大学生

The result showed that: firstly, they had the hame view on the purpose of the scholarship with the authorities and people's expectation and most university students were satisfied with the system of the scholarship, but the students who were not satisfied still were of large proportion; secondly ,the students inclined to believe that the encouragement of substance can arouse people's enthusiasm better than the encouragement of spirit, and most students wished to have money as a form of incentive; thirdly, in the choice of career students showed some differences due to the difference of gender, professional and urban or rural where they are from, however, on the views of social status, the vast majority of students did't want to be willing to engage in a poor but noble career.

结果显示：其一，大学生对奖学金目的的认识，从总体上讲与国家的期望一致，在对奖学金公平性的认识上，多数大学生对学校奖学金制度表示满意，但是不满意者仍然占了很大的比例；其二，大学生倾向于认为物质鼓励比精神鼓励更能调动人的积极性，且希望获得的奖励形式以金钱居多；其三，大学生对择业条件与择业地域的选择因性别、专业、城乡不同而存在一定的差异，但在对社会地位的认同感上，绝大多数大学生不愿意从事甘于清贫而高尚的职业。

Based on ethnology theory, sociology and other subject perspectives, starting from cases of sample questionnaire and network of college students'national consciousness, it analyzes the basic characteristics of college students'national consciousness. Then, review the historical changing track of college students'consciousness Since the reform and opening time, and analyze the obsessional factors of college students'consciousness; and then, generalize some ordinary guiding and cultivating strategies. Taking the education of outlook on nation in Guangxi University for Nationalities for an example to introduce the facilitation experience of college students'national consciousness in national institutions. This provides effective reference to guiding and cultivating college students'national consciousness.

本文坚持以马克思主义的世界观和方***作指点，立足于民族理论、社会学等学科视角，从大学生民族意识的现实抽样问卷与网络表达的个案调查入手，剖析大学生民族意识的基本特性，接着，归顾改造开放以来大学生的民族意识历史演化轨迹并剖析大学生民族意识的现实困扰因素；入而，归纳普通院校大学生民族意识导育策略，并以广西民族大学民族观教育为例介绍民族院校的大学生民族意识导育经验，以期对高校大学生民族意识导育工作提供有效的借鉴。

At first, defined the goal and principle of the graduates unemployment security system; Then by compared the unemployment insurance system and unemployment social salvation system, points out that now establishing the graduates unemployment insurance system is not advisable; from reviewing other countries'experience and our country's actual graduates employment policies, unemployment social salvation system is necessary and possible .At last conclude that such a basic-incorporate graduates unemployment security system should be set up: the government salvation as the base, incorporate the existing employment policies, social salvation and social participancy etc, ensure the unemployed man's living, at the same time develop employment salvation service just like careers guidance training service and so on, the government, the college and graduate individuals should undertake these responsibility together ,and it should be supported by the whole social forces.

大学生失业已经成为一个社会问题，它增加了巨大的潜在社会压力与社会成本，影响社会的稳定；失业保障制度作为一种被动的失业治理政策有其存在的理论基础；政府与社会是大学生失业问题的责任主体，政府公共管理责任与政府战略选择，就自然应竭力减少大学生失业对社会长期发展的威胁，而我国现行失业治理机制在大学生失业保障方面严重缺失；比较而言，目前很多国家都已具备较成熟的青年及大学生失业保障体系，因此必然要求我国尽快建立起大学生失业保障制度体系。

The results show that:(1) In the low income college students to solve the problem of the way the scores were significantly lower than those of non- low income students ,and in the self-condemned was significantly higher than that of the non-low income students; low income college student s in the SCL-90 body, forced, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, paranoia, psychosis, and so on eight the factor scores were significantly higher than the non- low income college students, the low income college students in general mental health level was significantly lower than the non-low income students.

研究结果表明：(1)贫困大学生在应对方式的解决问题因子上得分显著低于非贫困大学生，在自责因子上显著高于非贫困大学生；贫困大学生在SCL-90的躯体化、强迫、人际关系敏感度、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、偏执、精神病性等8个因子上及总分上得分均显著高于非贫困大学，总体上贫困大学生的心理健康水平显著低于非贫困大学生。

The excessive pursuit of the desired material welfare, in students' life cause university students' happy feeling to become one-sided; the confusion of the pursuit of idcal and belief makes undergraduates' sense of happiness unrooted; the disassmilation of life emotions makes undergraduates' happy feeling estranged; the hiatus of life responsibilities makes undergraduates' life education lies in training their ability to live a tranquail life, remoulding undergraduates' ideals and beliefs, enriching undergraduates' life emotions and guiding undergraduates to have a happy life full of responsibility and personalization.

