大学教育

Ralph Waldo Emerson and other transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorou**ook learning put unnatural restraints on children:"We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing."

拉尔夫·瓦尔多·爱默生和其他一些先验主义哲学家认为学校教育和严格的书本学习限制了孩子们的天性，&我们被关在中小学和大学的朗诵室里十年或十五年，最后出来满肚子墨水，却啥都不懂。&

Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unna瞭ural restraints on children:"We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing."

拉尔夫·瓦尔多·爱默生和其他一些先验主义哲学家认为学校教育和死啃书本抑制了孩子们的天性。&我们被关在中小学和大学的背诵室里十年或十五年，最后出来时满腹经纶却什么也不懂。&

He received his education at Tubingen University, where, from 1826 to his death, he was professor of ecclesiastical and doctrinal history.

他获得教育，蒂宾根大学，在那里，从1826年到他去世，他是教授，教会和理论的历史。

He received his education at Tubingen University, where, from 1826 to his death, he was professor of ecclesiastical and doctrinal history.

1860年12月2日，是德国神学谁创立了蒂宾根学校的新约圣经的解释，他收到他的教育在蒂宾根大学，其中，从1826年到他去世，他是教授，教会和理论的历史。

The team of researchers from Warwick Medical School and the Institute of Education at the University of Warwick was led by Angela Underdown.

该研究团队由Warwick医学院和教育学院在沃里克大学为首的安吉拉

If that happens, both government and universities will be underpressure to provide better information to those in search of an education—and abargain.

若是果真如此，政府和大学都将面临向寻找教育机会和讨价还价机会的人们提供更完善信息的压力。

With the support of a major research grant of Zhejiang Province (No. 001101027) and the Plan of Promoting Education of Excellence of Zhejiang University in the 21st Century, this dissertation is devoted to address the above problems and fabricate an L-band EDFA with low cost, high performance and technological innovation.First the mechanism of an erbium doped fiber amplifier is introduced. Various theoretical models based on classical rate propagation equations are summarized and compared for their applications. We use a modified numerical model based on the Giles model, which agrees with the experimental results well. This serves as the theoretical base for the whole thesis and will be used to optimize the characteristics of EDFAs. A novel method based on a map of noise figure and gain is proposed to analyze efficiently the dependence of the noise figure and gain for EDFAs on the EDF length and the pump power. The characteristics of various EDFAs are studied and compared.Secondly, some important parameters are introduced to describe the characteristics of EDFAs. The methods and the experimental setups for measuring the gain and noise figure of an EDFA are emphasized. We introduce how to measure the characteristics of each component of an EDFA, especially the gain and absorption coefficient of an erbium doped fiber.Thirdly, four types of simple and novel L-band EDFA structures with low noise, high gain and low gain ripple are proposed to satisfy the requirement of a DWDM system. They can be classified into two categories. In the first category, a single ASE pumping is served asa secondary pump. This category includes the following three types. Type: a new construction using a fiber Bragg grating in an unpumped EDF section at the input side. Type: a new structure of L-Band EDFA with two-stage pumps, which utilizes the forward ASE as a second pump.

本论文本着科技创新、服务于生产实践的精神，以设计价格低廉，性能优越、结构合理简单的L-band EDFA为目标，依托浙江省科技厅重大科学基金资助项目(001101027)和浙江大学振兴教育计划资助的全光网络的搭建—《光通信技术》课程实验建设项目，展开了如下工作：首先，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器的工作原理，归纳总结了基于速率方程基础的EDFA的各种理论模型，分析比较了各个模型的特点和适用场合，最终选择完善的Giles理论模型作为本论文分析设计EDFA的理论基础；针对实际实验条件提出了修正的EDFA模型的数值计算方法；创新地提出了增益—噪声系数全局分析法，直观有效地分析了EDFA的增益和噪声系数与掺铒光纤长度和泵浦功率的依赖关系，并对各种EDFA的性能作了全面的比较；第二，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器特性参数的定义与测量方法，重点介绍了噪声系数和增益系数的测量方法及实验装置；介绍了组成掺铒光纤放大器各组件的特性测量方法，重点介绍了测量掺铒光纤参数的方法和实验装置；第三，针对WDM系统对L-band EDFA谱平坦、低噪声、高增益的要求，我们创新地提出了四种不同的L-band EDFA结构，按设计思路可以分为两大类：一类是基于单抽运二级泵浦法，这一类包括在未泵浦掺铒光纤的输入端插入一根布拉格光纤光栅的两段L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于前向ASE光作为二级泵浦源推动下一级EDF工作的泵浦分配、两段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于单根光纤光栅、泵浦分配、两段级联的EDFA；另一类则是基于同时应用前后向C-band ASE作二级泵浦源的双抽运法，如基于前后向ASE光作为二级泵浦源的三段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构。

When I was a freshman at Villanova University, I signed up for a class called Introduction to Peace and Justice Education.

当我还是Villanova 大学的一名新生时，我选了一门叫做&和平和公正教育入门&的课程。

Villanova University's Professional Education Online offers a variety of dynamic, online professional certificate programs

维拉诺瓦大学的专业教育网络提供了一个动态，网上各种专业证书课程

Speed up the course of president vocationalization is the repuest of economical globalization ,education internationalization, market economy development, reform of higher education and vocation development of university presidents.

实现大学校长职业化，可以说是经济全球化和教育国际化的要求，是市场经济发展的要求，是高等教育改革与发展的要求，也是校长自身职业发展的要求。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。