大都市的

On one hand, globalization courses the change of space economic structure and the restructure of world urban systems. The space economic structure changes from industry chain to a value chain structure. On the other hand, more and more progress of regions and countries has been brought into the global economic network. The rivalry between these countries often present between regions and cities. The global competitive advantage of cosmopolis and the surrounding town compact districts is a critical component of the countrys integrate competitive advantage.

一方面，全球化导致空间经济结构的转型和世界城市体系的重组，以"产业链"为特征的空间经济结构正在转变成为以"价值链"为特征的空间经济结构；另一方面，各国的城市和区域的发展越来越纳入全球经济网络，经济全球化背景下的国家竞争已经更多地表现为城市和区域之间的竞争，以国际大都市为核心的城镇密集区域的国际竞争力是国家综合竞争力的重要组成部分。

I am twenty-two blocks from where Rudolph Valentino lay in state,eight blocks from where Nathan Hale was executed,five blocks from the publisher's office where Ernest Hemingway hit Max Eastman on the nose, four miles from where Walt Whitman sat sweating out editorials for the Brooklyn Eagle , thirty-four blocks from the street Willa Cather lived in when she came to New York to write books about Nebraska, one block from where Marceline used to clown on the boards of the Hippodrome, thirty-six blocks from the spot where the historian Joe Gould kicked a radio to pieces in full view of the public, thirteen blocks from where Harry Thaw shot Stanford White, five blocks from where I used to usher at the Metropolitan Opera and only 112 blocks from the spot where Clarence Day the elder was washed of his sins in the Church of the Epiphany (I could continue this list indefinitely); and for that matter I am probably occupying the very room that any number of exalted and somewise memorable characters sat in, some of them on hot, breathless afternoons, lonely and private and full of their own sense of emanations from without..

二十二个街区远的地方，鲁道夫·瓦伦蒂诺在安眠；八个街区远的地方，内森·黑尔被绞死；五个街区远的地方，是出版人办公室，欧内斯特·海明威在那里挥拳击中了马克斯·伊斯门的鼻子；四英里远的地方，沃尔特。惠特曼曾挥汗如雨为《布鲁克林之鹰》写社论；三十四个街区以外，是威拉。卡瑟初到纽约的旧居，她当时正准备写作有关内布拉斯加州的著作；一个街区远的街道，马士莱在竞技场舞台上扮演过小丑；三十六个街区以外，历史学家乔。古尔德在众目睽睽之下踢碎了一台收音机；十三个街区以外，哈里。肖拔枪射击斯坦福。怀特；五个街区以外，是我过去做带位员的大都市剧场；而距离老克拉伦斯。戴举行葬礼的主显节教堂，仅有一百一十二个街区（我不确定还能再想起点儿什么）。就此而言，我正置身其中的房间，或许曾经呆过一些高贵而令人难忘的大人物，他们中一些人，在闷热的下午，坐在这里，孤独而隐秘，发散出异于外界的特有气息。

I am a mouse named Gawen, live in Beijing, and I come to like here since I have come to this flourishing metropolis from countryside before ten years followed the cart for transporting vegetables. Not only I can find colorful rubbish everywhere and search out knickknacks which I like, they are all the derelictions from human, but also I can shelter at the landlord's balcony counting the cars downstairs like flowing water, listen to the flute of cars, how dulcet music is that! And the smog from car's tail, how sportful breath is that! All these are not tasted in the countryside, and I like, I like all these very much.

我是一只叫Gawen的老鼠，居住在北京，自从10年前跟着乡下的运送蔬菜的大车来到这座繁华的大都市，我就喜欢上了这里，不仅仅是因为我可以在随处可见的花花绿绿的垃圾淘到我喜欢的小玩意，这些东西都是人类抛弃的，更让我开心的是，我喜欢躲在房东家的阳台上，数着楼下像流水一样的车流，听着汽车的笛声，那是多么美妙的音乐阿；还有从汽车的尾巴冒出来的烟雾，那是多么令人陶醉的气息，这在乡下是无法体会到的，我喜欢，非常喜欢。

So there is an idea bourgeoned in my mind, which is to use the traditional painting to express the new appearance of Beijing.

