大宪章

In fact,these characteristics are relevant to the special traditional culture background and geographic environment in England,and it is well testified by the development of the early history in England,no matter by the Magna carya,Petition of Right,Habeas Corpus Act,or the Bill of Rights.

这与英国特殊的传统文化背景及地理环境有关系。从《自由大宪章》开始，到《权利请愿书》、《人身保护法》，再到《权利法案》，英国人权的早期历史发展状况，正证明了这一点。

It is both a culmination and a point of departure.

大宪章既代表着封建制度的鼎盛期，又提供了新发展的机会。

From last Saturday's Daily Mail weekend supplement, advertising a BBC radio programme entitled The Things We Forgot To Remember: Still regarded as the foundation of English justice and liberty, Michael Portillo discovers the truth about the Magna Carta.

从去年周六的每日邮周末补助英国广播电台节目的广告标题事情我们忘记：基础英语仍视为正义和自由迈克尔波蒂发现真相大宪章。

II. c. 2.(that second magna carta, and stable bulwark of our liberties) it is enacted, that no subject of this realm, who is an inhabitant of England, Wales, or Berwick, shall be sent prisoner into Scotland, Ireland, Jersey, Guernsey, or places beyond the seas;(where they cannot have the benefit and protection of the common law) but that all such imprisonments shall be illegal; that the person, who shall dare to commit another contrary to this law, shall be disabled from bearing any office, shall incur the penalty of a praemunire , and be incapable of receiving the king's pardon: and the party suffering shall also have his private action against the person committing, and all his aiders, advisers and abettors, and shall recover treble costs; besides his damages, which no jury shall assess at less than five hundred pounds.

并且，通过人身保护法案，查理二世第31年法案第二章（可以称之为第二部大宪章，我们的自由的稳定的防波堤）规定：本王国内的臣民，即英格兰，威尔士或贝瑞克（Berwick，以前属于苏格兰的郡；联合王国存在三种虽相近然而彼此独立有所区别的法律系统：英格兰，苏格兰和北爱尔兰法律系统，因而这部著作名"the laws of England"译成"英格兰法律"才恰当）的居民，不得将被监禁者遣送至苏格兰，爱尔兰，泽西，格恩西，或海外任何地方；（被监禁者在这些地方不能得到共同法的保护和利益）这样的监禁均为非法；任何人，若胆敢违背这部法律行事，应当取消担当任何公职的资格，应当得到警告，并且不能获得国王的宽恕：遭受监禁的人，可以起诉监禁者和他的协助者，他的建议者和教唆者，并获得损失的三倍补偿；此外，审判团对他的损失的评估，不得低于五百英镑。

Since 1989 until now, the University of Bologna, has carried out the largest decentralization programme in the history of Italian Universities, establishing new university campus branches in 4 towns in Emilia-Romagna: Cesena, Forlì, Ravenna and Rimini. The academic offer is extremely wide.

1988年9月18日，博洛尼亚大学 900周年校庆之际，来自世界各地的430所大学校长云聚博洛尼亚，共同签署了欧洲大学大宪章，并正式承认博大为所有大学的母校。

In the early thirteenth century, King John had a bitter disagreement with Pope Innocent III about who would become Archbishop of Canterbury, and trenched on the property of the church. As a result, he was excommunicated by Pope Innocent III. Besides, King Johns tyranny led to the rebel of nobles. Suffering dual pressure, he had no choice but signed the Magna Carta. As far as its contents and nature are concerned, the Magna Carta was a typical feudal law and common law document.

十三世纪初，约翰王就坎特伯雷大主教的人选与教皇英诺森三世发生激烈冲突，还借机侵夺教会财产，结果被教皇开除教籍；同时由于约翰王的横征暴敛、穷兵黩武，导致了贵族反叛，双重冲突的巨大压力使约翰王不得不签下了《大宪章》。

Ween the crown and the barons, a guarantee of the freedom of the church and a limitation of the power of the king.

大宪章陈述的是国王与贵族间的封建和法律关系，保证了教会自由和限制了王权。

Selden then construed the crucial phrase "legem terrae" to mean "by presentment or indictment." Indeed, if per speciale mandatum was within the meaning of these words,"then this Act had done nothing."

Selden 接着分析了关键词组&本国法律适当程序&是指&陈述与控告&的确，如果国王的特别命令包括在内，那么大宪章将毫无意义。

Upon this principle the great charter41 has declared That no freeman shall be disseized, or divested, of his freehold, or of his liberties, or free customs, but by the judgment of his peers, or by the law of the land.

基于这个原则，大宪章宣布：未经与其地位相当的人的合法审判或王国的法律，任何自由人都不得被夺去或剥夺其自由拥有的财产，或各种自由，或免税权利。

III. And whereas also by the statute called 'The Great Charter of the Liberties of England,' it is declared and enacted, that no freeman may be taken or imprisoned or be disseized of his freehold or liberties, or his free customs, or be outlawed or exiled, or in any manner destroyed, but by the lawful judgment of his peers, or by the law of the land.

又据名为&英格兰自由权利大宪章&的条令，它宣称和颁布：除了通过同等的人组成法庭的合法审判和我们王国的法律外，任何自由民都不得被劫持或关押，或被剥夺他的财产或自由权利或他的自由的习俗，或失去法律的保护或遭流放，或被任何方式遭侵害。

The labia have now been sutured together almost completely.The drains and the Foley catheter come out at the top.

此刻阴唇已经几乎完全的缝在一起了，排除多余淤血体液的管子和Foley导管从顶端冒出来。

To get the business done, I suggest we split the difference in price.

为了做成这笔生意，我建议我们在价格上大家各让一半。