大地测量

The reliability of dynamitic system can be dealt with from two aspects, according to the reliability concept of traditional geodesy:(1). the internal reliability, which is defined as the ability to detect automatically bias in the model, it is often described by the minimum detectable bias.(2). the external reliability, which is described as the influence of undetected bias on the parameter estimates.

按照传统大地测量概念，组合动态定位系统模型的可靠性分析需考虑两个方面问题：(1)内部可靠性，它描述动态定位系统模型自动探测模型粗差或的能力，亦即能够自动检测到多小的粗差；(2)外部可靠性，它描述未检测到的粗差对状态估计结果的影响程度。

For earthquakes between M6.5-7.0 and the largest potential earthquake in the region,we should account for other two models including geodetical model and fault model.From physical aspect,we can constrain seismicity parameters by utilizing GPS data and fault slip rate.

对于震级6.5或7.0级以上的地震危险性分析，可以考虑另外两种模型，即大地测量和断层模型，从物理的角度，利用GPS数据和断层滑动速率来约束地震活动性参数。

The model based inversion methods are discussed in detail and the Monte Carlo technique, genetic algorithm and simulated annealing method are introduced in the inversion computation theories on the geodetic deformation analysis and geodynamical interpretation.

结合最优化理论讨论了基于模型的几种反演解算方法。首次将蒙特卡罗法、模拟退火算法以及遗传算法等全局最优化算法引入到大地测量形变分析和解释的反演解算理论中。

Lobal Positioning System which is called GPS for short was first introduced into China in the 80th last century.

PS~1，即全球导航定位系统于上世纪80年代末引入中国，目前主要在大地测量、海上渔业和车辆定位监控等领域得到了比较广泛的应用。

Space geodesy ; Length rates of baseline ; Postglacial rebound

空间大地测量；基线长度变化率；冰后回弹

Figure of the Earth ; Asymmetry ; Seismotectonic systems ; Heat flow ; Velocity of seismic wave ; Space geodesy.

地球形状；非对称性；地震构造系统；热流；地震波速；空间大地测量

By continuous working for 60 years, the Chinese geodesists have developed the quasi-stable adjustment principle, robust estimation based on equivalent weight principle, robust estimation for correlated observations, adaptively robust filters etc.

中国学者经过60年不懈努力，在自由网平差、拟稳平差、半参数估计、不适定问题解算方法、抗差估计、自适应滤波等领域做出了重要贡献，建立了许多新的理论、模型和方法，推进了大地测量数据处理理论的进展。

GEOS? Geodetic Earth Orbiting Satellite?

大地测量地球轨道卫星

This model can be regarded as one layer or several ones in the normalization object-oriented spatial data model, and can also be regarded as the detailed zero-dimensional object.

大地测量数据的对象模型可作为规范化空间对象模型中的一层或几层，也可作为0维对象的细化。

Our products can be used by companies which manufacture telescopes, microscopes and things like that.

我们的产品可为各类生产望远镜、显微镜、大地测量仪、照相机等的厂家提供配套。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。