大麻黄

We choose the arid land of northwestern China as our study area because of its extensive area, specific geographical location, dry climate, varied topography, vulnerable ecosystems and long-term human disturbance, as well as the existence of current conflicts between economic development and environmental protection. Based on the literature, we choose ten desert species with clear and relatively accurate geographical distribution ranges to model their distributions:Anabasis brevifolia, Atraphaxis frutescens, Calligonum mon-golicum, Ephedra przewalskii, Gymnocarpos przewalskii, Haloxylon ammodendron, Haloxylon persicum, Ka-lidium cuspidatum, Salsola laricifolia, and Sympegma regelii.

：选择面积广阔、地理位置特殊、气候干旱、地形地貌多样、生态系统脆弱以及人类活动长期干扰，而且目前面临着西部大开发和环境保护双重矛盾的西北干旱区作为研究区域，通过收集西北干旱区多种优势种和常见种的地理分布资料，选取10种分布范围相对明确、资料相对齐备的荒漠植物种：短叶假木贼、木蓼(A- traphaxis frutescens)、沙拐枣、膜果麻黄、裸果木、梭梭柴、白梭梭、尖叶盐爪爪、松叶猪毛菜(Salsola lar- icifolia)和合头草，定量分析其地理分布与气候因子的关系，并据此估测其潜在中心分布区和潜在最大分布范围，与实际分布范围进行比较。

Methods Vacuole incidence of axillary sweat gland was determined by observing the histolomorphological changes of vacuole to evaluate the diaphoretic function.

方法采用组织形态学方法，以大鼠腋窝部皮肤汗腺的空泡发生百分率作为评价发汗强度的指标，观察麻黄汤不同配伍给药后30 min对大鼠的发汗作用。

MethodsThe electric potentials of isolated ventricular papillary muscle were intracellularly recorded. Electrophysiological parameters were: resting potential, amplitude of action potential, maximal rate of depolarization of phase 0, duration of action potential, duration of 50% and 90% depolarization (APD50 and APD90). The effects and mechanisms of action EVFP on the electric potentials were observed.

方法采用玻璃微电极细胞内纪录方法，描记麻黄果多糖对心室乳头肌静息电位，动作电位幅值，0相最大除极速度、复极至50%和90%(APD50，APD90)的时间的影响，并利用M受体阻断剂和β受体阻断剂，探讨其作用靶点。

The rat's epididymal lipocytes were used to observe the effect of Ephedra sinica in lipogenesis from 14 C glucose and lipolysis promoted by norepinephrine.

用正常大鼠附睾处脂肪细胞，分别观察麻黄对由14C标记的葡萄糖转化的脂肪合成及由去甲肾上腺素促进的脂肪分解的作用。

The result of factor analysis can provide the changes of relative precipitation and temperature variations. In trace elements, Cu, As, Zn, Pb and Ni were apparently enrichmented in soil layers and are sensitive to climatic changes. Carbon isotope is more sensitive to climatic changes than that of oxygen isotope in loess stratigraphy. The heavy mineral are varified in the loess stratigraphy, but their content differences between loess and palaeosol is little. Though the palynologic analyses results reveal that pollens and spores are fewer in the loess stratigraphy, they differ greatly in loess layer and palaeosol layer not only in species but also in types, i. e., the pollens and spores indicating warm and moist climate, such as Lles, Podocarpus, Polopydium, Pteris grerilliana Wall, Pterocarya and Juglans appear in palaeosol layers, while those indicating cold and dry climate such as Ephedra, Artemisia, Chinopodiaceae, Picea and Abies exist mainly in loess layers. The pollen content of broad-leaved tree mainly consisting of Pterocarya is up to 60% in palaeosol 〓, while the content of Ephedra is more than 50% in 〓 loess layer, showing that the environment differed greatly when 〓 and 〓 were formed.

