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In addition, some experience formulas for them are regressed. The third chapter establishes a unified S-N curve equation to calculate multi-axial fatigue ultimate strength of concrete considering both the effect of confinement and minimum/maximum stress ratio, based on the triaxial fatigue test data in this paper and the test results under uniaxial and biaxial fatigue loading in previous literatures. Moreover, the consistency of calculating condition fatigue ultimate strength with fatigue life distribution and initial ultimate strength distribution is analyzed.

第二章简要地介绍了本文三轴疲劳试验装置,进行了两向等侧压约束下混凝土立方体试件三轴受压等幅和变幅疲劳试验,分析了三轴受压疲劳破坏机理,给出了相应的疲劳破坏试验判断标准;得到了混凝土在两向侧压约束下单级和多级受压疲劳的变形发展规律,包括最大纵向应变、残余应变、最大纵向应变率和疲劳变形模量等随循环次数的发展规律以及疲劳损伤的演变规律,并给出了相应的经验公式。

Results (1) Osteitis and destruction of end-plate showed long T1 and long T2.(2) Anterior and lateral abscess had long T1 and long T2 presenting even and structure-less signal.(3) The intervertebral discs showed normal or only degeneration at the early stage, and destroyed at later stage.(4) With Gd-DTPA enhancement, fibrotic granulation around abscess and destroyed area was well demonstrated.(5) Abscess in the bone and/or paraspinal abscess, destruction of end-plate were the important evidence for early diagnosis.

结果 (1)椎体骨炎及终板破坏呈长T1长T2信号,(2)椎旁或椎前冷脓肿呈长T1长T2均匀无结构信号,且上下跨越范围较大,(3)早期椎间盘信号正常或只出现退变,晚期则被破坏,(4)Gd-DTPA增强扫描可清楚显示冷脓肿周围纤维肉芽组织及椎管内侵犯,(5)骨内小脓肿和/或椎旁脓肿、椎体终板破坏是MRI诊断早期脊柱结核的重要依据。

Mol·L~(-1) individually and also with both heavy metals present. Plasmolysis, concentrated cytoplasm, disappear ance of the cristae of mitochondria, ambiguity of framework and destruction of mitochondria envelope were all symptoms of root cells under Cu stress; hollowing cells was also found in Cd treatment, and there existed some different granule in these hollowing cells.

铜使根细胞产生质壁分离、细胞质浓缩、部分细胞空泡化,使线粒体脊突消失、结构模糊、外膜破坏;镉使根细胞空泡化,并在部分空泡化的细胞里产生大小不等的颗粒状物;铜、镉交互污染使根细胞受害程度加深,并兼有两者的受害症状特征:线粒体结构彻底破坏、空泡化细胞里的颗粒物更大电子密度更高、质壁分离现象更普遍、质膜上的颗粒物沉淀更大。

The shearing failure of structural plane is considered to be corresponding to the maximum of real contact area, a criterion is given to distinguish the shearing failure of structural plane and a new select method of shear strength is brought forward subsequently; Examine the influence of geometrical features and thickness of weak intercalation on the integrative strength of weak structural plane based on the composing of basic strengths, formative mechanism of shearing plane and failure pattern; and present the quantitative relation between the strength and thickness.

4详细研究了依附型滑动面中的硬性结构面和软弱结构面力学特性和破坏模式,对硬性结构面引入摩擦学中的粘着摩擦理论,着重研究结构面在剪切过程中实际接触面的变化规律,提出实际接触面积的最大点即为强度破坏点,并结合实际数据进行了验证;对软弱结构面则从其基本强度的组成、内部剪切面的形成机理和破坏模式入手,研究了结构面的几何特性、夹层厚度和强度关系对软弱结构面综合强度值的影响,并给出了定量关系式。

According to the theory of reaction spectrum, equations of seismic force and shearing force are obtained.

所以,对爆破地震波作用下民房的破坏进行分析,搞清其破坏过程和机制,在不造成对民房破坏的情况下,可最大限度地快速

And the results indicate that the principal stress directions in study area are mainly NE-SW, and the second substage tectonic twist made the direction deflect from North to East, but the primary direction changed little; tectonic activities during the O〓~S~D stage is some violent, most of the area are under high stresses status, and rock fracture degree is correspondingly higher, as coinciding with the drill cores observation, i.