于是我开着车跑遍了北京城，去寻找最佳的表现北京新貌的景观，西直门立交桥，夜景的长安街，都是我热衷描绘的景点，传统的水墨画的弱点是不容易塑造具象的东西，于是我在宣纸和毛笔作为主要媒材的同时加入了丙稀色和排刷，希望能拓宽水墨的表现领域，在保持着线条和水墨韵味的基础上增加了色彩的力度，闪烁的霓虹，华灯初上，行人如织，车水马龙，北京正一步步的向国际化大都市迈进，把北京每前进一步的印记用绘画的形式记录下来，也是人生一大快事，怀着对北京的神圣感情，用纸和画笔，从一个画家的独特视角出发，将北京的景观、尤其是不太被人注意的人文景观留下来，是我一生的夙愿。

Of modernity was that of living in a modern metropolis, and the most remarked upon feature of this life was the nearly unmanageable assaultj of noise, illogical juxtaposition, relentless unpredictability, and enigmatic epiphanies, all made publicly available to anyone of all classes, in a manner that was as' fascinating as it was frustrating.

对于诗人波德莱尔和社会学家乔治齐美尔来说，现代性的经验就是在现代大都市生活。这种生活最显著的特征就是城市不可控制的喧嚣的干扰，不合逻辑的交叉重叠，残酷的不可预测性，神秘的顿悟，而这一切都使得向社会各个阶层公开化，即让人充满幻想，又让人沮丧的方式存在。

It analyzes,on the basis of the development trends of economic globalization and cultural localization,the necessity of Beijing Studies establishment,then puts forward that people in Beijing must conduct selfconsciousness by having rational selfknowledge,therefore they can satisfy the human quality corresponding to modernized capitals,show distinctive national and regional characteristics to the w...

首先从经济全球化和文化本土化的发展趋势分析了北京学建立的必然性，提出北京人必须通过理性的自知，来导致行为上的自觉，以具备与现代化大都市相称的人文素质，才能以鲜明的民族个性和地域特征凸现于世界面前，成为全球化整体发展中一个无法替代的重要成员。

Consequently, we rule and establish that henceforward, in accordance with the constitution of the aforesaid Alexander III, for vacant churches and monasteries of patriarchal, metropolitan and cathedral status, the person provided is to be of mature age, learning and serious character, as said above, and the provision is not to be made at someone's urging, by means of recommendation, direction or enforcement, or in any other way, unless it has seemed right to act differently on the grounds of advantage to the churches, prudence, nobility, uprightness, experience, lengthy contact with the curia (together with adequate learning), or service to the apostolic see.

因此，我们的规则和规定，从今以后，根据宪法规定的约束亚历山大三世，为空置的教堂和修道院的重男轻女，大都市和大教堂的地位，提供的人是成熟的年龄，学习和认真的性格，因为说上述情况，并提供不应在别人的敦促下，通过建议，指导或强制执行，或以任何其他方式，除非它已似乎有权采取行动的理由不同的优势，教会，要采取谨慎态度，高尚，讲正气，经验，长时间接触教廷，或服务的使徒见。

Although born in poverty, Rouault lived in Paris and once repaired chromatic glass. He saw the poor and humiliated prostitutes; therefore, he understood bitterness of religious life and salvation deeply. But he never saw the painful land as well as the stubborn life in the land.

尽管出生贫寒，但卢奥生活在大都市巴黎，并且在教堂做过学徒修理过彩色玻璃画，他见过大街上苦难的穷人和屈辱的妓女，对宗教生活中的受难与拯救有深刻的体认，但没见过受难的土地，没有见过从土地中生长出来的倔强的生命。

In time came other cities in other places: Harappa and Mohenjodaro in the Indus valley, Memphis and Thebes in Egypt, Yin and Shang cities in China, Mycenae in Greece, Knossos in Crete, Ugarit in Syria and, most spectacularly, Rome, the first great metropolis, which boasted, at its zenith in the third century AD, a population of more than 1m people.

后来在其他地区出现的城市还有：印度河流域的哈拉帕和摩亨约－达罗、古埃及的孟斐斯和西比斯、中国殷商时期古城、希腊的迈锡尼、克利特岛(位于地中海东部，属希腊)的克诺索斯宫、叙利亚的乌加里特以及人类第一个最宏伟壮观的大都市――罗马。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。