大陆

With a dip angle between 15° and 30°, the uplift of an obducted plate during continental collision is much higher, and able to form a high mountain. The uplift is greatest with a dip angle of 15°; whereas with a dip angle between 30° and 45°, the subduction depth of a plate is much deeper, and able to form a deep basin. The subduction depth is greatest with a dip angle of 45°. When the dip angle is equal to or greater than 75°, subduction and obduction movements between two continents become undistinguishable.

当断裂带倾角在15~30°时，两个大陆板块碰撞导致的仰冲板块一侧隆升高度相对更大，利于形成高大的山脉，其中以15°倾角对应的仰冲板块一侧隆升最高；当断裂带倾角在30~45°时，两个大陆板块碰撞导致的俯冲板块的俯冲深度相对更深，利于形成深陷的盆地，其中以45°倾角对应的俯冲陆块一侧俯冲最深；当断裂带倾角≥75°时，两个大陆板块之间的相对俯冲和仰冲作用变得不明显。

Since the Great Britain is an island country out of the Continent, the content of its foreign strategy must come from this location: expanded actively to the oversea, managed its domain and strength, and at the same time, to the countries in the Continent, it adopted the balance of the powers, preventing the emergence of the super- hegemonical countries which would threaten the security and hegemony of the Great Britain. As the representative of the Continent, France is called "hexangular country" of which its frontier was surrounded by the once powerful neighbors-- Germany, Italy, Spain.

由于英国是处于欧洲大陆之外的岛国，这一地理位置决定了它的外交大战略的内容：积极向海洋扩张，经营自己的版图和实力，同时对欧洲大陆采取均势政策，防止超霸型国家出现，威胁英伦三岛的安全和英国的优势地位；作为大陆国家代表的法国，则被称为&六角国&，四周边境长期被曾经强大的邻居德国、意大利、西班牙包围。

According to the variation in the components of intermediateacid igneous rocks coming from the lower crust, it is possible to restrain the depth of the source area and the minimum thickness of the crust, and thus to provide important information for the study of the deep process of the continental intraplate mineralizationGlobally, many world level porphyry copper deposits and metallogenic systems formed by hypabyssal hot liquid have their close relationship with the synchronous adakite in spacetime and genesis; domestically, the adakitelike rocks have been identified to be related to the metallogenesis in the main metallogenic areas in ChinaThe recognition of adakitelike rocks having no relationship with the process of subduction makes it possible to construct a metallogenic model of continental intraplate porphyry metal deposits by combining other geological evidences, and this model is totally different from the metallogenic model of porphyry copper deposits with Bsubduction setting constructed by Sillitoe (1972)The existence of adakitelike rocks may be the necessary condition but not the sufficient one for forming the largescale porphyry deposits and the hypabyssal hotliquid deposits, whose metallogenic elements mainly came from the mantleThe metallogenic potential of adakitelike rocks is achieved by the entering of the mantle material, and the metallogenic specialization of adakitelike rocks is decided by the distribution characteristics of the metallogenic elements in the upper mantleAn important reason for the adakitelike magma related to subduction being advantageous to mineralization is that there were abundant high pressure and high temperature liquid coming from the subducted platepieces and the magma of high fO2 coming from the melting of subducted platepiecesHowever, for those adakitelike rocks, whose occurrence has continental plate background but does not relate to the subduction, their metallogenic mechanism is not clear yetBased on the concept of modern mineral exploration and combined with the analysis of integrated geological information, we may better realize the practical prospecting significance of the adakitelike rocks

根据起源于下地壳的中酸性岩浆岩的成分变化，可以约束其源区深度以及地壳最小厚度，为大陆板内成矿作用的深部过程研究提供重要信息。全球范围内，许多世界级斑岩铜矿和浅成热液矿化系统与同期的埃达克质岩存在密切的时空与成因联系，在国内主要成矿区带也识别出与金属成矿作用有关的埃达克岩。与俯冲过程无关的埃达克质岩的识别，使我们有可能结合其他地质证据构建完全不同于Sillitoe(1972)B型俯冲环境的斑岩铜矿成矿模式的大陆板内斑岩型金属矿床成矿模式。对于规模巨大、矿质主要源自地幔的热液矿床的形成，埃达克岩可能是必要条件，但不是充分条件。埃达克岩的成矿潜力通过地幔物质加入而获取，埃达克岩的成矿专属性由上地幔成矿元素分布特征决定。与俯冲有关的埃达克质岩浆之所以有利于成矿，重要的原因是存在大量来自俯冲板片的高压、高温流体以及俯冲板片熔融形成高氧逸度(fO2)的熔体，但产出在大陆板内背景、与俯冲无关的埃达克岩的成矿机制还不清楚。根据现代资源勘查理念，结合综合地质信息分析，埃达克质岩具有实际找矿意义。

