大进化

Human trophy hunting for bighorn rams has caused the population to evolve into one of smaller-horn rams.

人类对大角绵羊战利性狩猎使这种大角绵羊进化一种小角羊。

I'd like to believe we have evolved as human beings over the centuries, but honestly, it all still looks like cave-man tactics to me...the females looking for the males with the biggest caves, and the males clunking the females on the head and dragging them back to their lairs by the hair.

人类虽然进化了千百万年，但对我看来，说实话，进攻女人的战术，还真像穴居人的时代。。。。。。女人看中的是男人背后的大穴居，只要你露头来看，男人便会用他们的大辫子一拽，就把你拽进来。

In this study, both the maximum-likelihood methods and the maximum parsimony based sliding window analysis were used to evaluate the molecular evolution of Vip proteins.

本文采用最大似然方法和基于最大简约的滑窗分析对Vip蛋白的分子进化机制进行了评价。

Based on the obtained results, a simulation method for evaluating the performance of multiuser detection on the condition of average, maximal, and minimal partial correlation coefficients is proposed.

进一步分析了平均部分互相关系数的解析表达式并给出了计算方法，采用进化算法求解了最大以及最小部分互相关系数存在的相对时延条件，提出了异步系统中多用户检测在平均、最大以及最小部分互相关系数条件下的性能仿真评估方法。

The molecular results revealed that Tetraogallue has the most closed relationship with Coturnix and Alectoris.

用邻接法、最大简约法和最大拟然法构建了系统进化树，得到了基本相同的拓扑结构。

The vertebrate TSHβ protein sequences had been used to construct Neighbor-joining and Maximum parsimony phylogenetic tree. As analyzed, Andrias davidianus derived from amphibia firstly, which could reflect its original evolutionary status.

采用邻接法和最大简约法对部分脊椎动物TSHβ氨基酸序列构建分子系统树，结果显示有尾目大鲵为两栖动物中较早分化的一支，表明其进化地位较原始。

The journal established in 1991, focuses on the field of macroecology: the study of broad, consistent patterns in the ecological characteristics of organisms and ecosystems, including studies addressing general ecological hypotheses, exploring and testing using data of broad geographic, taxonomic, or temporal scope; studies documenting ecological and biogeographic patterns, theoretical studies exploring the causes of those patterns, applied studies of impacts of anthropogenic influences, as well as methodological studies of the tools used to study these problems; broad-scale patterns of biodiversity, ecosystem responses to global climate change, historical and evolutionary biogeography, remote sensing of ecosystem properties, species abundance and species range patters, and statistical methodologies.

杂志创刊于1991年，主要致力于大生态学：生物体的生态学特征和生态系统广泛一致的研究，包括介绍普通生态学假设，通过地理学，分类学，或有限范围内的数据探索和试验的研究；验证生态学和生物地理学模式的研究，探索这些模式原因的理论研究，人为影响的应用研究，以及用于研究这些问题的工具的方法学研究；大尺度生物多样性模式的研究，生态系统对全球气候变化的反应，历史和进化生物地理学，生态系统的遥测，物种的丰度和物种变化模式，以及统计学方法论。

Rates of nucleotide substitution vary greatly among plant mitochondrial, chloroplast, and nuclear DNAs. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA ［J］.1987, 84 (5):9054.［3］ Ainouche M L, Bayer R. On the origins of the tetraploid Bromus species: insights from internal transcribed spacer sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA［J］.

而山西平遥产山药D= 0.004 76与山西太谷产山药D= 0.004 27基本没有差异，它们和河北安国产山药D= 0.004 36共同与怀山药有较大的同源性，通过ITS序列分析，这几种不同产地的山药之间碱基仅相差几个，提示它们具有同源性；野生山药与种植山药碱基数目相差较大，说明种植山药在驯化过程中产生了变移，使物种更进化。

Result The results show that A+T contents of CO Ⅱ genes of Libellulidae are lower (68.6%) in Insecta, which proves Odonata is an original group. Every sequence includes 2 Cys, which differs from the other groups of Insecta. Do not agree with the view of raising Macrominae into Macromidae. Agree with the views of putting both Aeshnidae and Cordulegastridae into Aeshnidea, and raising Gomphidae into a superfamily. Order of the evolution relationship of 5 families is: Gomphidae→Cordulegastridae→Aeshnidae→Corduliidae→Libellulidae.

结果］CO Ⅱ的A+T含量较低(68.6%)，说明蜻蜓目是一比较原始的类群；每条序列均含有2个半胱氨酸，这一点有别于其他类群昆虫；不支持将大蜻亚科上升为科的观点；支持将大蜓科和蜓科归入蜓总科，而将春蜓科上升为总科的观点；差翅亚目5科之间的进化关系由慢到快依次为：春蜓科→大蜓科→蜓科→伪蜻科→蜻科。

"If fish can do just fine or better with larger otoliths, then there's no great concern," Checkley said. But fish have evolved to have their bodies the way they are.

&如果鱼有了较大的耳石可以生活得同样好或者更好，那么不会引起多大关注，&切克雷说，但是鱼经过进化后身体本来就是那个样子。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。