大建筑物

Take full account of the new sections of road to airport planning and coordination, as far as possible around the power to avoid a number of important facilities and buildings, then the original starting point for North and South Airport Road, north along the river channel distribution, the end of Station Road in the South and水泊provincial highway 804 phase, line length of 1763 meters, the road净宽24.5 meters, two-way four-lane, according to a standard design the construction of the road;水泊transform large sections of Interchange Interchange ramp and a long range of 1000 meters of the 804 provincial highway, the section of the transformation works for Covering 44,000 square meters of the road.

新建路段充分考虑路线走向与机场规划的协调，尽量绕避一些重要的电力设施和建筑物，起点接原机场南北路，向北沿河道展布，终点在大水泊公路站南与804省道相接，线路总长1763米，路面净宽24.5米，双向四车道，按一级路标准设计建造；改造路段为大水泊互通立交匝道和立交范围内长1000米的804省道，该路段改造工程为44000平方米的路面罩面。

Damsite selection of Yilan Navigation Hydro- junction on Songhuajiang River;2. Study on the general layout scheme for reinforcement and extension project of Guoyang junction sluice;3. The river reach of Dadingzishan Navigation-power junction engineering is characterized by wide grade II terrace,large distance between the two dikes,thick covering of river bed,and strong movability and permeability of riverbed,and the overall layout is the essence of construction of low-head navigation-power junction on the reach.

松花江大顶子山航电枢纽工程河段具有Ⅱ级台地宽、两岸堤距大、河床覆盖层厚、河床质可动性及渗透性强等特点，该河段兴建低水头航电枢纽工程其总体布置是关键，利用正态物理模型(11∶00)及遥控自航船模等研究手段，对大顶子山航电枢纽工程预可、工可、初步设计及施工图设计等阶段枢纽总体布置进行了多方案比选，提出枢纽主要建筑物布置：自右岸依次为船闸、10孔泄水闸、电站、28孔泄水闸及土坝。

First mostly contraposing hull deck structure it goes along FEA analysis, discuss the different influence degree of calculational results between the different simplifications of the mathematical model, thereinto mostly analyse five different simplifications of the deck model; Second contraposing hold section and hull deck structure it goes along FEA analysis together, discuss the different influence degree of calculational results between the different elements style, gridding number and gridding density, thereinto mostly analyse the difference between adopting 8 node shell element and 4 node shell element, nondense gridding and thick gridding, and numerous gridding number and few gridding number, In the end mostly contraposing hold section structure it goes along FEA analysis, discuss the different influence degree of calculational results between the different boundary conditions, thereinto mostly analyse the difference between adopting CCS boundary conditions and LR boundary conditions.

首先主要针对船体甲板结构进行分析研究，讨论结构简化不同对有限元计算结果的影响程度，其中主要研究分析了五种不同甲板结构简化模型；紧接着针对舱段与甲板结构一起进行分析研究，讨论单元类型，网格数量与密度的不同对有限元计算结果的影响程度，其中主要研究分析了分别采用8节点板壳单元与4节点板壳单元的不同，以及分别采用疏的网格与密的网格，多的网格数量与少的网格数量的计算结果的差异。最后主要针对舱段模型进行分析研究，讨论不同的边界条件对有限元计算结果的影响程度，其中主要研究分析了分别采用CCS舱段边界条件与LR舱段边界条件进行有限元计算而带来的结果上的差异。本文第二部分为港工建筑物中的大直径薄壁圆筒结构的有限元比较分析。在研究大圆筒的有限元比较分析中，主要讨论用不同的网格密度与数量来划分网格引起的差异。其中用了网格密，数量多与网格疏，数量少两种模型进行大圆筒结构的有限元分析对比

So far as Dalong Water Control Project is concerned, the dam site is located in an area with an undulant landform, the coverage of the structures concerned is large and the appurtenant works to be completed before flood season are many with close interrelations.

大隆水利枢纽工程坝区地形起伏显著，建筑物覆盖面大，汛前竣工的分部工程多且相互关系紧密。

The tallest and most dramatic among such grand-scale construction projects, however, is none other than La Grande Arche. This Paris landmark constructed in commemoration of the 200th anniversary of the French Revolution, is 110 meters high and 106 meters wide on each of its four sides, its wall coveringconsisting of 28,000 huge mirror-like glass panels, and occupying area of an entire hectare. The space within it's four archways is enough to accommodate the entire Church of the Magdalene, inclusive of its gothic-style spires!

然而大建设计画中，最高、最戏剧性的建筑物，则非拉德芳斯新凯旋门莫属：这座为纪念法国大革命两百周年的巴黎新地标，高一百一十公尺，宽一百零六公尺，壁面以两万八千块光滑如镜的巨型玻璃拼砌而成，总体覆盖面积为一公顷，中空的大拱门内可容纳包括高耸的歌德式塔顶在内的整座巴黎圣母院！

With the construction of large municipal structures, wide-span bridges and high buildings, the large diameter belled piles have been used widely due to their high bearing capacity.

随着大型市政设施、大跨桥梁及超高层建筑等建筑物的建设，近年来大直径扩底桩因具有单桩承载力高等优点在国内工程界逐渐得到广泛应用。

But the strata with high ground water level are composed of alluvium clays、 silty clay、 gravels and crushed stone soils in Chengdu;And the shield will drive in the interzone with complicated geologic environment, especially in the strata contained more than 50 percent of gravels which diameter is greater than 5cm, also contained big grain size gravels(the maximum diameter is about 1m)、 cement gravels and silty sand with lentoid mass;And on the ground there have many serried buildings in the prosperous zone.

