大孔隙

So supported by well core experimentation, the *** analyzed the logging response feature and mechanism of thin bed, and point out that many factors can affect the logging response of the reservoir, the main factor which mostly influence the logging response is the thickness of thin layer, and the content of carbonite have a great influence on the response of 3-porosity logging.we make use of core experimentation, combined with logging material, firstly the *** do the lithology correction and thinckness correction for resistivity curves, and based on the content of mud that derived from the core experimentation, the *** present the thickness correction model of gamma-ray logging and self-potential logging, and choose the appropriate ways to compute the carbonate content and using the value of mixed frame in order to correct the influence from the carbonite, based on this, the *** gives a effective methods to correct the thickness influence for 3-porosity logging.

本文首先以岩心实验结果为依据，对研究区薄层的测井响应特征和机理进行了分析，指出多种地质因素影响着储层的测井响应特征，而层厚是影响测井响应最主要的因素，且碳酸岩含量对三孔隙度测井的影响很大。利用岩心实验分析资料，结合测井资料，首先对电阻率测井曲线进行了岩性的校正和层厚校正；利用岩心分析泥质含量，研究了自然伽马和自然电位的层厚校正方法，并建立了层厚校正模型；在有效计算储层碳酸岩含量和混合骨架参数值的基础上，研究了针对碳酸岩含量对测井曲线的影响进行校正的方法，进而提出了一套对三孔隙度测井曲线的薄层层厚影响的校正模型。

Volcanic gas reservoirs of low permeability in the carboniferous of a basin are characterized by deep burial depth, complex genesis, many types, wide distribution and non-evident expressions in three-porosity log curves, as well as the variedvalues of density and compression wave of main four volcanic gas reservoirs (such as the basalt, andesite, dacite and rhyolite). So a number of effective methods based on three porosity log data cannot work in identifying the volcanic gas reservoirs of the carboniferous of the basin.

石炭系火山岩的低渗透气藏具有的埋藏深、成因复杂、类型多、分布广、三孔隙度曲线响应特征不明显等特点，并且主要的四种火山岩气藏：玄武岩、安山岩、英安岩、流纹岩的密度和纵波时差测井值差别较大，因此使基于三孔隙度测井资料的一系列识别气层的有效方法在该盆地石炭系火山岩气层的识别中无明显效果。

Based on the assumptions of semi logarithmic relationship between coefficient of permeability and void ratio as well as the relationship between effective stress and void ratio of soil, the method of Lie Group Transformation is applied to solve the non linear partial differential equation of large strain consolidation of homogeneous saturated clay in semi infinite domain.

基于有效应力与孔隙比以及渗透参数与孔隙比之间的关系的一些假定，采用李群变换求解考虑材料非线性和几何非线性的半无限均质土体大变形固结非线性偏微分方程，得到了一个不考虑自重固结的完全解析解。

The geology research of carbonate reservoirs in Ordovician of Tahe oilfield showed that many large dissolved vugs and fractures were developed. The spread of the reservoir take on a very heterogeneous state. And the typical fractured-vuggy reservoirs was formed. According to the combination of the various spaces, the formation was divided into vuggy formation, fractured-vuggy formation and fractured formation. The research showed that development of the vug is relevant to the its position on the structure, the fractures, the water surface and the weathering surface. Multi-phase charge and recharge of the oil in the reservoirs resulted in the complexity of the fluid distribution. So the"Bottle Model"was brought forward to explain the movement of the water-oil contact. The special storage space and the complex fluid distribution lead to the unstability of the production and the complexity of the water cut. In order to explain the characteristic of the fracture-vug unit was brought forward and the basic principle and method of the partition of the fracture-vug unit was formed. The classification and evaluation of the units were performed according the reserve and energy. Based on the research of geology characteristic and the fluid flow in the reservoir the comprehensive numerical simulation plan of the fractured-vuggy reservoirs were established. Through the selection of the simulation unit, fluid flow type and parameter equivalent the triple media reservoir simulation model was established. Considering the practical application the model was resolved by the DKR decomposition conjugate grads method. Based on the fine reservoir description of Dsitrict IV of the Tahe oilfield the various space type were classified and combined together. The geology model of Unit S48 was constructed. Two typical single well model was established according to the geology and the dynamic phenomena. Finally the single well model and the Unit S48 were simulated by the triple media reservoir simulator. Via the local grid refinement and coarsening in the simulation good matchs were gained. Based on the results of the simulation the reserve distribution, percent of reserve produced in various space and the natural energy were analyzed. The fluid was storaged in the fractures and vugs mostly and more than 90% the produced oil came from the systems. The energy belonged to the active one. The results of simulation accorded with the fact and showed the validity and practicability the research and the simulator.

塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩油藏的地质研究表明，其储层中发育着很多大型的溶蚀洞、缝，储层的平面展布呈现出极度的非均质性，形成了典型的缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏，根据各种孔隙介质在储层中的组合，将储层分为了溶洞型、裂缝-溶洞型和裂缝型三类；研究表明溶洞储层的发育和构造位置、裂缝的发育、潜水面和风化面的位置等因素有关；多期充注的油气成藏模式导致了流体复杂的赋存状态，由此提出了所谓的"瓶子模型"，解释生产过程中油水界面的变化；特殊的储集空间类型和流体分布特征导致油田在开发过程中表现出很大的不确定性和含水变化的复杂性，为了合理的解释油气田开发过程中的动态特征，提出了"缝洞单元"的概念，并制定了"缝洞单元"纵横向划分的基本原则和依据及划分方法，并对"缝洞单元"进行了分类和评价；基于地质特征和流体在其中流动规律的研究，提出了缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏的数值模拟综合解决方案，通过模拟单元的选择、流动类型和参数的等效，建立了三重介质油藏三维三相数值模拟模型，采用不完全LU分解预处理共轭梯度法进行了求解；在塔河油田4区精细油藏描述的基础上，将各种类型的孔隙空间进行了归类组合，建立了S48单元的地质模型；通过对油井生产动态进行分析研究，建立了两类和油井地质、生产动态相对应的单井模型；最后应用三重介质油藏数值模拟软件对单井模型和S48单元进行了数值模拟，通过局部加密和粗化等技术模拟流体流动规律，取得了很好的拟合效果；结合数值模拟结果，分析了各种介质中的储量分布、储量产出的百分比以及地层的能量，认为塔河油田缝洞型油藏中流体绝大多数储集于缝洞系统之中，所产出流体90%以上也来自于缝洞系统，其底水能量属于较充足的类型；模拟结果和油田实际情况符合较好，说明了地质研究和油藏数值模拟研究的正确性。

Research has indicated that the advantaged sedimentary facies, sand structure granularity and chipping component are the important factors affected the physical property of the reservoir; the connexity of many phases distributary riverway sand in side direction has offered the condition formed the distributing stabilization in landscape orientation and biggish scale gas reservoir; early i...

认为有利的沉积相带、砂岩结构粒度、碎屑组分是影响储集体物性的重要因素；多期分流河道砂体在侧向上相互连通为形成横向上分布稳定、规模较大的工业气藏提供了条件；烃类的早期侵位有利于储层原生孔隙的保存和次生孔隙的形成，对高效储集体的形成有着重要作用。

The meteoric diagenetic environment also have great influence on the porosity of carbonate rock.

在烃源岩热演化过程中有机酸的释放对地层水成岩环境孔隙影响较大；大气淡水成岩环境对孔隙改造也较明显。

On the basis of analysis of different kinds of reservoir petrologic feature, porosity, rate of percolation, we can conclude that the reservoir physical characterization in most cases controlled by depositional facies.

通过对不同成因类型储层的岩石学特征、孔隙度和渗透率等方面的分析研究认为，沉积环境、沉积微相与储层砂体物性之间有直接的关系。孔隙度、渗透率在平面上的分布在很大程度上受控于沉积环境和沉积微相。

For the effection of its vertical distribution,the important factor is soil porosity,to a great extent,soil moisture and soil temperature produce effection forprotozoa through soil pore spece,the discontinuous dis-tribution of soil organic material and soil micro-organisms also is a important limiting factor.

