大进化

In the majority of cases, multiple clones from individuals resolved as monophyletic, which suggests that different copies of ITS not completely synchronized evolution, the same species of plant palm plants ITS sequences, sometimes far greater than differences between species of palm plants, However, the high levels of homoplasy in the ITS dataset, led to concerns that topologies obtained from these data might be unreliable; 2 Determination of the original 11 categories of Chinese palm plants matK sequences, and comparison with other 8 Chinese palm matK sequence from the NCBI GenBank database.

结果表明：部分棕榈科植物ITS序列种内差异较大，提示其不同ITS拷贝间没有完全实现同步进化，同种棕榈科植物植物ITS序列差异，有时候大于非同种棕榈植物间差异，这种情况下，由ITS序列构建的棕榈科植物系统树可能是不可信的； 2测定了11种中国原生棕榈科植物matK序列，并通过NCBI网站对GenBank数据库检索得到了其它8种中国原生棕榈科植物matK序列。

Based on reproduced dynamic evolutionary game theory model applied in large groups,this paper analysis business and consumers' benefit between different strategies,has been proved that trust problem has its interior root and function mechanism,gives some proposals for the EC's development.

本文发展了博弈论的研究方法，通过建立适用于大群体博弈分析的复制动态进化博弈模型分析了企业和消费者在采用不同策略情况下的双方利益关系和依存状态，得出诚信问题有其内在根源和作用机制，并提出了规范电子商务健康发展的一些建议。

Sparse encoding and amino acid property encoding prevailed in the field. Physicochemical properties such as hydropathy, flexibility, electronic charge concentration and the isotropic surface area of amino acids were picked up as input attributes. Evolution information which is embedded in BLOSUM matrices were tested in the paper.

通过对编码策略的探索，发现不同编码策略对预测准确率有较大影响，并发现基于进化信息的BLOSUM打分矩阵可以用于蛋白质定点突变稳定性预测，具有较高的预测准确率。

Meditations of evolution increasingly vaster: of the moon invisible in incipient lunation, approaching perigee: of the infinite lattiginous scintillating uncondensed milky way, discernible by daylight by an observer placed at the lower end of a cylindrical vertical shaft 5000 ft deep sunk from the surface towards the centre of the earth: of Sirius 10 lightyears (57,000,000,000,000 miles) distant and in volume 900 times the dimension of our planet: of Arcturus: of the precession of equinoxes: of Orion with belt and sextuple sun theta and nebula in which 100 of our solar systems could be contained: of moribund and of nascent new stars such as Nova in 1901: of our system plunging towards the constellation of Hercules: of the parallax or parallactic drift of socalled fixed stars, in reality evermoving wanderers from immeasurably remote eons to infinitely remote futures in comparison with which the years, threescore and ten, of allotted human life formed a parenthesis of infinitesimal brevity.

347关于宇宙日益扩大进化的冥想：新月期的月亮，即使在近地点也看不见。从地表向地轴挖掘纵深五千英尺的圆筒状垂直轴，一个观察者呆在轴底儿上，就连白昼也辨认得出那漫无止境、网络状、亮光闪闪、非凝结性的银河。天狼距地球十光年（五七、000、000、000、000英里）；体积大于地球九百倍；大角；岁差运动；有着"猎户"腰带、六倍于太阳的"伐二"以及星云的猎户座，星云中能容纳我们的一百个太阳系；死去的和新生的星宿，例如一九0 一年的那颗"新星"我们的太阳系正朝着武仙座冲去；所谓恒星的视差或视差移动，也就是说，实际上恒星是在不断地从无限遥远的太古朝无限遥远的未来移动着。相形之下，人的寿命充其量才七十年，不过是无限短暂的一段插曲而已。

Phage display of recombinant human lymphotoxin mutation librariesand receptor affinity screeningContraction of conformable large molecule mutation library is pivotal for molecular evolution study in vitro. In order to extend the range of the screening region of amino acid in LT gene, several receptor binding sites of LT were mutated randomly by overlap PCR amplification with the random nucleotide primers, the R46, S106, L130 combined site-directed random mutation library and R46~A52, S106~F110, R46~A52 + S106~F110 region random mutation libraries of rhLT were constructed successfully.

二。重组人淋巴毒素噬菌体库的构建及受体亲和筛选构建适合的大容量生物大分子变异体文库是进行体外分子进化研究的关键，为了扩大LT基因序列中被筛选的氨基酸范围，我们采用含随机核苷酸序列的引物，通过Overlap PCR的方法对LT的受体结合区域进行多点随机突变，分别构建了rhLT R46+S106+L130三点随机突变组合文库和R46～A52、S106～F110、R46～A52+S106～F110区域随机突变体库。

Larger changes , such as when a new species is formed , are called macroevolution .

大一点的变化，如新物种形成，被称之为宏观进化。

While the details are controversial, and it now appears that many of the major divisions within the Mammalia had already evolved well before the K/T event, there can be little doubt that mass extinctions must have a significant influence on the tree of life and the avenues it will take.

尽管其细节上还存在争议，同时现在看起来许多哺乳动物的主要分支在白垩纪灭绝事件之前就已经进化得很好，但，毫无疑问的，大灭绝一定对于生命树及其选择的道路产生了重大的影响。

There is a considerable mismatch between the world in which our minds evolved and our current existence.

在人类大脑进化的世界与我们目前的生存状态之间存在着非常大的不相匹配。

In the nucleotide of intron there is 0%-1.22% difference among these muntjac deers, and the divergene reached about 1.83% between E. cephalophus and the three species of Muntiacus. Using the software of MEGA to analyse molecular phylogeny, Phylogenetic trees were constructed with neighbor-joining method and maximum parsimony method.

由NJ法和最大简约法构建的进化树表明黑麂与赤麂亲缘关系较近，小麂与他们同为一属但关系较远，而毛冠鹿与它们之间的分化程度已达到属间水平。

At last in this paper, the sequences of CHD-W gene in Chinese Egret, Cattle Egret and Black-faced Spoonbill,and the sequences of CHD-Z gene in Chinese Egret, Large Egret, Intermediate Egret, Cattle Egret, Night Heron and Black-faced Spoodbill were analyzed and used to study their relative and phylogenetic evolution .

本文最后对黄嘴白鹭、牛背鹭和黑脸琵鹭的W染色体上扩增的CHD片段，以及黄嘴白鹭、大白鹭、中白鹭、牛背鹭、夜鹭和黑脸琵鹭Z染色体上扩增的CHD片段进行序列分析并用于亲缘关系及系统进化的研究。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。