大坡度

Researches show that the drive force characteristics of the electric tractor drive system based on series DC motor is close the ideal characteristics, the curves are concave, low speed with constant power, and high speed with constant torque; the electric tractor has large working speed under different shifts, but the extensive coincidence speed shows that the variable ratio of the gear is unreasonable; the maximum climbable gradient of this electric tractor is more than 30%, and does not need frequent shift when working for its extensive climbable gradient; there are many influence factors of continuous working time, which the more obvious factors are working speed and working load, the working time increases with the increase of the working speed and working load.2. Simulation researches on the drive characteristic of the electric tractor.

研究结果表明：基于串励直流电动机(来源：ABC21论文网www.abclunwen.com)的电动拖拉机电驱动系统的驱动力特性场接近理想驱动力特性场，其各挡下的驱动力特性是一组下凹的曲线，低速恒转矩，高速恒功率；同一行驶速度下所对应高挡驱动力大于低挡驱动力，这是由电机的调速特性决定的；电动拖拉机各个挡位下具有较广的稳定作业速度范围，但是各个挡位之间速度重合的范围较多，说明所用变速箱变速比与电动机匹配不合理；电动拖拉机最大爬坡度达到30%以上，并且各挡爬坡度变化范围较广，作业过程中不需要频繁换挡；影响电动拖拉机连续作业时间的因素较多，其中作业行驶速度和作业负荷影响最为明显，作业负荷越大，连续作业时间就越短，作业速度越快，连续作业时间就越短。2、电动拖拉机驱动特性仿真研究。

The landform obviously had controlled the covered ratio, occurrence, morphological feature of the cobaltrich crusts. The very gentle or steep slopes of seamounts are unfavourable to the growth of the cobaltrich crusts. The crusts mainly are platy on the steep slopes of seamounts, and rippled or pillow on the gentle slopes. The platy crusts mostly appear on the slopes of the seamounts, but the pebble crusts or cobaltrich nodules on the flat or low areas.

地形对富钴结壳覆盖率、产状、形态具有明显的控制作用，海山坡度太缓、太陡均不利于结壳的生长发育；在海山坡度较大处生长的结壳多呈平板状，而在坡度较小处生长的结壳多呈波纹状或枕状；海山的斜坡上生长的多为板状结壳，而在平坦低洼处则有利于砾状结壳、钴结核的生长发育。

According to the practical observation and result of WEPP model simulating, the rate of the soil erosion was the biggest when the slope was 18-23. The reasons were that hydraulic friction and change of the acceptant area-were decided by steep and slow of the slope.

用WEPP模型来模拟皇甫川流域坡面与侵蚀量的关系是可行的，根据试验观测及WEPP模型模拟得到结果，皇甫川地区的土壤侵蚀率在坡度是18~23℃时最大，原因主要有坡度的陡缓决定了水力阻力的大小和坡面承雨面积的改变等。

By comparing and analyzing, it is concluded that for simple and slow slope terrain, the change of wind speed around hill can be truly calculated by some experimental formula such as MSFD calculations. While for cliffy slope and complex terrain experimental formula cant calculate the wind speed truly, it is well to analyze the question by numerical simulation.

通过对比分析可得，对于简单的、坡度较小的地形，山丘周围的风速变化可以较准确的由一些经验公式，例如MSFD理论模型计算得出；而对于坡度较大的以及较复杂的地形，经验公式无法较准确地对风速做出估算，只能借助于数值模拟来分析。

With least landscape separation and less patch dendity, Pinus massoniana patch was fargoing distribution and good continuity, resulted habitat type and aspect monotony.(3)In the analysis of visual sensitivity, using 10° and 20° as the boundary to classify the slope sensitivity, the high sensitive region which slope above 20° share 11.4% of the total area of the reserve, mainly located in the middle and upside of the mountain; using

3在视觉敏感度分析中，以10°和20°为界划分坡度敏感度级别，坡度大于20°的高敏感区域占保护区总面积的11.4％，主要分布在山体的中上坡；以沿道路两侧100m、200m和300m的距离为标准划分距离敏感度等级，将保护区划分为近景带，中景带，远景带和少见带，近景带可视情况良好，中景带和远景带中，道路沿山体一侧的观景距离内有小面积的区域因地形的阻挡而影响观景视线，主要是在大小长山、马鞍山、太渔山、马驿峰、鼎冠峰、宝盖峰等山体较陡峭的地方；视域几率敏感度分析中，保护区内高可见区和中可见区占保护区总面积的87.9％，表明保护区可视面积很大。

The delta depositional system generally has three topography slope breakpoints, namely the breakpoint between topset and foreset, the breakpoint between delta foreslope and prodelta and the breakpoint between delta depositional system and normal lacustrine depositional system, of them the topography grade of the foreslope i...

