大孔隙

The reasons why quarter-sawn board of Larch had smaller wet compressing shear strength than flat-sawn board of Larch for repeatedly boiling samples were as follows: first of all, antiswelling efficiency between springwood and summerwood of Larch was different; secondly, pits of Larch had great effect on this aspect.

造成桦木反复煮沸压缩剪切强度径切板的比弦切板的要大的主要原因是在弦切面木射线是被横断的，因此，在弦面上留下射线管胞的孔隙，在反复煮沸时这些孔隙成为了水分的通道，因而使桦木反复煮沸压缩剪切强度径切板的比弦切板的要大。

Owing to large hardness of glauberite, majority of the meta-primary pores remained in glauberite rocks during a burying and confined condition.

由于钙芒硝岩具有相对较大的硬度，其中大多数孔隙在埋藏过程中得以保存，同时，钙芒硝岩在承压环境中受溶蚀作用还可产生晶洞孔隙，这两种孔隙均储集了大量的卤水钾盐资源。

The absorption resistance has something to do with lithology,degree of lithogenesis and thickness of caprock.The smaller the grain size of caprock is, the higher the content of clay mineral is, the stronger the degree of lithogensis is and the thicker the caprock is, the stronger the absorption resistance and the sealing ability of caprock are.

盖层封闭游离相烃类的能力由两部分组成，一个是盖层底部岩石的排替压力，一个是盖层毛细管孔隙的吸附阻力，盖层毛管孔隙的吸附阻力与盖层岩性、成岩程度、厚度有关，盖层岩石的粒度越小、粘土矿物含量越高、成岩程度越强、厚度越大、盖层的吸附阻力越大，盖层的封闭能力越强。

Through the tests on gas driving water and water driving gas, the flow law of gas and water was real-time observed. Mainly based on the test of water driving gas as an example, the development of molding coal sample and NMR triaxial osmoscope was demonstrated. The experiment process of water driving gas and parameters were demonstrated. NMRI images of molding sample in horizontal cross-section along the driving direction were obtained by NMRI instrument. The results from images were analyzed and compared. Some novel laws were obtained as the following:(1) the leading edge of water driving has inconsistency. This certified the important previous conclusion that the storage of methane mainly was absorbed in inner surface of pore from NMRI technique;(2) the existence of dominant driving pathway was tested and the way kept almost fixed. The pathway is apt to exist in the edge of coal samples where pore and fracture fully develop;(3) the variation of water flow determines the transport velocity of leading edge of water driving and it has lag effect;(4) the effectiveness of the first driving is better than the second driving;and (5) the subsequence of water driving gas are from trunk fractures to branch fractures, then to branch pores.

主要以水驱气NMRI试验为例，详细介绍了核磁共振三轴渗透仪和型煤试件的研制，并重点阐述了水驱气试验过程和相关参数，利用NMRI技术实时观测得到了不同时间沿驱替方向型煤试件水平剖面的NMRI成像图，最后对试验结果进行了比较分析，揭示了一些新的规律认识：(1)水驱替前缘具有不一致性，从NMRI试验角度验证了前人甲烷类气体赋存形式主要以吸附在孔隙内表面为主的重要结论；(2)煤试件存在优势驱替路径，且这种优势路径在驱替过程中基本保持不变，水驱气的优势驱替路径易产生在煤试件边缘，即煤孔隙裂隙发育区；(3)水驱流量变化决定了水驱前缘的运移速度，且对水驱气效果具有滞后效应；(4)水驱气初次驱替效果好于二次驱替效果；(5)水驱替气的顺序为：主要大裂隙—周边裂隙—周边孔隙。

The sand body of channel in the middle sublacustrine fan has good porosity and is favorable reservoir.

利用东濮凹陷桥口地区的地质、测井和化验分析资料，从沉积微相、成岩作用、岩石结构等多方面入手，对其储层物性特征和控制因素进行了研究，指出桥口深层气藏湖底扇中扇辫状水道砂体物性较好，为有利储集层；该储层孔隙类型以次生溶蚀粒间孔隙为主，岩石粒度较细、分选中—差、以点—线接触为主；片状或弯片状喉道所占份额较大，造成储层低孔低渗；受溶蚀和交代作用的影响，部分层位次生孔隙发育，深层中也存在物性较好的储层。

Results The diagenetic grade of Permian rift basin was quite high, and the mechanical compaction resulted in the great loss of the original pore. The eodiagenesis and telodiagenesis were important to the reservoir, and fractures were the dominant hydrocarbon migrating pathway and accumulating space; In Triassic-Paleogene Formation, mechanical compaction was as important as pressolution, and the most original pore was preserved. The exodiagenesis stage of late hercynian movement, indosinian movement and Yanshan movement played the vital role in the diagenetic evolution and hydrocarbon migration and accumulation of the basin. The argillaceous dolomite and algal dolomite discaved in Permian, which were formed probably by hybrid process in high salinity lake which had the fresh water interfused in.

