大学教育

Post-secondary (Sub-degree course)（专上教育: Including all Higher Certificate/ Higher Diploma/ Professional Diploma/ Associate Degree/ Pre-Associate Degree/ Endorsement Certificate/ Associateship or equivalent courses in Universities/ Vocational Training Council, other sub-degree courses in Universities funded by University Grants Committee, Higher Certificate/ Higher Diploma/ Professional Diploma/ Associate Degree/ Pre-Associate Degree or equivalent courses in former Polytechnics/ other statutory or approved Postsecondary Colleges, Higher Diploma/ Professional Diploma/ Associate Degree/ Pre-Associate Degree or equivalent courses in other colleges providing postsecondary courses, sub-degree courses in Hong Kong Institute of Education, Sub-degree level nurse training courses/ dental training courses, Distance learning sub-degree level courses and other sub-degree level courses

包括大学／职业训练局的高级证书／高级文凭／专业文凭/副学士/副学士先修/增修证书/院士衔或同等课程、由大学资助委员会资助的其它大学非学位课程、前理工学院/其它法定或认可的专上学院的高级证书/高级文凭/专业文凭/副学士/副学士先修或同等课程、其它专上学院开设的高级文凭/专业文凭/副学士/副学士先修或同等课程、香港教育学院的非学位课程、护士训练非学位课程、牙科训练非学位课程及遥距非学位课程。

With the deeper reformation of economic structure and managerialsystem,the communization of adult education becomes a new wayby which adult education will extricate the predicament and makecontinuous development.

章竞思(1944-)，女，天津人，山西大学教授，研究方向：心理与教育测量。山西大学教育科学学院，山西太原030006随着我国社会经济结构和管理体制的深化改革，成人教育社区化成为成人教育摆脱困境、谋求继续发展的新途径。

Snow in 1959, in theory, the general education should be to make up for the limitation of the academic mind caused by the excessive subdivisions of disciplines. Currently, the curriculum of general education in Taiwan University is often used as the professional standard as to the concept in contents, or with science and natural sciences related fields, it may even be set as a leading role in balance seeking. It is; therefore, doubtable that while college education devotes in breaking the barriers of knowledge or academic disciplines, and attempts to establish enriched yet systematic general education, at the same time, helplessly returns to the breakthrough of academic condition described by C.P. Snow where "the Humanities" and "the Science" still confront anxiously. This would not only fail to achieve the consilience in knowledge but also lead to a possible fracture.

P Snow在1959所提出「种文化」的概上进发展的话，那麼通教育在上应该是弥补学科分工过细、导致学术心受到限制的现象；然而目前台湾的大学通教育，由於经常被当成与「专业」相标举的内容概，甚至是被定成与工或自然科学等相关域寻求平衡或对话的角色，因此免让人怀疑：当大学教育致於打破知或学科的藩篱，并且试图建丰富而有系统的通教育时，是否无且吊诡地重新走回史当时所描述并尝试突破改变的学术况－「人文」与「科学」依然充满紧张与对，知仅难以达到融通、甚至陷入另一种断的可能？

With group ten years of numerous Chinese universities assured of international education resources and with foreign language of guangzhou ferry bridge groom cooperative school-running concept of elite team, institute of Beijing union university, hunan university of advertisement, sichuan first foreign language institute and renmin university of China education scientific research in higher education institutions, more than 10, researching the professional education and characteristics, the depth excavation of DuiJieDian chinese-foreign cooperation in running schools, including the design perfect abroad study plan and follow-up service running scheme, and has formed a complete system of the cooperation in running schools.

凭借集团十几年积储的众多中外高校资源和与时俱进的国际教育理念，津桥合作办学部的精英团队携手北京联合大学广告学院、湖南吉首大学、四川外语学院和中国人民大学教育科学研究所等十余家高等教育机构，潜心研究国内外高校的专业设置和教育特点，深度挖掘中外合作办学的对接点，设计完善的包括留学前期学习计划和后续留学服务的办学方案，已形成了一个完整的合作办学体系。

The two tendencies toward utilitarianism and instrumentalism existed in higher education are main cause of problems.

然而，大学教育中存在的诸多问题，迫使我们不得不对大学教育的目的进行反思，大学教育目的的功利化、工具化倾向，是造成当今大学问题的重要原因。

Quality management systems: Guideline for the application of ISO 900I:2000 in Education., Retrieved October 5, 2006, from http://basica.sep.gob.mx/dgdgie/cva/sitio/DocumentosIWA2/05_Quality_Management_System/Quality_Management_Systems_ 1st_biannual _report_2004.pdf.

