大众文学

Combined with modern media, the traditional culture of chivalrous conducts goes to the public, occupying more and more readers compared to the belles-lettres, reflecting the massespurchase of individual freedom, imagination about and escape from the reality, and keenness on heroic complex.

传统的武侠文化与现代传媒的结合，使武侠文化真正走向了大众，并对传统的"雅文学"起到了很大的消解作用，折射出大众对个性自由的追求、对现实的虚拟与逃避、对"英雄情结"的留恋。

Being a newly literature style which descend the noblest traditional literature to commonage of pasture,however, the academia gave less discussion to the meaning of the existence of network literature and the nuance new quality different from traditional literature.

网络文学作为一种全新的、使原本有着高贵品格的文学向平民大众下降的新的文学形态，目前学术界对其的定义以及区别于传统书面文学而呈现的新质性的讨论仍然欠缺。

Traditional one.Being a newly literature style which descend the noblest traditional literature to commonage of pasture,however, the academia gave less discussion to the meaning of the existence of network literature and the nuance new quality different from traditional literature.

网络文学作为一种全新的、使原本有着高贵品格的文学向平民大众下降的新的文学形态，目前学术界对其自身的定义以及区别于传统书面文学而呈现的新质性的讨论仍然欠缺。

Realism: The attempt in literature and art to represent life as it really is, without sentimentalizing or idealizing it. Realistic writing often depicts the everyday life and speech of ordinary people. This has led, sometimes, to an emphasis on sordid details.

现实主义：在文学和艺术中按照生活的本来面目去反映生活，不把它感伤化也不把它完美化，现实主义文学作品往往展现日常生活和普通大众，这就会导致了现实主义文学通常会反映社会的阴暗面。

At the same time, with the rise of modern mass culture and the electronic media. Developed, modern literature classic Reinterpreting have started from the traditional literary criticism and literary accepted way to the image of the electronic media approach.

同时，随着现代大众文化的兴起和电子传媒的发达，对现代文学经典的重释，也开始由传统的文学接受和文学批评的方式，转向电子传媒的图像化方式。

When network becomes one of intermediaries of literature, its suppositional feature makes it resemble the people grand carnival fancy ball with the dummy, symbolic, and interactive characteristics. Also the hubbub, relaxed liberty, and the vulgar humorous language in network literature manifest its distinct carnival color. Compared with the traditional elite literature, network literature, with gradually richening form, has had the common people consciousness that everybody can participate in; and has had the particularity of desire consumption, and the pursuing of real life.

当网络成为文学的传播媒介时，网络的虚拟性又使得网络文学具备了像民间盛大的狂欢节化妆舞会，具有广场狂欢的虚拟性、符号性和交互性；网络文学的众声喧哗、轻松自由、富有个性的诙谐粗鄙语言等特点更加显现其狂欢色彩；与精英化的传统文学相比，网络文学具备了全民参与的平民意识，具备了大众文化欲望消费、追求现实生活的审美特质，其审美形式也在日渐丰富。

The connection of Literature and medium is more and more tightness in the mass media age, and attended widely by academia. The academician discussed deeply the influence of medium to literature, developing progress and so on. But they had less attention at the influence of literature medium to accepters, especially about their aesthetic change.

大众传媒时代文学和媒介的关系日益紧密，并为学界广泛关注，学者从媒介对文学产生的影响、发生过程等多方面进行了深入地探讨，但是在文学媒介对受众的影响，尤其是受众审美转变方面关注不够。

The "LIU Xin-wu Uncovers The Secret of Hong Lou Meng" becomes a event of culture from sphere to public sphere. The man of elite to diegesis text and by means of media: CCTV, network, newspapers and so on make private sphere to popularize, and it forms popular literature which is the initial popular culture. Experts of "Hong Lou Meng" criticize the action on academic research, but the criticism encounters boycott and resist from popular.

&刘心武揭秘《红楼梦》&从私人形式变成公共领域的文化事件，是在契合大众审美趣味上，精英知识分子的文本叙述经过央视、网络、报刊等媒介，使私人空间大众化，形成了大众文化的最初形态通俗文学，红学家等精英知识分子对其学术性的批评，遭致了大众的抵制与反抗，从而形成文化事件。

In the past, Literature has always been the Upper-class' culture, today it has enter the Visual field of common person, and the Popularization of contemporary literature absolutely can be seen as one of the evangels that the mass media brings to us.

当然另一方面，文学与传媒的紧密结合也使得当代文学的每一步发展都离不开大众传媒的介入与运作，而这种媒体化的操作又引发了文学的庸俗媚俗、市场化、商业化等系列恶果。

Economic power manipulates literary production within the literary field through economic capital from outside of the field by configuring a dichotomy of popular literature and belles lettres.

永无休止的文学创新以及包括大众媒介在内的文学体制对于先锋文学毫无节制的经典化，耗尽了文学内容和形式的全部资源，终于使文学从现代主义走向了后现代主义的大逃亡，而后现代主义则表现了文学病入膏肓的全部症状。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失