大众社会

The writing pattern of facing the mass which is getting more and more popular after the Enlightenment is under review because the emergence of the mass society and the mass man.

启蒙以来日益得以伸张的面向大众的写作模式因为大众社会的产生和大众人的成批出现而受到反思。

Although Arendt did not articulate a dear solution to these problems, she still offer us a specific access to them by analyzing the phenomena which have already existed in the political sphere such as ideological tenor, the end of the Rights of Man, lies, violence, hypocrisy, guilt, evil, and by examining the conceptions such as the natality and the plurality of human-beings, the capacity of actions and thinking, and the sensus communis. She not only argued for the unique of Man but also emphasized the human-beings in the plural sense; Her formulation of her anti- totalitarianism thought not only demonstrated her guard against the possible invasion of the private space made by the public space, but also shows u s her yearning for the re-birth of the public realm; Her inclination to classical republicanism not only echoes the ancient Greek spirit, but also can be interfused into the contemporary philosophical context.

她虽然没有给出一个针对上述问题的清晰答案，但是，她仍然通过对于政治领域中业已存在着的诸种现象--如意识形态恐怖、人权的丧失以及谎言、暴力、伪善、罪恶等一的分析，并通过对于人的"必然诞生"、人的复数性、人的行动能力、思考能力以及判断力、人的共同感等概念的梳理，提供了一个针对上述问题的独到的思考视角；她既论证了人的存在的独特性和不可替代性，但同时也复数意义上的人作了强调；她对于反极权、反强权思想的理论阐述，既表明了她对于私人领域之遭受公共领域与大众社会侵蚀的警惕，同时更表明了她对于公共领域之再生的关心；她的古典共和主义的倾向，既与古希腊精神遥遥相应，又切中了由当代现实问题所引发的诸多理论关切。

This "pessimistic mass society thesis" stressed the conservative and reconciliatory role of "mass culture" for the audience.

这个悲观的大众社会论题为听众强调"大众文化"的保守和和解的角色。

The English language, perhaps like the mass of English society itself, was unruly and unrefined.

可能好象英国大众社会的本身一样，英语曾是猖獗和不文雅的。

The English language , perhaps like the mass of English society itself, was unruly and unrefined.

Robert McCrum 教授说：可能好象英国大众社会的本身一样，英语曾是猖獗和不文雅的。

Indeed, the problem of dealing with boredom may be even more difficult for such a future mass society than it was for aristocracies.

确实， 与过去的贵族相比，对于这样一个未来的大众社会来说，对付无聊的问题可能更为困难得多。

When one recalls how aristocracies in the past actually behaved, the prospect is not cheerful.

recall 回忆 mass society 意为&大众社会&译文：当我们回想一下过去贵族实际的所作所为时，前景就不会乐观了。

Although Arendt did not articulate a dear solution to these problems, she still offer us a specific access to them by analyzing the phenomena which have already existed in the political sphere such as ideological tenor, the end of the Rights of Man, lies, violence, hypocrisy, guilt, evil, and by examining the conceptions such as the natality and the plurality of human-beings, the capacity of actions and thinking, and the sensus communis. She not only argued for the unique of Man but also emphasized the human-beings in the plural sense; Her formulation of her anti- totalitarianism thought not only demonstrated her guard against the possible invasion of the private space made by the public space, but also shows u s her yearning for the re-birth of the public realm; Her inclination to classical republicanism not only echoes the ancient Greek spirit, but also can be interfused into the contemporary philosophical context.

她虽然没有给出一个针对上述问题的清晰答案，但是，她仍然通过对于政治领域中业已存在着的诸种现象--如意识形态恐怖、人权的丧失以及谎言、暴力、伪善、罪恶等一的分析，并通过对于人的&必然诞生&、人的复数性、人的行动能力、思考能力以及判断力、人的共同感等概念的梳理，提供了一个针对上述问题的独到的思考视角；她既论证了人的存在的独特性和不可替代性，但同时也复数意义上的人作了强调；她对于反极权、反强权思想的理论阐述，既表明了她对于私人领域之遭受公共领域与大众社会侵蚀的警惕，同时更表明了她对于公共领域之再生的关心；她的古典共和主义的倾向，既与古希腊精神遥遥相应，又切中了由当代现实问题所引发的诸多理论关切。

It is common knowledge and rather obvious that contemporary art and pop culture have been influencing and mixing up with each other with ever stronger momentum. Generally speaking, such phenomenon is caused by the following factors: first of all, pop culture is an unavoidable existence in the field of the contemporary social culture, especially in urban culture. Elements of pop culture are always employed by artists who attempt to present the modern social life in a critical, ironical or neutral way. But their standpoint and intention of choosing the visual resources are different from that of the mass media and the public.

众所周知，在当代社会中艺术与大众文化的相互渗透、混杂的现象已经明显加剧，造成这种现象的原因大致有这么几点：首先，大众文化是当代社会文化领域，特别是都市文化领域中一个不能回避的问题，不管艺术家是处于批判、反讽或者是不动声色的呈现当代社会生活的时候都涉及到运用大众文化形态的问题，只不过艺术家选择这些视觉资源的时候其出发点及立场与大众传媒和社会公众不同。

Their "pessimistic mass society thesis" reflected the authors' experience of the breakdown of modern Germany into fascism during the 1930s, a breakdown which was attributed, in part, to the loosening of traditional ties and structures--which were seen as then leaving people more "atomised" and exposed to external influences, and especially to the pressure of the mass propaganda of powerful leaders, the most effective agency of which was the mass media.

他们的悲观大众社会论题在 1930 年代期间反映现代的德国崩溃的作家经验进法西斯主义之内，是归于的崩溃，一部份，对传统的关系和结构的放松--被看到当然后正在留下人较多的&atomised&而且对外部的影响力暴露之时，和尤其对有力的领袖大众的宣传压力，最有效的代理是大众传媒。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失