而成都地铁工程将主要穿越由冲积粘性土、粉土、砂砾和碎石类土组成的覆盖层，地下水位高，盾构将通过大量地质条件和环境条件均极为复杂的区间，特别是地层中还夹杂有大漂石、胶结砾石层、粉细砂透镜体，隧道围岩中直径大于5cm的砾石含量一般都在50%以上，最大的漂石直径达1m左右，且地面多为建筑物密集的繁华地区，施工难度大，国内尚无先例，在国外也无完全成熟的经验。

In recent years, as the economic is developing, the buildings are getting higher and higher, and mass concrete baseplate application of the structure is more and more widely, the mass concrete baseplate are often cracked by temperature stress in practice, therefore, research of the mass concrete baseplate will become more and more attention.

随着经济的发展，建筑物高度越来越高，大体积混凝土底板结构的应用越来越广泛，但由于温度应力的作用，大体积混凝土底板的裂缝在工程实践中屡见不鲜，因此对大体积混凝土底板温度裂缝的研究将越来越受到重视。

The result show that the position of free surface is higher because of frusta of brake, especial obvious in the head of frusta of brake; flux coefficient and pressure on dam are quite influenced by type of frusta and 3 A type frusta of brake relative to 2 type frusta of brake has bigger flux coefficient and smaller pressure on dam; Obvious influence of ability of discharge flow for different ratio of thickness of frusta and breadth of brake and pressure on dam reduces with increasing ration of thickness of frusta and breadth of brake, while bigger flux coefficient is obtained when tlb = 0.2.(7)The 3D free surface turbulent model established in the paper is comparatively well and truly simulates 3D flow over spillway with frusta of brake and series waterpower computation can be completed aim at different type of dam, type of frusta and disposal on the dam and different water height on peak of

结果表明，闸墩河海大学博士论文的存在抬高了水面线的位置，其中在闸墩头部尤其明显；墩型对流量系数和坝面压力影响较大，3A型闸墩相对于2型闸墩具有更大的流量系数和更小的坝面压力：不同的墩厚闸宽比t/b对泄流能力也将产生显著的影响，随着墩厚闸宽比的增加，坝面压力降低，而当t/b二0.2时溢流坝具有更大的流量系数。7本文建立的三维自由面湍流场模型能够比较准确地模拟带闸墩溢流坝三维过坝水流湍流场，可以针对不同的坝型、墩型、坝面布置形式以及不同的坝顶水头完成系列水力计算，为泄水工程建筑物的设计提供可靠的分析依据

The main research contents are as follows:1. Through massive calculation, analysis and comparison, sum up the similarities and differences between the special-shaped cross sections and rectangular cross sections in mechanical features, between reinforced concrete special-shaped columns and rectangular columns in load-bearing capacity, ductility performance and provide necessary basic concepts and data for further understanding the characteristics of the special-shaped columns;2. Through massive elastic calculations and elasto-plastic analysis, under the preconditions of satisfying the code's requirements for axial compression ratio, limit value of lateral displacement and load-bearing capacity of normal section,oblique section and beam-column joint, under circumstances of different intensity of earthquake, structure dead weight, sort of site and column grid bay dimension, the variation regularity of maximum suitable height of structure, and thus sum up the maximum suitable height of structure for code for the purpose of macro-control while deciding the design scheme;3. Make a preliminary study on the stress feature of reinforced concrete special-shaped column and Z-shaped column of which the ratio of limb length to limb thickness is between 4~5 ,and the preliminary design method is suggested;4. Through elato-plastic time history dynamic analysis of typical projects, check up the weak storey of the special-shaped column structure and yielding, breaking and collapse mechanism to satisfy the earthquake resistant requirement to buildings of remaining stand under strong earthquake;5. Derive for project use simplified calculation formula of vibration period, suitable vibration period, suitable rigidity of special-shaped column structure through theoretical analysis, and provide an easy and practical method for deciding the structure scheme economically, safely and reasonably;6. Based on the study achievements in theory and massive analysis and calculations of this paper, sum up the regularities of inner force, deformation of special-shaped column structure and seismic conceptual design, and thus the suggection of seismic design of special-shaped column structures is presented.

本文研究的主要内容如下：通过大量的计算、分析和对比，总结出异形截面与矩形截面在力学特性、钢筋混凝土异形截面柱与矩形截面柱在承载能力、延性性能等方面的异同，为深入了解异形截面柱的特点提供必要的基本概念和数据；通过大量的弹性及弹塑性计算分析，在满足规程对轴压比、侧移限值及正截面、斜截面、节点承载力抗震验算要求的前提下，在不同抗震设防烈度、结构自重、场地类别及柱网开间尺寸情况下最大适宜高度的变化规律，并在此基础上总结归纳出异形柱结构的最大适用高度规定，可用于规程，以便于在确定方案时起到宏观控制的作用；对肢长与肢厚比在4～5的钢筋混凝土异形截面柱及Z形柱的受力特点进行初步探讨，提出初步的设计方法；通过对典型工程的弹塑性动力时程分析，检验异形柱结构的薄弱层及屈服、破坏、倒塌机制，以达到建筑物大震不倒的抗震设防要求；通过理论分析，推导出异形柱结构自振周期，以及适宜自振周期、适宜刚度的工程实用简化计算公式，为经济、安全、合理地确定结构方案提供简便实用的方法；在本文理论分析、计算以及大量的研究成果基础上，总结归纳出异形柱结构内力、变形的规律及抗震概念设计内容，并在此基础上提出异形柱结构的抗震设计建议。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。