人生目标追求的过度物质化，使大学生的幸福感变得片面化；理想信仰追求的混乱，使大学生的幸福感变得无根化；生命情感的异化，使大学生的幸福感变得疏离化；人生责任的缺失，使大学生的幸福感变得虚幻化。面对这种情况，大学生生命教育的幸福性原则应该培养大学生过安静生活的能力，重塑大学生的理想信念，充实大学生的生命情感，引导大学生走责任化、个性化的幸福人生。

In short, this explorative study for self-identity concept, theory and practice is for the purpose of (1) trying to unitarily understand self-identity concept, in turn to minutely examine the new development of self-identity theory, and to introduce self-identity theories and research methods in western psychology to domestic psychology in order to cause the interest of domestic psychologist to self-identity thesis; and (2) through the empirical study on self-identity of college student, revealing the meaning of self-identity to student development, and the personality characteristics of self-identity status of student, and the characteristics and influential factors of student self-identity development, and the relationship between student self-identity status and mental health condition in order to provide the measurement of empirical study and systematic study data for self-identity researches, in turn to provide basis of theory and method for setting up the theoretical model of Chinese students self-identity; and (3) making up the gaps in empirical researches on self-identity in domestic psychology, opening up a new research domain in colleges and universities student psychology, and enrich the theory on student development researches.

总之，本文对自我同一性概念、理论和实践进行探索性研究，旨在(1)尝试对自我同一性作整合统一的理解并在此基础上，详细考察自我同一性理论的新发展，试图将西方心理学自我同一性理论的发展引入国内心理学，以引起国内学者更多的关注；(2)通过对大学生自我同一性的研究，揭示自我同一性对大学生发展的含义、大学生自我同一性状态的人格特征、大学生自我同一性发展的特征和影响因素、大学生自我同一性状态与心理健康水平的关系，进而为自我同一性的研究提供实证研究的测量工具以及系统的实证资料，为建立中国大学生自我同一性的理论模型提供理论和方法上的基础；(3)弥补国内自我同一性实证研究的空白，开辟大学生心理学研究的新领域，丰富大学生发展研究的理论；(4)当代大学生自我同一性问题的研究既是青年心理学、教育心理学和学校心理学的重要课题，也能为大学生发展和大学教育实践提供心理学依据，特别是在强调创新教育和推进大学素质教育的今天具有重要的实践意义。

This paper consists of 7 chapters. Chapter one: illustrates the background, purpose and meaning of this study; the relevant studies on abroad and in domestic alike and the method and flow of thought of this study. Chapter two: clears the definition, pattern and principle of SPCSAFI, demonstrates the characteristics, functions and meanings of SPCSAFI. Chapter three: analogizes the situation will faced to SPCSAFI. Chapter four: points out the management pattern of SPCSAFI. Chapter five: explores the running mode of SPCSAFI. Chapter six: establishes the evaluating mode of SPCSAFI. Chapter seven: offers the effective tactics to promote the development of SPCSAFI.

本文共七章：第一章阐述了研究的背景、目的和意义，国内外相关研究的动态以及本研究的思路与方法；第二章界定了农林院校大学生社会实践的概念、类型和原则，阐述了农林院校大学生社会实践的特点、功能和意义；第三章分析了农林院校大学生社会实践面临的形势；第四章提出了农林院校大学生社会实践管理模式；第五章探索了农林院校大学生社会实践的运行模式；第六章建立了农林院校大学生社会实践的评价模式；第七章提出了促进农林院校大学生社会实践发展的有效对策。

The problem existing in the psychological health education cannot be ignored.Faced with the situation, this thesis discusses and does research on strengthening and improving College students' psychological health education from the following three parts. The first part illustrates the definition, history development and future tendency of College students' psychological health education. Meanwhile, it emphasizes the importance and necessity of College students' psychological health education. The second part illustrates the current situation of College students' psychological health education both home and abroad and subjectively introspected.

