大尺度

During the four years study on the project, we develop a dynamical forecast model that describing the subtropical ridge surface. A new theory on the role of the land-sea thermal difference on the formation of the Subtropical High is advanced. It is concluded that in the summer subtropics over each continent and its adjacent ocean LO, SE, CO, and a double-dominant heating from west to east compose a LOSECOD heating quadruplet. The influence of the Eurasia continent on SH varies according to the seasonal variation. From the ideal numerical simulation it is shown the important role of the Eaiuan continent and the huge topography on the mechanism of formation and mantanence of the SH during the summer. It is verified by the numerical simulation that the extension of the subtropical continent into the tropics greatly enhances the " East Asian monsoon". Through the Rossby energy dissipation theory it is verified that the deep latent convective heating induces the onset of the South China Sea monsoon over the Bay of Bengal. The relationship and mechanism between the precipitaiton over the East Asia and the Subtropicla high is illustrated by the data. It is also found the close phase lock between the east-west shift of the SH and the disturbence of the east wind belt over the tropical troposphere. The interaction between the structure and activity feature of the SH and the Meiyu over the Yangtze-Huaihe river valley is revealed from the data. The numerical simulation verified the impact of the different SH pattern on the path of the typhoon.

本项目的研究发展了描述副热带高压脊面变化的动力模型，提出了夏季副热带地区四叶型非绝热加热分布型及相应环流拼图的创新理论；明确了大陆尺度的海陆热力差异在副热带高压形成中的作用；指出欧亚地形对副热带高压和气候的影响随季节变化而变化，通过数值试验证明春季青藏高原的感热加热对亚洲夏季风的爆发地点起了"锚定"的作用，进一步证实了副热带高压断裂和亚洲夏季风的最早爆发地点发生在孟加拉湾东岸；利用Rossby波能量频散理论证明了孟加拉湾深对流潜热释放诱导南海季风爆发的机制；揭示了东亚季风降水的季节内变化与西太副高的关系及机理；揭示了西太副高与东西风带中扰动之间的相互作用过程，指出西太副高的东西活动与热带对流层上空东风带扰动和中纬度西风带扰动的移动和锁相密切相关；研究了夏季淮河流域梅雨期间副高结构和活动特征及其与江淮暴雨的相互作用；验证了不同副热带高压形态对台风路径的不同影响；通过数值试验证明了欧亚大陆和青藏高原等大地形对副热带高压形成和维持的重要作用。

However, the grid resolution affects the efficiency of ray tracing greatly.

但是网格划分的尺度对光线跟踪的效率有很大的影响。

Using environmental radionuclide 210Pb to study the soil erosion and sediment had great application value and potential. When the nuclide was settled on the surface with atmosphere, it was absorbed by the soil particle quickly. The soil erosion rate on the scale of 100 years was traced through the remotion of nuclide in soil and its regular distribution nude.

利用环境放射性核素210Pb来研究土壤侵蚀和沉积具有很大的应用价值和潜力，当核素随大气沉降到地表时，迅速被土壤颗粒吸附，通过其在土壤间的移动和有规律的分布模式可以示踪100年尺度上的土壤侵性速率。

The numerical results show that outer scale of turbulence has great effect on G-tilt power spectrum and residual variance of tilted tracking at low frequency but almost has no effect on the high frequency.

数值计算结果表明大气湍流外尺度对G倾斜功率谱以及倾斜跟踪残余误差的低频段影响较大，而对高频段的影响可以忽略不计。

Taking advantage of retractility and time-delay characteristics of wavelet, this paper solves the problems of fixed resolving power and large redundance of the information caused by traditional sonogram analysis by choosing the scale of wavelet correctly.

本文将离散小波变换应用于蝙蝠回声定位叫声的分析中，利用小波的伸缩和时移特性，通过对小波尺度的适当离散，解决了传统语谱分析的分辨率固定、信息冗余量大的问题。

The paper studies the auto-covariance estimation of Gamma distribution by using the asymptotic behavior of student U -statistic,gives the large sample interval estimation for the scale parameter,and carries out the computing simulation according to the method of random simulation.

利用学生氏U－统计量的渐近性质，研究伽玛分布的自协方差估计，同时给出了尺度参数的大样本区间估计，并采用随机模拟的方法进行计算模拟

Lastly, sand and reef area were compared. Since reef areas has more suitable natural substratum than sand areas.

另外由较大的空间尺度来看，礁区与砂区为两个天然底质不同的区域，在这两个区域分别放置面积相同的附苗板时，由於礁区的天然底质数量较多，根据附苗强化效应，幼生在附苗板上的附苗密度应在砂区较高。

To solve the problem of identifying weak signals with large parameters,principle of stochastic resonance is studied.Conception and realization of scale transformation stochastic resonance are proposed.

为解决大参数微弱信号的识别问题，在研究随机共振基本原理的基础上，提出了变尺度随机共振的概念并给出了实现方法。

Nowadays, the Eddy Covariance system and the Large Aperture Scintillometer are the main instruments measuring surface fluxes. The former is point observation and can observe hundreds of meters and the latter can observe area average fluxes in the scale of hundreds of meters to ten kilometers.

目前应用较为广泛的通量测量技术有涡动相关仪和大孔径闪烁仪，前者是单点观测，观测范围通常只有几百米；后者近年来得到长足的发展，可以观测从几百米到十几公里尺度上的区域湍流通量。

The production research and development building has 4(4-5) the workshop composition,specialized separable may gather,the space may on be possible,the scale to be possible to be possible to be small greatly.

可分弹性空间，尺度自由把握生产研发楼有4幢（4-5层）厂房组成，专业可分可合，空间可上可下，规模可大可小。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。