大青属

At cypsela size variation, the cypsela length variations of Ajania, Senecio and Anaphalis are smaller, the cypsela length variations of Artemisia, Aster and Ligularia are bigger; the cypsela width variation of Anaphalis is smaller, and others have little difference.

在连萼瘦果大小变异方面，亚菊属、千里光属和香青属连萼瘦果长度的变异系数较小，蒿属、紫菀属和橐吾属的变异系数较大；香青属连萼瘦果宽度的变异系数较小，其他属的变异系数相差不大。

The results show that:①The mean length of Ligularia is the biggest, and the mean length of Ajania, Anaphalis and Artemisia is the smallest; the mean width of Aster and Ligularia is bigger than that of others; the mean length/width have lots of differences, the biggest being Senecio, and the smallest Artemisia.

①橐吾属连萼瘦果平均长度最大，亚菊属、香青属和蒿属连萼瘦果平均长度较小；紫菀属和橐吾属的平均宽度相对较大；长／宽的平均值在各属间相差很大，最大的为千里光属，蒿属最小。

Vatica guangxiensis and Altingia andersonii are dominant tree species of the upper layer in the community, which can be divided into A, B, C, D, E layers. and is mainly charactered by evergreen megaphaenerophytes and mesophaenerophytes with simple, chartaceous, entire, caudal mesophyll leaves. There are a lot of wooden lianas and epiphytes between layers.

该群落是以龙脑香科的广西青梅和金缕梅科的细青皮为乔木上层优势树种，群落分A至E层，外貌以单叶、纸质、全缘、尾尖、中叶为主的常绿大、中高位芽植物组成为特征，层间木质藤本和附生植物丰富，属热带季节雨林。

Based upon the ecoanatomical method, leaf anatomical characters of eleven populations of six evergreen species (Cyclobalanopsis glauca, C. myrsinaefolia, C. gracilis, Castanopsis sclerophylla, C. eyrei and Lithocarpus glaber) from the eastern subtropical area of China were analyzed and compared with SPSS, DCA and TWINSPAN. The results are: 1. Although the leaf structures of the eleven populations still belong to the mesophyll type, they all express the trend of xerophilization. 2. There are some differences in leaf anatomical characters among populations, species and genera, which occur as the results of their adaptation to different habitats. 3. Different leaf anatomical characters have different variations among populations, species and genera, of which leaf thickness and palisade tissue thickness (considered as ecological adaptation characters) have greater variation than sponge tissue thickness, lower cuticle thickness and lower epidermis thickness (as systematical evolution characters). 4. The leaves of C. sclerophylla and C. glauca with thicker lamina, palisade tissue and cuticle (a multilayered upper epidermis in C. sclerophylla) are thought to better adapt to their dry habitat. The leaves of C. eyrei with thicker sponge tissue, although characterized by a multlayered upper epidermis, adapt to their humid and warm habitat. The leaves of C. myrsinaefolia and C. gracilis characterized by a thinner lamina, a less palisade tissue and a moderate cuticle thickness adapt to the humid and cool habitat in a middle mountain.

选取亚热带东部替代分布明显的壳斗科6种常绿树种（青冈、小叶青冈、细叶青冈、苦槠、甜槠和石栎）的11个种群叶片进行生态解剖，并用SPSS， DCA和TWINSPAN比较分析，结果表明：①尽管6种11个种群叶的结构仍属中生叶型，但有着不同程度的趋旱适应；②叶的解剖性状在属间、种间和种群间均存在着不同程度的差异，这是它们适应各自生境的结果，青冈和石栎的种内差异较大，反映出它们对环境变化有较强响应能力；③叶片的不同解剖性状在属、种类和种群间的变化并不同步，其中叶片和栅栏组织厚度等性状差异突出，反映它们更易受环境的饰变，是生态适应性状，而海绵组织、下角质膜，特别是下表皮厚度等性状差异较小，显示出这些性状的稳定性，可以认为是系统演化性状；④苦槠、青冈具有较厚的叶片、栅栏组织、角质膜和发达输导和机械组织，苦槠还具有复表皮，表现出对旱化生境的适应；甜槠尽管具有复表皮和较厚的叶片，但这是海绵组织增厚的结果，是对中生生境的适应；小叶青冈和细叶青冈具有较薄的叶片和栅栏组织、角质膜厚度居中等特点，可能是对中山凉湿生境的适应。

Flower bud conspicuously swollen at tip; drupes with 4 1-seeded pyrenes, sometimes separating into 4 1-locular nutlets

显著使在顶部膨胀的花芽；核果的具4 1种子果核，有时分成4 1室的小坚果 14 Clerodendrum 大青属

And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, Your father and your brothers have come to you.

47：5 法老对约瑟说，你父亲和你弟兄们到你这里来了。

Additionally, the approximate flattening of surface strip using lines linking midpoints on perpendicular lines between geodesic curves and the unconditional extreme value method are discussed.

提出了用测地线方程、曲面上两点间短程线来计算膜结构曲面测地线的方法，同时，采用测地线间垂线的中点连线和用无约束极值法进行空间条状曲面近似展开的分析。