大轴

On the basis of direct modelling method by using extended Kalman filter, a new method combining extended Kalman filter with adaptive extended Kalman filter is presented to model gyro drift directly from rotate angle of turntable. Extended Kalman filter has great estimation error, what is more, may be divergent if the model and noise statistic are not accurate or wrong. The new method solves the problem of general extended Kalman filter by using fictious noise with timevarying statistic to compensate the linearized model error of extended Kalman filter. The parameter estimators of single-axis and double-axis servo test are designed from it.

本文深入研究了根据伺服试验数据进行陀螺仪漂移误差模型建模的方法，在应用广义Kalman滤波器直接建模的方法基础上，针对广义Kalman滤波器对于不精确或错误的模型和噪声统计，估计误差较大，甚至滤波发散的缺陷，借助于用带时变噪声统计的虚拟噪声补偿广义Kalman滤波的线性化模型误差的新思想，提出了用广义Kalman滤波和自适应广义Kalman滤波算法相结合的方法由转台的转角数据直接建模陀螺仪漂移误差模型，并设计了陀螺仪单轴伺服和双轴伺服测试时参数估计的滤波器。

To the same kind of rocks, the penetration rate increases with the increases of electric bit thermal power. When electric bit thermal power keeps fixedness, the penetration rate increases in various degrees with the increases of bit load in difference rocks. Increasing the bit load is beneficial to improve the quality of glass hole wall, but the bit load should not be too big.

对于同一种岩石，钻进速度随钻头电热功率的增大而增大；当钻头电热功率不变时，根据所钻岩石岩性的不同，钻进速度随钻头轴载的增大而不同程度地增大，增加钻头轴载有利于提高玻璃状孔壁的质量，但不宜过大。

The fault-plan solutions for the two events of the injection-induced microearthquakes were determined by using the first-motion′s direction of P waves from records of the KTB surface stations the focal mechanism at 5.1 km: the nodal planes Ⅰ, strike 30°, dip 46°, slip 10°; the nodal planes Ⅱ: strike 293°, dip 83°, slip 136°; T-axis: azimuth 241°, plunge 35°; P-axis: azimuth 349°,plunge 24°.

用KTB地面台网记录的资料和P波初动方向得到了这次注水诱发地震中两个大地震的震源机制解。其中震源深度为5.1km的地震，其节面Ⅰ参数为：走向30°，倾角46°，滑动角10°；其节面Ⅱ参数为：走向293°，倾角83°，滑动角136°；T轴方位角：241°，倾角：35°；P轴方位角：349°，倾角：24°。

The optimization result shows that the maximal attack area is an ellipse of 17 km half long axis and 10 km half short axis, and it is better than the conclusion of a lot of simulation researches aiming at this warhead, and it can offer reference for further design of reentry trajectory.

优化结果表明，最大可攻击区范围是一个长半轴为17 km，短半轴为10 km的椭圆区域，此结果优于针对该弹头进行的大量弹道仿真所得的结论，可为进一步弹道设计提供参考依据。

Theobserved strain is 10~2 times as local point strain at the same observed stress.This indicates that macroscopical symmetrical rock is quasi-brittle materialwith microcosmic heterogeneousness and its macroscopical mechanicalbehavior is the results of reciprocity and magnification between microcosmiccharacteristic, not simple sum.(4) The degree of irregularity of strain increases with the number of cycle.But degree of irregularity of transverse strain fluctuates larger at the samecycle. Moreover degree of irregularity of transverse strain is larger than that ofaxial strain. This shows that deformation and failure of rock is process ofevolvement of small crack. Small crack evolves from even and out-of-orderstatus to heterogeneous and ordinal status.(5) Ultrasonic speed decreases with the number of cycle. The decreasecourse is such: Firstly, ultrasonic speed fluctuates in a steady scope in somecycles; And then ultrasonic speed quickly decreases to a certain more smallvalue; Afterwards in succedent cycles, ultrasonic speed fluctuates about thevalue. That is to say, ultrasonic speed fluctuates and decreases at intervals ofcycles. In deformation process of rock, quantitative change and qualitativechange of its small crack evolvement carry through crosswise.(6) Strength and modulus of rock decrease with exponential function asscale of specimens increases.