当然，常量元素氧化物的组合因子分析结果可提供相对降水与相对温度在剖面的变化，因而来反映气候状况更为理想；微量元素中Cu、As、Zn、Pb与Ni在成土过程中富集明显，亦较好地反映了气候变化；稳定同位素中的碳同位素比氧同位素更能敏感记录气候的变化；研究区黄土地层中重矿物种类较多，但黄土层与古土壤层中含量差异不大；孢粉分析结果揭示，尽管研究区黄土层中孢粉总量相对较为贫乏，但黄土层与古土壤层中孢粉种属相差较大：在古土壤层内出现了指示相对暖湿环境的冬青属、罗汉松属、水龙骨属、林下凤尾蕨、枫杨、胡桃等植物孢粉，而黄土层中麻黄、藜科、蒿属及冷杉、云杉含量较高。

Sympegma regelii community, a rangeland desert vegetation, has the highest Shannon-Winner species diversity indices (1.706); the communities of Haloxylon ammodendron and Ephedra przewalskii, which have obvious feature of desert vegetation, are in the middle in species diversity indices (0.875-0.890); the communities of Calligonum mongolicum, Populus euphratica, Tamarix ramosissima and Glycyrrhiza inflata, characterized by desert forest of which saline desert bushes and saline meadows are scattered in the communities, have lowest value of the species diversity indices (0.079-0.495). 3 The structure of desert plant community is dominated by the bush layer. The species diversity indices of bush layer (0.769-1.451) is much higher than that of herb layer (0.193-0.254), and the diversity in herb layer is strongly influenced by bush layer. 4 The species diversity of desert plant communities shows a gradient of change with respect to longitude, latitude and elevation. For example, rangeland plant Sympegma regelii, with a high level of diversity indices (1.706), is in transition to desert plants Haloxylon ammodendronn community (with a low level of diversity indices of 1.379) in a longitude gradient and to saline Tamarix ramosessima community (with a low level of diversity indices of 0.376) in a latitude gradient. Calligonum mongolicum community, with a low level of species diversity (0.819), is in transition to Ephedra przewalskii (with a low level of diversity indices of 0.890) and Haloxylon ammondendron community (with the diversity indices of 0.645) in an elevational gradient.

群落Shannon-Wiener物种多样性水平表现为合头草群落最高(1.706)，具有草原化荒漠植被类型的成分；梭梭群落、膜果麻黄群落居中(0.875~0.890)，荒漠植被类型特征明显；沙拐枣群落、胡杨群落、多枝柽柳群落、胀果甘草群落较低(0.079~0.495)，荒漠林、盐地沙生灌丛及盐化草甸植被均有零星分布。3荒漠植物群落结构层次中，灌木层占居主导地位，群落灌木层物种多样性水平(0.769~1.451)远远大于草本层(0.193~0.254)，且草本层物种多样性受灌木层影响较大。4荒漠植物群落物种多样性分布格局表现为经向、纬向和海拔梯度的变化，经向、纬向变化为物种多样性水平较高的草原化植物合头草群落(1.076)向物种多样性水平较低的荒漠植物梭梭群落(1.379)和盐化植物多枝柽柳群落(0.376)的过渡，海拔梯度则呈现低水平的沙拐枣群落(0.819)到高水平的膜果麻黄群落(0.890)向低水平的梭梭群落(0.645)变化。

The effects of the medicine of "shegan mahuang decoction" on NO and IgE in the serum of model animals were observed. The effect of "shegan mahuang decoction"on NO in BALF of model animals were observed. The effect of prednisone on NO and IgE were observed also.

观察中药加味射干麻黄汤对模型动物血清及BALF中NO水平及血清中IgE水平的影响，还观察了西药强的松对哮喘大鼠NO水平的影响。

By determining the extract to the chicken embryo's maximum lethal concentration and hemagglutination. By different medicine liquor concentration direct action in virus, inoculate embryo determine the change of virus titer, found that all 8 compoundings have the effect of antivirus, and Mahuang is the essential component.

测定提取液对鸡胚的最大致死浓度和对红细胞的凝集作用；以药液的不同浓度直接作用于病毒，接种鸡胚检验病毒滴度的变化，观察发现8种配方都有抑制病毒的作用，其中麻黄是发挥抗病毒作用的主要成分。

The medicine of "shegan mahuang decoction "can bring on a satisfactory result in treating asthma through reducing the content of IgE and NO.

加味射干麻黄汤能明显降低哮喘大鼠体内NO及IgE水平，使之恢复正常。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了