大洋盆地

Writing in the January 4 issue of Science, Paul Silver of the Carnegie Institution's Department of Terrestrial Magnetism and former postdoctoral fellow Mark Behn (now at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution) point out that most of today's subduction zones are located in the Pacific Ocean basin.

研究者指出，今天我们大多数的俯冲带位于太平洋大洋盆地。

Himalaya, which formed on the basement of the Pan-African orogenic event at about 550 Ma BP and experienced Ordovician to Devonian platform sedimentation, was transformed into to a back-arc extensional-rifted zone at the end of the Carboniferous. The Yarlung Zangbo ophiolitic mélange zone is a Mesozoic back-arc spreading basin corresponding to the Gangdise paleo-island arc zone on the south side of the Tethyan Ocean. The Gangdise zone experienced island-arc orogeny in the Late Paleozoic. The very significant differences in geology on both sides of the Bangong Co-Nujiang suture zone suggest that the suture zone is not only the northern boundary of Gondwanaland and the boundary between the Indian (Yunnan-Tibet) stratigraphic realm and the South China (Qiangtang-Sanjiang) stratigraphic realm, but also the relics of subductional collision and final extinction of the Phanerozoic Tethyan Ocean after the breakup of the Neoproterozoic supercontinent Rodinia. The basic point of study of the collisional orogenic processes of the plateau is the structure and composition of the archipelagic arc-basin tectonic realm of three different stages bounded by three rigid paleocontinental blocks (Gondwanaland, Laurasia and Pan-Cathaysian) and the mutual constraining, transformation and coupling of various material movement forms.

喜马拉雅奠基于5.5亿年左右的泛非造山事件基底上，历经奥陶纪至泥盆纪台地沉积，并于石炭纪末转化为印度板块北缘的弧后伸展裂陷带；雅鲁藏布江蛇绿混杂岩带曾是特提斯大洋南侧与冈底斯古岛弧带相对应的中生代弧后扩张盆地；冈底斯带曾经历了晚古生代岛弧造山作用；班公湖-怒江带两侧大量地质特征重大差异表明，班公湖-怒江带是冈瓦纳大陆北界，是印度地层区和华南地层区的分界，是新元古代Rodinia超大陆解体后显生宙特提斯大洋俯冲，消减，碰撞，最后消亡的遗迹。

1:250000 geological mapping has further revealed the mysteries of the tectonics of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The Altun Mountains are not of the Tarim massif, but a part of the Kunlun-Qilian-Qinling orogenic system; the Altun fault is a large transform fault; the Muztag-Maqên suture zone and Jinshajiang suture zone are both Variscan ones; the Songpan-Garzê area in the Triassic was a huge turbidite basin on the southern margin of Laurasia; the Gangdise belt underwent the important Indosinian orogenic movement; an ocean basin that persisted from the Paleozoic to Triassic did not exist, i.e. the so-called Paleo-Tethys or permanent Tethys was not in existence in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In the Paleozoic, most parts of China, including the Sino-Korean, Yangtze and Tarim massifs and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, were located in south of the main ocean basin—the Central Asian-Mongolian sea way—of the Paleo-Asia ocean, belonging to the northern margin of Gondwana. The Yarlung Zangbo and Bangong -Nujiang belts were twins in the Tethyan Ocean, which began to develop into two ocean rift belts in the Triassic. The Tethyan Ocean with the Yarlung Zangbo belt as the main ocean basin belt began to be subducted in the Late Triassic and experienced a process of pulsatory plate convergence orogeny including the Indosinian, Yanshanian and Himalayan stages.

1：25万地质填图进一步揭开了青藏高原地区大地构造的奥秘：阿尔金山是昆仑，祁连-秦岭造山系的一部分；阿尔金断裂确是一条大型转换断层；木孜塔格-玛沁缝合带和金沙江缝合带均是华力西缝合带；松潘甘孜三叠系沉积盆地是劳亚大陆南部边缘的浊积岩盆地；冈底斯带曾经历了重要的印支造山运动；不存在从古生代延续到三叠纪的大洋盆地，即不存在所谓古特提斯或永久特提斯；古生代时期，在青藏高原地区亦不存在具古生物，古地理分隔意义的大洋盆地，当时，包括中朝，扬子，塔里木以及青藏高原地区在内的中国大部分均位于古亚洲洋主洋盆——中亚-蒙古带之南，属冈瓦纳大陆结构复杂的北部边缘；雅鲁藏布江和班公湖-怒江带是特提斯洋中的孪生姊妹，它们均是从三叠纪起就发展成大洋裂谷带的；以雅鲁藏布江带为主洋盆带的特提斯洋，从三叠纪晚期开始消减，经历了印支，燕山，喜马拉雅3个阶段脉动式板块汇聚造山过程。

Metabasic volcanic rocks are a transitional type between island-arc tholeiite and mid-oceanic tholeiite.