三角洲沉积体系一般存在三个地形坡度转折点，即顶积层与前积层之间的转折点、三角洲前缘斜坡与前三角洲沉积之间的转折点、三角洲沉积体系与正常湖泊沉积作用之间的转折点，其中前缘斜坡的地形坡度最大。

The delta depositional system generally has three topography slope breakpoints, namely the breakpoint between topset and foreset, the breakpoint between delta foreslope and prodelta and the breakpoint between delta depositional system and normal lacustrine depositional system, of them the topography grade of the foreslope is the biggest.

三角洲沉积体系一般存在三个地形坡度转折点，即顶积层与前积层之间的转折点、三角洲前缘斜坡与前三角洲沉积之间的转折点、三角洲沉积体系与正常湖泊沉积作用之间的转折点，其中前缘斜坡的地形坡度最大。

In addition, a printing plate edge marked slopes or plate is too thin, or short-run printing of excessive wear lighter, so that the short-run suites and whitespace differences of high and low is too low and too soft pads, resulting in suites blank areaand, electro-chemical layer of aluminum foil, etc, should be made at the edge version slope near 90-degree right-angle (such as seihan with carving techniques that help you make little gradient edge version), according to the characteristics of the short-run suites, with thickness larger plate seihan, and a blank site, using a corrosion deeper stereoplasm lining for short-run; in addition, you should choose thin aluminized layer of anodized, adjust the appropriate business card printing and membership card making and adjusted pressure volume drum uponsize pressuer letoff drum.

此外，印版边沿存在明显的斜坡度或版材太薄，或印版过量烫印磨损变浅，使烫印版面与空白的高低差异太小，衬垫材料过软，造成版面空白部位与电化铝箔层接触等，应将版边沿坡度制成近90 度的直角(如采用雕刻工艺进行制版，可使版边沿几乎没有坡度)，根据烫印版面的特点，采用厚度大一些的版材制版，并将空白部位腐蚀深一点，采用硬质包衬进行烫印；此外，应选择镀铝层较薄的电化铝，调整合适的制卡和会员卡制作压力，并适当调整压卷滚筒压力和收卷滚筒拉力。

This paper introduced the concept of information entropy for analyzing the influence of DEM resolution on topographic characteristics(slope,upslope area per unit contour length and topographic index) calculation.

本文以褒河流域为例，引入信息熵的概念量化分析了 DEM分辨率对地形特征(坡度、单宽上坡集水面积和地形指数)计算的影响，发现随着 DEM分辨率的降低，计算得到的坡度值偏小，单宽上坡集水面积值偏大，从而导致地形指数计算值偏大。

This experiment takes Badaling watershed in Yanqing Beijing as an example,based on 1:10 000 the large geographical scale,adopting statistical analytical methods,the authors compared the errors of the slope,aspect,average cross section curvatures and average surface coarsens curvatures while the DEM grids varies.Besides,the authors analyzed the qualitative relation between variety of grids size and the slope,aspect,average cross section curvatures and average surface coarsens curvatures with the results of calculation.

以北京市延庆县八达岭小流域为例，不考虑DEM采样点上高程误差，采用1∶10 000大比例尺，运用统计分析方法，比较当DEM网格尺寸变化时，对坡度，坡向，剖面曲率和平面曲率计算结果的误差，分析网格尺寸的变化与坡度，坡向，剖面曲率和平面曲率计算结果之间定性定量关系。

And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, Your father and your brothers have come to you.

47：5 法老对约瑟说，你父亲和你弟兄们到你这里来了。

Additionally, the approximate flattening of surface strip using lines linking midpoints on perpendicular lines between geodesic curves and the unconditional extreme value method are discussed.

提出了用测地线方程、曲面上两点间短程线来计算膜结构曲面测地线的方法，同时，采用测地线间垂线的中点连线和用无约束极值法进行空间条状曲面近似展开的分析。