通过数值分析,模拟了塔中Ⅰ号断裂带和塔中45井三维模拟区O〓灰岩的构造应力场和应变场,结果表明:研究区主应力方向为北东~南西向,第二期的构造扭动使其由北向东发生了一定的偏转,但总的方位变化不大;O〓~S~D时期,塔中地区构造运动较强,研究区大部分处于高应力状态,岩石破裂程度较高,而岩芯观察结果也证实了这一结果,即O〓灰岩地层中早期形成的构造结构面比较发育,单个结构面的规模也较大;C~P时期,岩石的破坏程度较早期有所提高,主要表现在两个方面,一是各局部区岩石的破坏程度普遍有所提高;二是各个级别破裂区的分布范围相应地扩大了;研究区应力分布表现出明显的不均匀性,特别是剪应力,无论是O〓~S~D时期,还是C~P时期,都有很大的差异性,特别是在小断层的端部,剪应力比较集中,而且在断层的两盘,剪应力方向和大小都变化极快。

Many structural deficiencies and mistakes were highlighted, which including excessive horizontal displacement in the ground, more severe damaged transition layer (the first masonry structure layer), ground with farraginous structure, and poor construction quality. Finally, lateral stiffness ratio of the second to ground story in masonry buildings with RC frame structure at the bottom will be optimized following difference of materials between the ground floor and the upper floors. The strength and the ductility of transition layer, as well as shear walls in the ground floor, are crucial to keep the building standing during large earthquake.

在介绍和总结了汶川地震中底框砖房的表现―底层过大的水平侧移、过渡层严重破坏或完全坍塌、底层严重破坏或房屋完全倒塌、上部砌体整体发生侧移、以及设计一和施工质量良好的底层抗震墙砖房&大震不倒&的基础上,得出以下结论和建议:在抗震设防地区应禁止使用部分底框砖房,地震中过渡层的实际受力情况与设计所采用的受力状态有明显的区别,规范应考虑砌体和钢筋混凝土材料的不同力学性质来制定上下层刚度比要求,明确对过渡层的延性和强度要求,明确该类结构抗震概念设计的具体措施。

Results:(1) FSN can inhibit secondary joints swelling and multi-arthritis evidently, improve the whole condition of rats; at the same time, it can also lighten the synovial inflammation and hyperplasia of lesion joints distinctly, and prevent the joint cartilage and bone from destruction; the collective efficiency of FSN is better than TWP.(2) FSN can raise AA rats low LTT of spleen to normal nearly, remedy the disorder of Th / Ts and Thl / Th2 cells balance in peripheral blood, restrain exorbitant TNF- a ? IL-1 produced by PM O , thereof exert anti-inflammatory and immunoregulation effect.(3) Inside the lesion joints, FSN can depress abnormal hyper-expression of TNF- a mRNA and NF-kB in synovial tissues, as well as advance the expression of Caspase-3 (a proteolytic enzyme of apoptosis), reduce synovial immflamination and proliferation.(4) FSN can lower the expression of VEGF in synovial tissue,reduce neogenetic veins, so inhibit the growth of pannus tissue and the damage of cartilage and bone by that.(5) The above effect of FSN are in proportion to its dosage.Conclusions: FSN has inhibitory effects on symptom and condition of experimental RA, which is better than TWP as a whole.

结果:(1)FSN有明显的抗炎作用,可显著抑制AA大鼠足跖肿胀与多关节炎,改善大鼠的全身情况,同时明显减轻病变关节滑膜炎症与增生,防止关节软骨及骨质的破坏,其综合作用优于TWP;(2)FSN还能使AA大鼠低下的脾LTT恢复至接近正常,纠正外周血中T细胞亚群Th/Ts及Th1/Th2平衡紊乱,抑制大鼠PHφ过高的TNF-α、IL-1分泌,而发挥抗炎和免疫调节作用;(3)在病变关节局部,FSN能显著抑制AA大鼠滑膜细胞异常增高的TNF-αmRNA的表达,降低滑膜组织中NF-kB表达,并增加凋亡蛋白酶Caspase-3表达,从而抑制滑膜的炎症与增殖;(4)FSN还可下调滑膜组织中VEGF表达,减少血管新生,由此抑制血管翳的形成及其对软骨和软骨下骨的侵蚀;(5)FSN的上述作用皆呈现一定的量效依赖关系,高剂量组作用优于低剂量组。

All previous wind disaster investigations have substantiated that higher wind-induced internal pressure in the case of sudden opening due to destruction of windows or doors during hurricane is one of the major cautions for collapse of fastigiums and roofs.

研究表明,建筑物突然开孔时的内压脉冲对结构安全威胁很大,对于已经存在开孔的结构的屋盖由于受到内外压的共同作用要比开孔前承受更大的风荷载,从而解释了台风或者飓风期间建筑物门窗突然破坏时容易进一步造成屋盖破坏的现象。

The elastoplastic dynamic behaviors of space lattice structures are thoroughly analyzed under multiple support excitation and simple support excitation.

通过对极限加速度峰值、最大节点位移时程、塑性杆件数量和分布及网壳破坏形态这些重要参数的统计、对比、分析和归纳,剖析了大跨空间网格结构在多点输入和一致输入下的强度破坏机理。

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As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸,那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛,她便会相信,他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失

But because of its youthful corporate culture—most people are hustled out of the door in their mid-40s—it had no one to send.

但是因为该公司年轻的企业文化——大多数员工在40来岁的时候都被请出公司——一时间没有好的人选。