面对这一现状，本文分三部分对加强和改进大学生心理健康教育进行了相关论述和研究：第一部分阐述了大学生心理健康教育的涵义，历史发展及未来趋势，同时强调了大学生心理健康教育的重要性与必要性：第二部分阐述了大学生心理健康教育的国内外现状并进行客观反思，重点指出大学生心理健康教育中存在的主要问题，并分析这些问题产生的原因：第三部分，这是本文的重点部分，也就是如何加强大学生心理健康教育。

Through difference significance tests and analyses, it finds that (1) man students more possibly form identity achievement, and woman students more possibly form identity foreclosure and identity diffusion; and (2) the difference of self-identity status between man and woman students is associated with various domains; and (3) self-identity status between man and woman students have some similarities that identity exploration has the same importance to both; and (4) grade-one is a period when students face up to more identity crises, and grade-two is key period of identity formation, and grade-three is a developmental period of identity that provides the basis for re-solution of the emergence of new identity crises in grade-four;(5) there is a gradually enhanced direction from lower self-identity statuses to advanced ones from grade-one to grade-three, but there is also a direction that reentry into the identity crisis by grade-four. It indicates that the identity achievement formation does not mean the end of development of self-identity and proves that there is a continuous MAMA cycle in self-identity development; and (6) that students self-identity status mainly is identity moratorium provides some evidence for which there is a Moratorium in student development, and which self-identity formation is not easy; and (7) the development of student self-identity is associated with various domains, what students pay most attention to firstly is vocation, secondly life philosophy, and lower interesting in political and religious domains in ideology; for relational domains, students pay more attention to dating and friendship compared to sex role and recreation domain.

通过差异显著性检验和分析发现：(1)男生更可能形成成就型同一性，女生则更可能形成排他型和弥散型同一性；(2)男女大学生自我同一性的差异与不同的领域相关；(3)男女大学生自我同一性也存在相似性，同一性探索对于男女大学生同样重要；(4)大学一年级是同一性危机面对较多的时期，二年级为同一性形成的关键期，三年级为同一性的发展期，所形成的同一性为四年级所出现新的同一性危机的解决提供了基础；(5)从一年级到三年级存在从低级的自我同一性向高级的自我同一型转变的渐进增强，但到四年级又有重新进入同一性危机的趋势，说明大学生成就型自我同一性的形成并不意味着自我同一性发展的结束，证明了自我同一性发展的MAMA周期持续存在的特点；(6)学生自我同一性状态主要还处于延缓型同一性状态，进一步证明大学生发展心理合法延缓期的存在，以及自我同一性形成不是一件很容易的事情；(7)大学生自我同一性的发展与领域相关，大学生较为关注职业领域，其次为人生观领域，而对政治和信仰领域兴趣较低；另外，大学生对友谊、交往领域较为关注，对性别角色和活动领域关注程度相对较低。

The university students＇ innovative undertaking complete handbook policy paid attention to the university students＇ innovative undertaking preferential policy recent years,for supported the university students＇ innovative undertaking,national all levels of governments have appeared many preferential policies,involved financing,starts doing business,the tax revenue,imbark training,the imbark instruction and so on many aspects.to planned starts an undertaking the university student,understood these policies,can walk the imbark first step.according to national and the shanghai municipal government＇s related stipulation,the shanghai area graduates the university graduate to start an undertaking may enjoy the free risk assessment,free policy training,the free loan guarantee and the partial taxes and fees reduces four preferential policies,includes specifically: the university graduates (including junior college,university undergraduate course,graduate student) are engaged in the individual management,gets up from the authorized management date,in 1 year exempts pays the individual operator the registration registry fee,the individual operator management fee,the economic contract demonstration text production cost and so on.in addition,if establishes the non-regular enterprise,only needs carries on the registration in the area county street,then tax-free 3 years.

大学生创业完全手册政策关注大学生创业优惠政策近年来，为支持大学生创业，国家各级山西大学生创业出台了许多优惠政策，涉及融资、开业、税收、创业培训、创业指导等诸多方面。对打算创业的大学生来说，了解这些政策，才能走好创业的第一步。根据国家和上海市政府的有关规定，上海地区应届大学毕业生创业可享受免费风险评估、免费政策培训、无偿贷款担保及部分税费减免四项优惠政策，具体包括：高校毕业生（含山西学生创业专科、大学本科、研究生）从事个体经营的，自批准经营日起，1年内免交个体户登记注册费、个体户管理费、经济合同示范文本工本费等。此外，如果成立非正规企业，只需到所在区县街道进行登记，即可免税山西大学生创业。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。