大尺度

Further, we investigated the possible impact of SDP on ENSO event in interannual scale by researching the anomalous characteristics of sea temperature, wind, convergence and divergence, total cloud amount, radiation and so on. The results showed that the influence of SDP on ENSO involve not only the process of positive and negative air-sea feedback, but also the interaction between atmospheric circulation over tropical and subtropical, specially the eastward propagation of anomalous zonal wind from the equatorial Indian Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. Otherwise, it also relates, to some extent, to the transition of large-scale climatic mean flow over the Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean.

进一步，本文通过分析SDP事件前后期海温、高低层风、低层辐合辐散、高空云量和辐射等的变化特征研究了南印度洋偶极型海温异常在ENSO事件中的作用，结果表明：SDP在ENSO事件中的作用不仅涉及海气相互作用的正负反馈过程，还与热带和副热带大气环流之间的相互作用有关，特别是与东南印度洋海温变化所引起的异常纬向风由赤道印度洋向赤道太平洋传播的过程等有十分直接的关系；同时，SDP对ENSO事件的影响在很大程度上还依赖于大尺度平均气流随季节的变换。

By using the NCEP reanalysis data to run POM, the basical characteristics of the Kuroshio Current, the large-scale anticyclonic warm vortex on the right of it, and the SCS warm current are well simulated. The feature of the great influence of the monsoon on the SCS currents is also shown.

4使用NCEP再分析资料驱动区域海洋模式POM，较好地模拟出了黑潮海流、黑潮右侧的大尺度反气旋性暖涡及南海暖流等海流的基本特征，并反映出南海海流受季风影响较大的特点。

LES cooperated with the second order full extension ETG finite element method is applied to simulate three typical problems concerned with convection heat transfer with sufficient experimental data. By comparing the numerical results with the experimental results, LES is proved to be of better accuracy and stability when it is used to solve the problems concerned with convection heat transfer. The time history of the flow field and temperature field can be reflected better, and abundant information of the fields can be obtained. Furthermore the details of the change in the vortex structure can be captured.

应用大涡模拟与二阶全展开ETG有限元离散格式相结合的方法对具有实验基础的三个典型对流换热问题进行了数值模拟，并将模拟结果与相应的实验结果进行对比，证明了大涡模拟应用于对流换热问题中具有较高的稳定性和精度，能够较好地反映流场和温度场的时变过程，提供丰富的温度场和流场信息，捕捉流场中旋涡结构的变化细节，尤其适合于边界形状复杂的区段内含有大尺度各向异性涡的流动和换热问题的计算。

The classic macroscopic mechanical models, which characterize the concrete and granite as continuums at macroscopic level and consider the test results of laboratory scale specimen as the mechanical properties of the material, could analyze the mechanical response of structures with greater size. In reality, the test results of laboratory that are generally called physical and mechanical parameters of material are average responses of a heterogeneous specimen with a certain size.

有关混凝土和花岗岩力学特性的力学模型都是基于混凝土和花岗岩材料的宏观层次研究其力学特性，其主要特点是把材料理想化为均质材料进行研究，把实验室尺度下力学试验的结果作为材料的力学参数，以此为基础进行更大尺度宏观结构的力学响应分析。

Hen the coupling model of RIEMS and TOPX was still online tested in Jinghe basin. By means of the scale transformation scheme on topographic index and the yielding and runoff routing theory, the coupling model uses the meteorological data simulated by a regional climate model to drive the hydrological model for predicting the daily runoff at large-scale watershed.

OPX与RIEMS的耦合模式在泾河流域进行了在线测试，借助TOPX模型中的地形指数降尺度转换和水文过程产汇流机制，耦合模式实现了利用区域气候模式模拟的气象资料来驱动水文模型进行大尺度流域日径流量的模拟。

Five area in three sub-climatic belts are studied, which are the bound area of Jinhe river on Weihe river, South area of Zhengzhou City in Henan, North Area of Nanchang in Jiangxi, South bank of estuarine of Yangtze river in Shanghai and North bank of estuarine of Zhujiang river in Shenzhen by line transect and point count methods from Winter to the next Fill in different scales.

探讨大尺度空间上鸟类多样性和群落结构的异质性、不同统计工具的应用和改良、以及景观生态学和鸟类群落生态学在空间尺度和异质性上的交融等问题，得出以下结果

The dimension model of the target is established in target frame.

针对大尺度目标，在目标坐标系下建立了目标外形尺度模型。

The effect of large scale structure on wave front during light transporting is computed and analyzed, and compared with the small scale effect.

计算并分析了该大尺度相干结构对光传输波前相位结构函数的影响，且和小尺度湍流结构作了比较。

Because multi-resolution wavelet analysis has low computation cost and is sensitive to singularity of signal, db2 wavelet is adopted to analyze the characteristics of welding seam signal, and the propagation rules of wavelet transform extrema is proposed, which decrease the computation cost greatly.

在焊缝类型识别的研究方面，提出采用大尺度下的小波变换近似来研究信号的类型，利用小波分析的多尺度特性，有效地排除了局部信号对焊缝整体特征的影响，可以很快地确定焊缝的类型。

For the averged regional status in iceage, the changes of the general circulation caused by the large-scale forcing is the main reason forming the differences between ice-age and present climate.

对于大尺度强迫，其局地效应主要通过定常波列型或大气遥相关型的全球效应对区域气候异常产生影响；而区域内局地的中尺度强迫，则主要是通过大气内部热力和动力学过程影响大气运动状况。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。