而变质基性火山岩属于岛弧拉斑玄武岩与大洋拉斑玄武岩的过渡类型，它们形成于拉张盆地。

There are two branches stretched into China from Tethys during Cenomanian–Turonian in the Cretaceous, including the south branch, where occurred OAE2 in the Tibetan region, and north branch, where existed OAE2 in the southwestern of Tarim Basin too, thus it provided another evidence for OAE2's globality.

白垩纪Cenomanian-Turonian时期古特提斯海伸向我国的南北两个分支，其南支在西藏地区存在OAE2大洋缺氧事件，而北支在塔里木盆地西部也存在OAE2事件，这对丰富我国白垩纪事件研究、进行全球白垩纪OAE2大洋缺氧事件对比及其成因机制的探讨、查清塔里木盆地白垩纪古环境和烃源岩大规模形成的古气候控制因素以及白垩纪海相生物群演化、更替及其与重大地质事件的联系等具重要意义。

The Middle Proterozoic Caiziyuan peridotite was formed in the epicontinental basin at the ocean-land boundary or within-continent rift basin. Its mantle source could be metasomatized by the dehydration fluid of subducted plate, and much initial radioactive 〓Nd was added to the source.

中元古代菜子园橄榄岩形成于洋陆交界的陆缘盆地或与大洋相连的陆内裂陷盆地，其源区可能受到俯冲板块脱水流体的交代作用，有大量初始放射性〓Nd加入。

Negative Ce anomaly is one of diagnostic criteria of geotectonic setting of silicalite. Silicalite in Golug, Xinrenlang and Lhazê in the Gangdisê tectonic belt is characterized by unclear negative Ce anomaly characteristic of epicontinental or neritic sediment, while silicalite in Gyüzê La-Jiaqing area is characterized by weak negative Ce anomaly characteristic of sediment in transitional belt between oceanic basin and continental margin.

硅质岩Ce异常特征是构造背景判别的最有效的手段之一，冈底斯构造带谷露、新认朗与拉孜地区的硅质岩Ce负异常不明显，属大陆边缘或浅海环境，而九子拉家青地区的硅质岩具弱的Ce负异常，属大洋盆地与大陆边缘之间的过渡环境中的沉积。

Then on the basis of study results about regional geology, ophiolite,structure,and seismic depth-sounding in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau and its adjacent areas, this paper promotes a new model to interpret tectonics.This new model thinks that in this large area there was not simple B-type subduction which is accompanied with ocean-floor spreading at mid-ocean ridges to form ocean basins appearing as new oceans and new ocean plates,but intercontinental seas due to ocean-floor spreading,obduction of ophiolite tectonic slice as oceanic crust slabs and complex A-type subduction of continental lithosphere slabs.

而后又以青藏高原及邻区为例，根据区域地质、蛇绿岩和地质构造研究的成果，特别是地震测深研究的成果，详细地论证了本区不存在有大洋中脊扩张成为大洋盆地的新大洋和大洋板块简单的B型俯冲模式，但存在有海底扩张的陆间海和海洋地壳板片的仰冲以及大陆岩石圈板片复杂的A型俯冲新模式。

The basin of the ocean is earth; what part of myself contains, restrains and forms the shape and movement of my thoughts?

远在大洋盆地是地球，什么部分包含我自己，约束和形式的形状和我的想法移动？

The collision of India and Africa with Eurasia between 30 and 50 million years ago closed an ocean basin known as Tethys," says Silver."

但是我们对俯冲带的形成知之甚少。30-50百万年之前的印度和非洲板块和欧亚板块的碰撞，闭合了我们所谓的特提斯大洋盆地。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。