影响其垂直分布的重要因素是土壤孔隙度，土壤水分和温度很大程度上也是通过土壤孔隙对原生动物产生影响的，土壤有机质和微生物的不连续分布也是一个重要的限制因素。

The geology research of carbonate reservoirs in Ordovician of Tahe oilfield showed that many large dissolved vugs and fractures were developed. The spread of the reservoir take on a very heterogeneous state. And the typical fractured-vuggy reservoirs was formed. According to the combination of the various spaces, the formation was divided into vuggy formation, fractured-vuggy formation and fractured formation. The research showed that development of the vug is relevant to the its position on the structure, the fractures, the water surface and the weathering surface. Multi-phase charge and recharge of the oil in the reservoirs resulted in the complexity of the fluid distribution. So the"Bottle Model"was brought forward to explain the movement of the water-oil contact. The special storage space and the complex fluid distribution lead to the unstability of the production and the complexity of the water cut. In order to explain the characteristic of the fracture-vug unit was brought forward and the basic principle and method of the partition of the fracture-vug unit was formed. The classification and evaluation of the units were performed according the reserve and energy. Based on the research of geology characteristic and the fluid flow in the reservoir the comprehensive numerical simulation plan of the fractured-vuggy reservoirs were established. Through the selection of the simulation unit, fluid flow type and parameter equivalent the triple media reservoir simulation model was established. Considering the practical application the model was resolved by the DKR decomposition conjugate grads method. Based on the fine reservoir description of Dsitrict IV of the Tahe oilfield the various space type were classified and combined together. The geology model of Unit S48 was constructed. Two typical single well model was established according to the geology and the dynamic phenomena. Finally the single well model and the Unit S48 were simulated by the triple media reservoir simulator. Via the local grid refinement and coarsening in the simulation good matchs were gained. Based on the results of the simulation the reserve distribution, percent of reserve produced in various space and the natural energy were analyzed. The fluid was storaged in the fractures and vugs mostly and more than 90% the produced oil came from the systems. The energy belonged to the active one. The results of simulation accorded with the fact and showed the validity and practicability the research and the simulator.

塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩油藏的地质研究表明，其储层中发育着很多大型的溶蚀洞、缝，储层的平面展布呈现出极度的非均质性，形成了典型的缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏，根据各种孔隙介质在储层中的组合，将储层分为了溶洞型、裂缝-溶洞型和裂缝型三类；研究表明溶洞储层的发育和构造位置、裂缝的发育、潜水面和风化面的位置等因素有关；多期充注的油气成藏模式导致了流体复杂的赋存状态，由此提出了所谓的&瓶子模型&，解释生产过程中油水界面的变化；特殊的储集空间类型和流体分布特征导致油田在开发过程中表现出很大的不确定性和含水变化的复杂性，为了合理的解释油气田开发过程中的动态特征，提出了&缝洞单元&的概念，并制定了&缝洞单元&纵横向划分的基本原则和依据及划分方法，并对&缝洞单元&进行了分类和评价；基于地质特征和流体在其中流动规律的研究，提出了缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏的数值模拟综合解决方案，通过模拟单元的选择、流动类型和参数的等效，建立了三重介质油藏三维三相数值模拟模型，采用不完全LU分解预处理共轭梯度法进行了求解；在塔河油田4区精细油藏描述的基础上，将各种类型的孔隙空间进行了归类组合，建立了S48单元的地质模型；通过对油井生产动态进行分析研究，建立了两类和油井地质、生产动态相对应的单井模型；最后应用三重介质油藏数值模拟软件对单井模型和S48单元进行了数值模拟，通过局部加密和粗化等技术模拟流体流动规律，取得了很好的拟合效果；结合数值模拟结果，分析了各种介质中的储量分布、储量产出的百分比以及地层的能量，认为塔河油田缝洞型油藏中流体绝大多数储集于缝洞系统之中，所产出流体90%以上也来自于缝洞系统，其底水能量属于较充足的类型；模拟结果和油田实际情况符合较好，说明了地质研究和油藏数值模拟研究的正确性。

Carbonate rocks are characterized by multiple pore types, large variation of pore diameters, and complex structure of pore system.

碳酸盐岩的孔隙类型多，孔径变化范围大，孔隙系统结构复杂，研究难度大。

The reasons of iron ions content overproof in grade Ⅱ desalting water system,such as variation water quality,contamination of regenerant , operation adjustment of pretreatment system and switching operation of bed were discussed.

对二级脱盐水系统中铁离子含量超标的原因，如来水水质发生波动、再生剂受到污染、预处理系统操作调整、床体运行切换等进行了论述。

You were hired to drum up new business, so go and do it.

公司雇你招徕新业务，你就做你的事好了。