Metallogeny of continents is an important research frontier in the contemporaneous metallogenic study, and its theoretical framework is conceived and established by gaining a deep knowledge and understanding of metallogeny in the continental collisional orogen.

大陆成矿作用是当代区域成矿学研究的重大前沿，增进对大陆碰撞造山带成矿作用的理解和认识是孕育和建立大陆成矿理论框架的核心和关键。

We analyzed the tectonic differences and deep geodynamic characteristics based on the tomographic results, which show high velocity anomalies at the uppermost mantle beneath the northeast SCS, and depict the lithospheric mantle extension from South China continent to marginal sea. Because of the low temperature and thick lithosphere beneath the northeast SCS, it seems no magma intruded from mantle, so we inferred that the rift may only occur in the crust rather than extend to the upper mantle, which shows the nature of nonvolcanic continental margin.

结果表明：南海东北部表现出陆架地区的岩石层特性，属于华南大陆向海区的延伸，岩石层厚度较大，现今不存在大规模的地幔热流活动，推测大陆边缘张裂作用仅限于地壳内部而没有延伸进入上地幔，具有非火山型大陆边缘的深部特点。

First, some seismotectonic belts in southeast and northeast Qinghai-Tibet Plateau which have similar geodynamic background are selected.

本文从地震地质学角度出发，充分利用地震学和岩石力学等学科中的相关研究理论和方法，将地震活动与具体的地震构造相结合，探讨了包含多个孕震区或断裂带的大陆板内地区的地震复发规律，提出了大陆板内地震的准周期丛集复发模式，并系统、全面的研究和讨论了不同断裂之间的相互作用及其对活动断裂地震危险性的影响，从机理上揭示了大陆板内地震准周期丛集复发行为的内在物理基础。

It is proposed that the Tibetan Plateau is the consequence of not only the collision between India and Eurasia plates, but also the coupling and interaction between the lithosphere and underlaying mantle of the plateau.Keywords : Tibetan Plateau Mantle dynamics Mechanism.

说明在全球构造格局中，青藏高原不仅仅是印度和欧亚大陆会聚、碰撞以及大陆形变的结果，它也是青藏高原大陆岩石层和下伏地幔物质运动的相互耦合、相互作用的产物。

Unfortunately, the geological evolution of the earth's surface has had an obliterating effect on the original composition and structure of the continents to such an extent that further terrestrial investigations have small chance of arriving at an unambiguous answer to the question of continental origin.

遗憾的是，地球表面的地质变化对大陆原始结构和组成起了抹煞的作用。这种消除作用达到了这种程度，使进一步的大陆的研究工作很难对大陆起源问题去得明确的答案。

Thus, ripping apart of continents is no more traumatic than subducting or slip-sliding.

这样，裂开的大陆并不比（因一部分板块被挤入另一个板块下面而）面积减小的大陆或滑动到一个新位置的大陆有更多的伤痕。

Dollars, an annual rate of 15 percent growth, mainland enterprises are often put off to a and a half years after the beginning of recovery to take action, then the success rate of recovery has missed the golden period of high, but do not know how to make the best use of import and export credit insurance, the exchange rate hedging tools, making mainland enterprises only "big country exports," it is "Trade weak country."

浙江海泰律师事务所律师邬辉林说，大陆企业对美国的应收帐款到2007年是1，300亿美元，以每年15%的速度成长，大陆企业往往放帐到一年半之后，才开端采取追偿行动，这时已错过追偿成功率高的黄金期，更不懂得善用进出口信用保险、汇率避险工具，使得大陆企业仅是&贸易出口大国&，却是&贸易弱国&。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了