结果 二叠纪裂谷盆地的成岩强度大，以机械压实作用为主，原生孔隙丧失多且早，晚期成岩作用较重要，裂缝是油气运聚的通道和空间，可出现次生孔隙发育带；三叠纪－古近纪拗陷盆地的成岩作用表现为机械压实和化学压实作用并重，原生孔隙多被保留；晚海西、印支、燕山运动等表生成岩阶段对该区的成岩演化和油气运聚起到重要作用；二叠系中特征的泥云岩和藻云岩可能是在有淡水注入的较高盐度湖泊中经混合作用而形成的。

And through the principle of effective stress constitutive model; pore water pressure, pore air pressure; and pore water and consolidation of the environment; three-part analysis and discussion that the principle of effective stress based on modern soil mechanics, faced with a large theoretical and practical test.

并通过对有效应力原理的本构模型；孔隙水压、孔隙气压；和孔隙水与固结环境；三个部分的分析、讨论，认为以有效应力原理为基础的现代土力学，面临具大的理论和实践的考验。

The high temperature activation character of weakly caking coal was investigated.

研究了弱粘结煤的高温活化特性，表明弱粘结煤高温焦碳具有较大的孔隙率和比表面积，孔隙结构的形态多、长径比大，具有良好的活性。

Reefs, reef-mounds and lime mud mounds are all carbonate buildups, and the reefs and banks are important targets for petroleum exploration The reefs, banks and mounds should be divided from each other not only in theory, but also in exploration practice, because of so many differences in sedimentary compositions, fabrics, environments, distribution in time and space, and the characteristics of petroleum geology If the original reef or bank itself was fine reservoir rocks, then it would become a better reservoir after the reservoirconstructive diagenesis The formation of a high quality carbonate reservoir is controlled by two factors: the sedimentary microfacies and the reservoirconstructive diagenesis The first is the basis for the formation of a high quality reservoir, and with the high energy reefbank facies as the best; the latter includes the cataclasis, the dolomitization and the karstification The dolomitization and karstification are the best for the formation of a high quality reservoir The karstification has the widest distribution, profoundest effect, and plays a vital role in the high quality reservoir forming The karst types are quite rich in the limestone reef or bank reservoir, including synsedimentary karst, penesedimentary karst, supergene karst and hydrothermal karst, and so does the dolomitization reef or bank reservoir The formation mechanism of synsedimentary karst and penesedimentary karst is related to the short time exposing and leaching of the cyclical highfrequency shallowupward sequence when the reefs or banks are forming The supergene karst is controlled by the exposing and leaching of tertiary cyclic sequence type I interface after the reefs or banks forming Thus, there developed a great deal of secondary corrosion pores, corrosion fractures and huge caves besides some original pores remained in the reef and bank reservoir Scarcely there are any original effective pores in reefmounds and lime mud mounds, especially in senkes among mounds, but secondary pores could be formed by karstification, and there would likely develop source rocks with high organic abundance

礁、礁丘、丘同属碳酸盐建隆，礁、滩是重要勘探目的层。但各自在沉积组分、组构、环境和时空分布，以及油气地质条件上迥然不同，因而无论从理论还是勘探实践上，都有必要将其各成体系划分开来。礁滩自身为好储集岩，当建设性成岩作用叠加后可形成好的储层。碳酸盐岩优质储层形成，主要受沉积微相与建设性成岩作用两大因素控制。前者是基础，并以高能的礁滩相带为最好；后者主要包括破裂、白云石化和溶蚀三大类，并以白云石化或溶蚀为最优，其中的溶蚀分布最广泛、影响最深刻而对优质储层形成起决定性作用。礁滩储层中的古岩溶类型最为丰富多彩，包括同生期、准同生期、表生期和埋藏期热流体岩溶的所有类型，白云岩化礁滩体也不例外。其中，同生准同生期岩溶的形成机制与礁滩沉积时高频层序旋回向上变浅序列的短暂暴露淋溶有关，表生期岩溶则受控于礁滩沉积后三级层序旋回Ⅰ型界面的暴露淋溶。由此，导致礁滩储层中除了可以也是唯一保存原生孔隙外，还发育了次生溶蚀孔洞缝和大型溶洞。礁丘、灰泥丘尤其是丘间洼地中发育高有机质丰度烃源岩；它们自身没有有效的原生孔隙，但岩溶作用可以形成次生孔隙。

The reservoir on the southwestern side of the trough mainly consists of oolith limestone, which is thick and extensively distributed but with poor reservoir quality; good lenticular dolomite reservoir only distributes in some limited areas.

海槽东北侧储层主要由次生孔隙发育的鲕粒白云岩组成，厚度大、分布广和质量好；海槽西南侧储层主要由次生孔隙欠发育的鲕粒灰岩构成，虽然厚度大、分布广，但质量较差，仅局部分布有良好的透镜状白云岩储层。

I can not make it blossom and suits me

我不能让树为我开花

When temperatures are above approximately 80 °C discolouration of the raceways or rolling elements is a frequent feature.

当温度高于 80 °C 左右时，滚道或滚动元件褪色是很常见的特征。