张明辉 (1997)，学校组织的变革与教育品质，国立教育资料馆，现代教育论坛（三， 258-261，台北：国立教育资料馆。郭品泓(2000)，以ISO 9000为基础之大学教育品质管理系统之架构设计，中原大学工业工程系，硕士论文，未出版。

In short, this explorative study for self-identity concept, theory and practice is for the purpose of (1) trying to unitarily understand self-identity concept, in turn to minutely examine the new development of self-identity theory, and to introduce self-identity theories and research methods in western psychology to domestic psychology in order to cause the interest of domestic psychologist to self-identity thesis; and (2) through the empirical study on self-identity of college student, revealing the meaning of self-identity to student development, and the personality characteristics of self-identity status of student, and the characteristics and influential factors of student self-identity development, and the relationship between student self-identity status and mental health condition in order to provide the measurement of empirical study and systematic study data for self-identity researches, in turn to provide basis of theory and method for setting up the theoretical model of Chinese students self-identity; and (3) making up the gaps in empirical researches on self-identity in domestic psychology, opening up a new research domain in colleges and universities student psychology, and enrich the theory on student development researches.

总之，本文对自我同一性概念、理论和实践进行探索性研究，旨在(1)尝试对自我同一性作整合统一的理解并在此基础上，详细考察自我同一性理论的新发展，试图将西方心理学自我同一性理论的发展引入国内心理学，以引起国内学者更多的关注；(2)通过对大学生自我同一性的研究，揭示自我同一性对大学生发展的含义、大学生自我同一性状态的人格特征、大学生自我同一性发展的特征和影响因素、大学生自我同一性状态与心理健康水平的关系，进而为自我同一性的研究提供实证研究的测量工具以及系统的实证资料，为建立中国大学生自我同一性的理论模型提供理论和方法上的基础；(3)弥补国内自我同一性实证研究的空白，开辟大学生心理学研究的新领域，丰富大学生发展研究的理论；(4)当代大学生自我同一性问题的研究既是青年心理学、教育心理学和学校心理学的重要课题，也能为大学生发展和大学教育实践提供心理学依据，特别是在强调创新教育和推进大学素质教育的今天具有重要的实践意义。

Nevertheless, I insist that the object of all true education is not to make men carpenters, it is to make carpenters men; there are two means of making the carpenter a man, each equally important; the first is to give the group and community in which he works liberally trained teachers and leaders to teach him and his family what life means; the second is to give him sufficient intelligence and technical skill to make him an efficient work- man; the first object demands the Negro college and college-bred men─not a quantity of such colleges, but a few of excellent quality; not too many college-bred men, but enough to leaven the lump, to inspire the masses, to raise the Talented Tenth to leadership; the second object demands a good system of common schools, well-taught, conveniently located, and properly equipped....

要使木匠成为人才，有二种同等重要的做法，一是让他们在自己劳动的社团和社区中拥有受过文科教育的教师和领导，让这些人给他们及其家属讲明生活的意义，二是让他们提高智力和技术工艺，使他们成为有效率的劳动者。要达到第一个目标需要有黑人大学以及受过大学教育的人才──不需要很多这样的大学，而只需要几所质量上乘的大学；不需要太多受过大学教育的人才，但要有足够的数量能使&面团&发酵，能激励群众。使其中&有才能的十分之一&成为领袖。要达到第二个目标需要有一个完善的普通学校体系，教学质量好，地点方便，设备齐全

His views of university concept, purpose of university education, university student orientation, essence of university education constitutes his spiritual implication for the Jaspers' thought of university education which makes it possible.

他在大学观、大学教育目的、大学生定位、大学教育本质等方面的观点，构成了他的大学教育思想的精神意蕴何以可能的根据。

Although the representative of the general education development in the direction of modern universities, but in the whole world to the extent that it has not been universally recognized, or because of its significance has not been well understood by, for example, the university sector in China, even general education Is a little-known things, or because there are still people persist in the modern university education is professional education.

通才教育虽然代表了现代大学发展的方向，但是在整个世界的范围内，它并没有得到普遍的承认，这或者是因为它的意义尚未为人所理解，比如，在中国的大学界，通才教育甚至是一个鲜为人知的东西，或者是因为仍然有人坚持现代大学教育就是专业教育。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。