大孔隙

The results show that when the porosity of sample was higher, compressure rate was higher and resilience rate was lower, however resilient rate of sample with higher porosity were increased notably when pressure was increased, and it tended to accord with of sample with lower porosity. The friction coefficient was higher when porosity of paper-based friction material was higher, and the friction coefficient tended to reduce and stabilize when braking pressure was increased. The friction coefficient of sample with high porosity tended to reduce and stabilize in continuous braking cycles.

结果表明：在相同载荷下，随着孔隙率增大，材料的压缩率增加而回弹率降低，随着载荷增加，高孔隙率材料的回弹率先明显增大，而后趋于稳定；在相同比压和转速下，孔隙率越高，材料的摩擦系数越大，随着比压增加，孔隙率高的材料摩擦系数逐渐降低，且不同孔隙率材料的摩擦系数逐渐趋于一致；在连续循环制动时，高孔隙率材料的摩擦系数逐渐降低并趋于稳定。

By analyzing the problem of hydrological 3D spatial dispersion in 3D finite differential numeric simulation of porous groundwater flow, as well as discontinuous spatial distribution and asymmetric thickness of porous aquiferous strata and partitive groundwater stratum, the paper presents the GIS-based technique of 3D spatial dispersion of porous aquiferous stratum system. Besides, the paper puts forward the 3D spatial dispersion method of irregular hexahedral unit based on GIS to guarantee to the greatest degree the uniqueness of the stratum types among the dispersed units and improve the precision of 3D spatial dispersion.

分析了目前孔隙地下水流三维有限差分数值模拟中对含水层系统三维空间离散存在的问题，针对自然界孔隙含水层与隔水层空间分布的不连续性与厚度的不均匀性，研究了基於GIS的孔隙含水层系统三维空间离散实现的技术路线，提出了基於GIS与不规则六面体元的孔隙含水层系统的三维空间离散方法，最大限度地保证了离散体元中含水层类型的单一性，提高了孔隙地下水流模拟模型三维空间离散的精度。

The bigger average pore of the porosity system,the smaller size of the micro-residual oil droplet and the more dispersed micro-residual oil droplet after waterflooding, that is to say, when the average pore width is big enough,the micro-residual oil is mainly composed of isolated single-pore and dual-pores droplets whereas the blocklike remaining oil is hardly exist.

微观驱替效率随平均孔宽的增加而增加，孔隙大小决定微观剩余油液滴的大小，孔隙系统的平均孔隙半径越大，水驱之后微观剩余油的尺寸越小，分布越分散，也即当孔隙的平均孔宽较大时，微观剩余油主要是由孤立的单孔隙和双孔隙液滴组成，连片的块状剩余油几乎不存在。

The results showed as follows: the structural properties of damaged soils were spoiled with lack of waterstable aggregates and big pores, and clayish texture; the function of nutrient and water holding were also weakened. The primary countermeasures for rehabilitating damaged soils were brought forwar

结果表明：道路毁损土地的土壤团聚体的水稳性差、大孔隙较少、土壤结构破坏，土体紧实，质地粘重，土壤的通透性、保肥保水功能弱等问题，并初步提出了一些毁损土地退化修复利用的措施。

The materials used in this project were open pore travertine marble and crystal for the facade; black iron for the entrance door, paquio wood for the bookshelves and lapacho wood for the floors, both of which are native Bolivian woods.

幕墙材料是大孔隙石灰华大理石和水晶；入口门是黑色铁板；书架采用了帕奎奥木，地板采用了紫檀木，这两种都是玻利维亚当地木材。

At the super-low permeable reservior sandstone of Fu and Yang in Daqing Oilfield, many pore throats exist a lot in the types of compacted and restored flakes and curved lamellas while the pore volume of micropore and the thin, compacted and shrunken throat that contribute little to flow take large scale in the total pore space. Thereof high filtrational resistance is caused by much trouble including high content of reservoir shale, serious sensibility to pressure at waterflooding, remarkable effects of undersaturation and water blocks in micropore. A method with laboratory experiment, theoretical confirmation and field application included was adopted to analyze the non-linear flow characteristics, to reveal the deep mechanism of pinhole enveloping macropore and to provide a new technology of improving the development effect. The outcomes aquired are as follows: Multiple cores with different low and super-low permeability were selected to perform seepage experiments by gas, water and oil. Three fields of flow were observed in the reservoir at different low and super-low core permeability. They are pseudo- elastic flow, transition flow and plastic creep flow. So the concept that there was no correlation of rocky absolute permeability with fluid properties that pasted itself was broken up. Two-phase seepage of water displacing oil in uniform super-low permeability shows that the two-phase seepage zone is narrow.

针对大庆油田扶、杨特低渗透油层砂岩孔隙喉道的大小和形态以压实再生型片状、弯片状喉道分布较广，压实、缩小型细喉道型，微孔不可流动的孔隙体积所占总孔隙体积的比例较大的特点；及储层泥质含量高，注水开发中压力敏感性强、微孔隙欠饱和及水锁效应显著，导致流体渗流阻力增大的问题，本文采用室内实验、理论推证和矿场应用相结合的方法，研究、分析了流体非线性渗流特征，更深刻地揭示出小孔包围大孔的机理及产生原因，并提供了改善开发效果的新的技术方法，取得如下成果：选择不同渗透率的低渗透、特低渗透岩心，进行了气、水和油单相渗流实验，揭示出当岩心渗透率不同时，油层内的流体呈现出拟弹性流变、过渡流变、塑性蠕变三种流变区，从而打破了岩心的绝对渗透率与通过岩心流体性质无关的观点；同类特低渗透岩心的水驱油两相渗流实验表明，两相渗流区较窄。

In this paper, the relationship between the saturated hydraulic conductivity and soil macropore in evergreen broad-leaved forest of Yinyun Mountain was studied.

研究了缙云山常绿阔叶林下土壤饱和导水率和土壤大孔隙的关系。

The potential role of soil colloids and DOM in transporting Cd was investigated through in situ undisturbed paddy soil monoliths.

淋洗液中加入胶体和DOM使大孔隙土柱Cd的迁移量分别增加了16％和50％。

The results showed that tillage had stronger compaction effect on Red soil. By analyzing retention properties, water content was higher in the same suction for Red soil. Field capacity and wilting coefficient were higher for Red soil than those for Lou soil, but effective moisture and saturated hydraulic conductivity were lower for Red soil. For Red soil, Lateral infiltration ability was stronger, infiltration rate was greater than one number degree for Lou soil and preferential flow occurred easily.

结果表明：耕作片红壤有较强的压实作用；从持水特征分析，同一吸力下红壤的含水量较高，田间持水量和凋萎系数也高于塿土，而有效水含量略低于塿土，饱和导水率却低于塿土1个数量级；从入渗特征分析，红壤的侧渗能力很强，入渗率比塿土高1个数量级，容易发生大孔隙流。

An elasto-plastic constitutive model which can simulate the strain softening and strain hardening is presented.

采用在原料土中掺入水泥的方法，人工制备大孔隙结构性土。

I can not make it blossom and suits me

我不能让树为我开花

When temperatures are above approximately 80 °C discolouration of the raceways or rolling elements is a frequent feature.

当温度高于 80 °C 左右时，滚道或滚动元件褪色是很常见的特征。