同一表观应力下，局部点应变与表观应变相差可达2个数量级，表明宏观上均匀的岩石是具有细观特征的准脆性材料，其宏观力学行为是细观特征相互作用、放大的综合结果，而不是简单的叠加；(4)岩样轴向应变不均匀程度和横向应变不均匀程度随循环次数的增加渐进增大，但是在同一个循环内，横向应变离散系数随应力的变化波动较大，且同一循环级别下，横向应变不均匀程度大于轴向应变不均匀程度，表明岩石内部微裂纹的演化是岩石变形破坏的本质特征，这一演化表现为微裂纹从均匀无序分布逐渐向非均匀有序发展；(5)随循环次数的增加，所有岩样内部超声波速会出现衰减，衰减过程表现为在某几次循环内超声波速在某一相对范围内波动，然后急剧减小到某一较小值，在随后的循环内，超声波速又会保持在这一较小值附近波动，即超声波速表现为波动和急剧减小间隔形式衰减，表明从宏观看来平稳的岩石变形过程，内部结构演化过程(微裂纹发展及其相互作用)却表现为均匀量变和突发质变不断交叉进行的现象；(6)岩石强度和弹性模量随尺度增大呈指数函数规律减小。

Since MCT photon device s are working under natural environment,the input and output characteristics appear unstable resulted from the enormous change in temperature,which will greatly influence the accuracy of MCT hotbox detector for measuring axle temperature.

MCT 光子器件工作在自然环境下，环境温度变化幅度大，导致MCT 光子器件的输入输出特性不稳定，严重影响MCT轴温探测器探测铁道车辆轴温的精度。

Since MCT photon devices are working under natural environment, the input and output characteristics appear unstable resulted from the enormous change in temperature, which will greatly influence the accuracy of MCT hotbox detector for measuring axle temperature.

MCT光子器件工作在自然环境下，环境温度变化幅度大，导致MCT光子器件的输入输出特性不稳定，严重影响MCT轴温探测器探测铁道车辆轴温的精度。

A new antibody releasing system has been developed by covalently attachingIgG to the biodegradable hyaluronic acid hydrogel via the hydrolyticallyunstable hydrazone linkage, aiming to deliver the antibody of CNS regenerationinhibitors to the injured brain. Furthermore, pH sensitive linkage-hydrozone has beenformed between hydrogel and antibody.

这一将该材料植入成年缺损大鼠的大脑皮层后，该材料具有良好的神经相容性，能够抑制胶质瘢痕的形成，并能诱导神经胶质细胞的迁移进入材料，为轴突的再生提供良好的生物为环境，促进神经轴突长入将改性后的水凝胶。

According to analysis of roots locus,fast excitation tends to decrease damping of power systems which is controlled by AVR than slow excitation.But eigenvalues of power system are far from imaginary axis and strong damping is obtained when fast excitation system is added.

在高放大倍数的AVR控制下，快速励磁较慢速励磁更容易恶化系统阻尼；但是在同时附加励磁控制的情况下，快速励磁可使系统的机电模式根轨迹远离虚轴，机电模式阻尼较大；而慢速励磁下，系统机电模式根轨迹接近虚轴，机电模式阻尼较小，快速励磁优于慢速励磁。

Nonlinear finite element analysis of rubber-rigid spheres bearing has been performed aiming at rubber′s characteristics of large deflection and nearly incompressibility.

针对橡胶的大变形及接近不可压缩的特点，笔者对工程中常用的橡胶-刚球支座进行非线性有限元分析，得出支座受轴向拉伸时的刚度与轴向变形关系。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。