大艺术家

From wardens to deaf-blind people, from enterprises to media, from Sun Li, Deng Chao to former basketball player Ma Jian, from Badminton world champion Gong Ruina, and Chess master Liu Xiaoguang to actor Liu Bin, He Bin, singer Tian Zhen and Fu Disheng couple, from Zhao Pu, Chunni to journalists in Beijing, from foreign students to foreign guests, from volunteer stations to tourist sites, from office buildings to Olympic stadiums, from busy streets to ordinary communities, over 100,000 people dressed in the same Olympic shirt hand printed by artists and celebrities, unfurling Chinese people's passion and hospitality by showing direction to foreign friends and so forth, without even language communication."Olympic Shirt Direction Guider" made up unique scenery from the city, warm praises came from central government, multi-media, business units and institutions, ordinary citizens, foreign friends, political leaders abroad, athletes and foreign media; massive media coverage from CCTV, Xinhua News Agency, People's Daily, Global Times, BTV, CRI, Top 3 Agencies, Beijing Youth, JB News Media, Southern City Daily, Big River, Xinmin Evening, Qian River Evening, Yangzi Evening, Chinese Merchants, Yanzhao Evening, Sina.com, Sohu.com, MSN.com, Chinanews.com, Phoenix TV, Takungpao, Lianhe Zaobao, China Times, New York Times, Mirror of Germany, Guardian of Britain, Europe Times of France, BBC, CNN and so on, all jointly promoted Beijing and Chinese people's friendly, hospitable image to the world.

上到区长下到聋哑百姓，从企业到媒体，从孙俪邓超到前篮球运动员马建，从世界羽毛球冠军龚睿娜、围棋大师刘晓光到演员刘斌和何冰、歌手田震和付笛声夫妇，从赵普春妮到京城媒体记者，从留学生到留学客，从志愿者站到旅游景点，从写字楼到奥运场馆，从繁华街道到普通社区，近10万人穿上一件由艺术家和社会名人手绘的地图"奥衫"，在不用语言交流的情况下，为初次来京的外国朋友指路，展现中国人的热情好客，"指路奥衫"成为奥运会期间京城一道独特的风景线，受到中央政府、媒体各界、企事单位、普通百姓、外国友人、国际政客、运动员、国外媒体等各行各业的大力赞赏；包括中央台、新华社、人民日报、环球时报、北京台、国际广播电台、国际三大社、北青报、京报集团下各大媒体、南都、大河报、新民晚报、钱江晚报、扬子晚报、华商报、燕赵晚报、新浪网、搜狐网、 MSN 网、中新网、凤凰卫视、香港大公报、联合早报、中国时报、纽约时报、德国镜报、英国卫报、法国欧洲时报、 BBC 、 CNN 等近百家国内外媒体大篇幅报道，将中国北京和中国人民的友好热情与良好形象推广到了全世界。

During the Flavian and Antonine dynasties,the events that the army intervened the political life took place scarcely because of the strengthening of the power of emperors and the consolidation of monarchy,the changing of the composition of the army,the improvement of the soldiers' treatment and service conditions,as well as the valid control of emperors to the army.the Roman army kept stable in the majority time of these two dynasties.

从几乎保存完好的万神庙（始建于公元前27年，118年至128年重建）——地中海古代文明唯一保留下来的园顶建筑，到宏伟的罗马斗兽场（完工于80年）——古代最大的圆形露天剧场，是角斗士角斗和其他表演的舞台，整个城市到处可见由著名艺术家建造的宏伟历史建筑、广场、喷泉和方尖碑。罗马市-维基百科，自由的百科全书罗马市作为欧洲最大的文化城市之一，拥有伊特鲁里亚时代至今不计其数的历史遗迹，是伊特鲁里亚时代王朝和罗马早期至晚期的历史见证，罗马帝国同样也给这座城市留下了无数珍贵的历史财富。

The truth is that there are few well-off Singaporean artists.

但事实上新加坡的艺术家没几个是大富大贵的。

However, during New Trend '85, Gu Wenda differentiated himself from most artists of Chinese Painting of the time and showed his contemporary consciousness by experimenting on traditional ink painting materials and techniques. This brought out a new possibility for the contemporaneity of Chinese Painting. Since then, unremitting efforts have been made to "modernize" Chinese Painting through traditional abstract elements like ink-wash and Calligraphy. These efforts streamed into a new trend called "modern ink"(or "abstract ink","experimental ink") in late 1980's, though seemed not widely acknowledged for its resemblance to Abstract Expressionism of 1960's and 1970's American art. What is interesting is that while some artists are endeavoring to "westernize" their art, a new trend grouped as "Neo-literati Painting" appears with very traditional form and mood. This can be explained as a group of people's resistance to the reformation of traditional culture as well as their nostalgia to traditional ideals. However, this school tends to be artificial for the absence of the particular context, and the expression with traditional brushwork is also regionally limited. Of all the efforts of reformation, Chinese Painting that accordingly adopts the tradition heads the list because of the cultural identification of the big number of population and greater market as a result of the economic growth of China. Meanwhile, the immense conservative inertia of traditional Chinese culture can also be detected.

