜提取物，人参总皂甙，枸杞提取物，问荆提取物，绿茶提取物，小白菊提取物，苦参提取物，缬草提取物，水杨甙，鬼臼毒素，红曲米提取物，葛根提取物，黄芪提取物，苦瓜提取物，刺蒺藜提取物，银杏叶提取物，枳实提取物，淫羊藿甙，葡萄籽提取物，丹参提取物，山药提取物，越橘提取物，穿心莲提取物，白柳皮提取物，五味子提起物，绞股蓝提取物，当归提取物，红车轴草提取物，红景天提取物，土贝母总皂甙，黄春菊提取物，黑升麻提取物，贯叶连翘提取物，虎杖甙，染料木素，利血平，辛弗林，青藤碱，刺五加甙，薯蓣皂素，葛根素，脱皮激素，卡瓦提取物，叶黄素，番茄红素，南瓜籽提取物，甘草提取物，荨麻提取物，黄芩提取物，蛇床子，细辛，锯叶棕提取物，水皂角提取物，芦丁提取物，紫甘蓝提取物，益母草提取物，延胡索提取物，啤酒花提取物，厚朴提取物，黄杨木提取物，板兰根提取物，生姜提取物，蒲公英提取物，番泻叶提取物，芦荟提取物，党参提取物，金银花提取物，槲皮素，等等

Aloin and Isobarbaloin are major activity for anthraquinone derivative in Aloe. It's hydrolysis to aloe-emodin-9-anthrone, and oxidant to aloe-emodin at intestine bacteria.

芦荟大黄苷及异芦荟大黄苷是芦荟之蒽醌类衍生物的主要有效成分，经肠内细菌作用，水解成芦荟大黄素-9-蒽酮，再氧化成芦荟大黄素，而产生泻下作用。

These compounds were identified as follows:chrysophanol (FP-1),physcion(FP-2),eriosematin(FP-3),scoparone(FP-4),lupeol(FP-5),betulinic acid(FP-6),3\',4\'-Dihydroxy-trans-cinamic acid octacosyl ester(FP-7),β-sitosterol (FP-8),flemiphilippinone A(FP-9),monopalmitin(FP-10),emodin(FP-11),islandicin (FP-12),salicylic acid(FP-13),p-methoxyphenylpropionic acid(FP-14),trideca-1, 3-diene(FP-15),lupinifolin(FP-16),flemichin D(FP-17),flemiphilippinin A(FP-18), auriculasin(FP-19),erythrinin B(FP-20),6-C-prenylluteolin(FP-21), 8-(1,1-dimethylallyl) genistein(FP-22),flemiphilippinin E(FP-23),flemiphilippinin F (FP-24),5,7,3\',4\'-tetrahydroxy-6,8-diprenylisoflavone(FP-25),flemiphilippinin D (FP-26),dorsmaninsⅠ(FP-27),osajin(FP-28),6,8-diprenyleriodictyol(FP-29), lupinalbin A(FP-30),genistein(FP-31),3\'-O-methylorobol(FP-32),orobol(FP-33), 5,7,2\',3\',4\'-pentahrdroxyflavone(FP-34),the mixture of biochanin A and prunetin (FP-35 and 36),genistin(FP-37),sophororicoside(FP-38),3\'-O-methylorobol-7-glucoside(FP-39),the mixture of sissotrin and prunetin 4\'-O-β-D-glucoside(FP-40 and 41),adenosine(FP-42) and luteoloside(FP-43,mixture).

这些化合物分别为大黄酚(FP-1)、大黄素甲醚(FP-2)、eriosematin(FP-3)、滨蒿内酯(FP-4)、羽扇豆醇(FP-5)、白桦酸(FP-6)、咖啡酸二十八烷酯(FP-7)、β-谷甾醇(FP-8)、蔓性千斤拔酮A(FP-9)、单棕榈酸甘油酯(FP-10)、大黄素(FP-11)、islandicin(FP-12)、水杨酸(FP-13)、对甲氧基苯丙酸(FP-14)、十三烷-1，4-二烯烃(FP-15)、lupinifolin(FP-16)、千斤拔素D(FP-17)、蔓性千斤拔素A(FP-18)、auriculasin(FP-19)、erythrinin B(FP-20)、6-C-异戊烯基木犀草素(FP-21)、8-(1，1-二甲烯丙基)-染料木黄酮(FP-22)、蔓性千斤拔素E(FP-23)、蔓性千斤拔素F(FP-24)、5，7，3′，4′-四羟基-6，8-双异戊烯基异黄酮(FP-25)、蔓性千斤拔素D(FP-26)、dorsmaninsⅠ(FP-27)、osajin(FP-28)、6，8-双异戊烯基圣草素(FP-29)、lupinalbin A(FP-30)、染料木黄酮(FP-31)、3\'-O-甲基香豌豆苷元(FP-32)、奥洛醇(FP-33)、5，7，2′，3′，4′-五羟基黄酮(FP-34)、鹰嘴豆素甲和樱黄素的混合物(FP-35和FP-36)、染料木苷(FP-37)、槐属苷(FP-38)、7-葡萄糖基-3\'-O-甲基香豌豆苷(FP-39)、印度黄檀苷和樱黄素4′-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷的混合物(FP-40和FP-41)、腺嘌呤核苷(FP-42)和木犀草苷(FP-43，混合物)。

Results: The hairy root was successfully induced and the hairy root culture system was set up; The opines assay was positive for mannopine and agropine; The result of determination showed that there were a lot of anthroquinone constituents in the rhubarb hairy root and the contents of rhein, aloe-emodin, emodin or 8-O-methylchrysophanol were respectively higher than those in wild plant root.

结果：诱导出了天山大黄发根，并建立了发根离体培养系；从发根中检测到甘露碱、农杆碱的存在；定量分析发现，天山大黄发根中含有多种蒽醌类成分，其中大黄酸、芦荟大黄素、大黄素、大黄酚-8-甲醚的含量分别高于原植物根中的含量。

Methods: The medicinal plant Rheum wittrochii Lundstr., was genetically with Ri plasmid harbouring in Agrobacterium rhizogenes 9402 strain to induce hairy roots; transformed the opines from the hairy roots were assayed by paper electrophoresis; the contents of free anthroquinones such as aloe-emodin, rhein, chrysophanol, emodin, physcion, 8-O-methylchrysophanol from the hairy roots were quantitatively determined by HPLC technique.

用发根农杆菌Agrobacterium rhizogenes 9402 所含Ri质粒遗传转化药用植物天山大黄以诱导发根用纸电泳法检测发根中冠瘿碱的存在；用高效液相色谱法测定发根中芦荟大黄素、大黄酸、大黄酚、大黄素、大黄素甲醚、大黄酚-8-甲醚等游离蒽醌化合物的含量。

RESULTS: The absorption of emodin was reduced by aloe-emodin and physcion conspicuously.

结果：大黄素的吸收被芦荟大黄素、大黄素甲醚显著地抑制。

Emodin, aloe-emodin and rhein are major components of rhubarb.

大黄素、芦荟大黄素及大黄酸是在大黄中最重要的成分，皆为蒽醌类化合物。

Aloe-emodin and rhein were predominant in five anthraquinones after being treated with rare-earth element Eu(superscript 3+).

经Eu(上标 3+)处理的3种类型大黄根中芦荟大黄素和大黄酸高于大黄素、大黄酚和大黄素甲醚。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。