大进化

As to which one would like to pay the evolutionary cost to develop the mechanism to maintain the system stable, it seems that only the figs developed the mechanism to maintain the system stable by positive regulation to foundress number to be in their fruit cavities.

由于榕树与榕小蜂所竞争的公共资源仅只有榕树所提供，因而维持系统稳定的博弈中榕树所获得利益比榕小蜂大，这样就形成了一个&智猪博弈&，因而维持系统稳定的机制只由一方进化而来。

It often used to solve civil engineering problem, especially for conversion analysis with low sensitive damage index and inspective dates affected by big noise.

对于复杂大自由度系统的反演分析，遗传算法计算量巨大，关键在于进化计算中包含大量正演分析。

The results indicate that the best model for DNA evolution of rbcL sequences in Liliales is GTR+I+G, and the topology of Bayesian tree is similar to those of Maximum parsimonious tree and Neighbor Joining tree, but giving more resolution and higher support values.

结果显示，百合目rbcL基因最适合的DNA进化模型为GTR+I+G，贝叶斯法与距离法和最大简约法构建的系统发育树拓扑结构相似，没有显著差异，但是分辨率和支持率明显比后者高。

When the evolution of consciousness began, there was oneness, in spite of the diversity in illusion. With the growth of consciousness, manyness also went on increasing, until now it is about to overlap the limit.

当七百年之后，我再次到来时，意识进化的程度将如此之高，以至于物质主义倾向将自动转化为灵性渴望，灵性博爱的大同感将会取胜。

Myxobacteria have by far the largest prokaryotic genome and the most abundant secondary metabolites gene clusters. Our Myxobacteria genomics projects will help us understand their value in-depth.

粘细菌具有迄今为止最大的原核生物基因组、最丰富的生物活性次级代谢产物基因群，相关基因组计划的启动与实施将为我们深入研究生物进化、阐明粘细菌分化发育及其社会学行为、开发重要功能基因起到重要的推动作用。

Meditations of evolution increasingly vaster: of the moon invisible in incipient lunation, approaching perigee: of the infinite lattiginous scintillating uncondensed milky way, discernible by daylight by an observer placed at the lower end of a cylindrical vertical shaft 5000 ft deep sunk from the surface towards the centre of the earth: of Sirius 10 lightyears (57,000,000,000,000 miles) distant and in volume 900 times the dimension of our planet: of Arcturus: of the precession of equinoxes: of Orion with belt and sextuple sun theta and nebula in which 100 of our solar systems could be contained: of moribund and of nascent new stars such as Nova in 1901: of our system plunging towards the constellation of Hercules: of the parallax or parallactic drift of socalled fixed stars, in reality evermoving wanderers from immeasurably remote eons to infinitely remote futures in comparison with which the years, threescore and ten, of allotted human life formed a parenthesis of infinitesimal brevity.

347关于宇宙日益扩大进化的冥想：新月期的月亮，即使在近地点也看不见。从地表向地轴挖掘纵深五千英尺的圆筒状垂直轴，一个观察者呆在轴底儿上，就连白昼也辨认得出那漫无止境、网络状、亮光闪闪、非凝结性的银河。天狼距地球十光年（五七、000、000、000、000英里）；体积大于地球九百倍；大角；岁差运动；有着&猎户&腰带、六倍于太阳的&伐二&以及星云的猎户座，星云中能容纳我们的一百个太阳系；死去的和新生的星宿，例如一九0 一年的那颗&新星&我们的太阳系正朝着武仙座冲去；所谓恒星的视差或视差移动，也就是说，实际上恒星是在不断地从无限遥远的太古朝无限遥远的未来移动着。相形之下，人的寿命充其量才七十年，不过是无限短暂的一段插曲而已。

Combined with additional sequences of 20 bivalves and 6 gastropods downloaded from NCBI (National Center of Biological Institution), molecular phylogenetic trees were constructed using 4 Polyplacophora species as outgroup. The result resolved by maximum-parsimony, maximum-likelihood and Bayes-induce methods were in congruent with each other, which indicated that all bivalves formed a monophyletic group clustering with its sister-group, Gastropod.

结果显示：所有双壳纲的种类构成了单系发生的进化枝，与其姐妹群腹足纲聚在一起；双壳纲可以分为异齿亚纲和翼形亚纲两大类群，异齿亚纲是单系发生，翼形亚纲的系统发生关系则随方法的不同有所区别，牡蛎科的位置是造成此差异的主要因素。

The 413 fragments were scored one by one and then used to develop a dendrogram of these Porphyra lines.

利用这413条带进行聚类分析，产生了这15个紫菜系的进化树。15个紫菜系在0.69相似系数水平上分为两大类：一类包括坛紫菜；另一类包括条斑紫菜和少精紫菜。

Uninfected caterpillars pupate into relatively large primitive moths

未被感染的毛虫化蛹变成相应的大的原生的(出现于某一发展或进化早期阶段的或具有其特征的)蛾子。

Spiraeoideae Agardh was the original subfamilia in Rosaceae. There were 22 genera, 280 species in the subfamilia all over the world, and there were 8 genera, 100 species in China.

绣线菊亚科是蔷薇科最原始的亚科，全世界共有22属280余种，包括常绿和落叶两大类群，前者是原始类群，后者是进化类群。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。