在"现代艺术"风起云涌的"85新潮"中，谷文达以传统水墨的材料和方法表达出不同于当时大多数中国画艺术家们这种文化心态和文化认知的现代意识，为中国画的现代性提供了一种方案；以水墨、还有选择中国传统书法的抽象因素等可能来进行现代性探索，一直是中国画连绵的努力，在80年代后期汇聚成"现代水墨"（又或曰"抽象水墨"、"实验水墨"），是中国画的又一流向，但是不是没有脱离60、70年代美国的"抽象主义"意义，反而还有了拾人牙慧之嫌，所以始终难以获得更大的认可和成功；很有趣的是，与此"西化"流向同时的，还有以非常传统的方式出现的"新文人画"潮流，或许可以把这看着是部分中国文化人在中国以西方为参照的新文化背景下对之的抵制，对传统理想的怀念和诉求，但由于已经失去了其语境和环境，"新文人画"显得娇情和造作，而且这种以非常地域化的传统笔墨语言来表现的方式也失去了更为普遍化的可能；反而是延续传统一脉的国画，由于有巨大的人数基础的本土文化的认同，在中国经济发展后有了更大的市场，所以还是蔚然为中国画的一大潮向，从这也可以看到中国文化承传的保守性的力量。

There were soft rugs, rich, upholstered chairs and divans, a grand piano, a marble carving of some unknown Venus by some unknown artist, and a number of small bronzes gathered from heaven knows where, but generally sold by the large furniture houses along with everything else which goes to make the perfectly appointed house.

房间里铺了柔软的地毯，还有华贵的沙发椅和长沙发，一架大钢琴，一座无名艺术家雕的维纳斯大理石雕像，一些不知道从哪里收集来的小铜器饰物摆设。不过这类东西和别的一些小玩意儿，那些大的家俱店一般都有出售，都是构成&尽善尽美家庭住宅&不可缺的。

There were soft rugs, rich, upholstered chairs divans, a grand piano, a marble carving of some unknown Venus by some unknown artist, a number of small bronzes gathered from heaven knows where, 8ttt8.com generally sold by the large furniture houses along with everything else which goes to make the "perfectly appointed house."

房间里铺了柔软的地毯，还有华贵的沙发椅和长沙发，一架大钢琴，一座无名艺术家雕的维纳斯大理石雕像，一些8 tt t8.com 不知道从哪里收集来的小铜器饰物摆设。不过这类东西和别的一些8 tt t8.com 小玩意儿，那些大的家俱店一般 SsbbwW.com 都有出售，都是构成&尽善尽美家庭住宅&不可缺的。

The 28-year-old Wu Junyong, having big eyes, a big mouth and a shaved head, looks thin but keen-witted. Only one and a half years ago, he was still unknown in the artist circle.

仅一年半以前，这位瘦小精练、大眼睛大嘴的28岁光头青年还是艺术家群体中默默无闻的一位。

A few months ago I visited the art museum they completed in 2006 in Dafen, a Shenzhen neighborhood where artists can be found in narrow alleyways painting kitschy reproductions of everything from contemporary Chinese works to old European masters.

几个月前我曾访问了他们2006年设计的大芬美术馆。大芬是深圳的一个社区，以其在狭窄的小街里聚集了大批的艺术家摹仿复制从现代中国到西方古典的名画著称。

She is a nationally recognized artist who splits her time between her family ranch, the Lazy K Bar, near Melville, Montana, and her photographic studio in Santa Fe, New Mexico.

她是一个经国家认可的艺术家，她将她的时间一分为二，一半分给位于蒙大拿梅尔维尔附近的家中农场，懒惰 K 酒吧，而另一半则分给位于新墨西哥州圣大菲的摄影工作室。

She is a nationally recognized artist who splits her time between her family ranch, the Lazy K Bar, near Melville, Montana, and her photographic studio in Santa Fe, New Mexico.

她是一个经国家认可的艺术家，她将她的时间一分为二，一半分给位於蒙大拿梅尔维尔附近的家中农场，懒惰 K 酒吧，而另一半则分给位於新墨西哥州圣大菲的摄影工作室。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。