大企业

So the number of raising seed lings and planting was the best in china at that time. At the same time, they combined planting and economic trees. Fruit trees together. Thus the economy was promoted efficiently. In the aspect of industry and commerce construction, XinGuixi developed state-own industry while supporting private run enterprises. One of the main features of Guang xi industry was that both the factory number and fund of nonvoter mental industry surpassed the stale run industry. Another feature was that the development of Guang xi industry changed greatly because of the influence of outside world. The reason was that many enterprises in other provinces moved to Guang xi after the war of resistance.

工商业建设方面：新桂系在发展公营工业同时，积极扶持私营企业的发展，使广西民营工业无论在工厂数还是资金方面都超过公营工厂，这是广西工业一大特点，另一特点是广西工业的发展受到外界因素影响而发生较大变化，这主要是抗战后许多外省企业内迁广西，使广西工业的发展超出寻常发展轨迹，使广西企业在质量和数量上出现较大的飞跃。

Supply chain management came from classical logistic problems. With the trend of global economic developing coming into being, enterprise management is not limited to logistic and financing management. The relation of enterprises is materialized to communicate information in broad sense, and achieve cooperation and win-win results. But many contradiction produced, coordination is needed. This brought up a tideway of research in academe.

供应链管理最早从物流管理演变而来，随着全球化经济发展的大趋势形成，企业管理已经不仅在于物流和资金流，企业关系管理更多体现在广义上的信息沟通，进而达到企业间的大范围、深层次合作与共赢，其间产生的各种矛盾与协调问题困扰着企业界，也引发了学术界的研究热潮。

Shenzhen Walkover Semiconductor Lighting Co., Ltd. is a hi-tech enterprise specialized in the research, development, manufacture, and sales of all types of LED illumination and decoration products.

深圳沃科半导体照明有限公司是中国目前最大的新材料生产和国内知名高新技术企业方大集团的全资子公司，集LED光电产品开发、生产、销售和工程服务于一体，是市政府认定的高科技企业，拥有先进的现代化生产设备，技术力量强大，经济实力雄厚，是目前国内最早涉足和最具规模的LED系列产品的综合性专业生产销售企业之一。

Marketing ethic come down to corporation and sellers two arrangement:one side,to the maine body,modern enterprise are in a complex society system,its management campaign is meetly embodyed by marketing campaign.on the otherhand,to the marketing personnel,during the marketing they directly represent the behavior of corporation,namely marketing ethic is put up by the unit of marketing.reversely,customers and publics judge if it is good law and moral by marketing action of enterprise and carrying through marketing activity according to the corporation marketing ethic.

营销伦理涉及到企业组织和营销人员两个层次：一方面，从企业这个主体看，现代企业处于一个复杂的社会大系统中，企业的经营行为在相当程度上是通过营销活动表现出来；另一方面，从营销人员的行为看，他们在营销活动中，更是直接代表了企业行为，即营销伦理由营销活动中的个体表现出来。反过来，消费者及社会公众则是通过企业营销行为来判断其是否符合法律规定和社会道德要求。

Stayner's Lean Manufacturing implementations have included the full breadth of production characteristics: extremely high daily volume to just a few products per year, low optionality to configuredto-order and even engineered-to-order products, machine-intensive to labor-only factories, product sizes from very large to microscopic, heavy industry to clean rooms.

他的的精益生产实施涵盖各种形成的生产流程：从日产量很高的企业到一年只生产几台的企业；从定单配置很低的产品企业到根据订单配置，乃至到根据定单设计的产品企业；从自动化密集性企业到劳动密集性企业。产品包括从非常大的到非常细小的，从重工业到绝对无尘室。

In market aspect,MNEs have rigidity of market crowding out,can possess market rapidly and potentially,build the bulwark of market entering,while it also has absolute advantage of brands. At the same time,they also develop a pattern of value chain of vertical specialization,by which,Chinas enterprises may have a chance to get into MNEs global value chain and acquire market room. In industry aspect,while MNEs control the industry by stock property and the advantage of brands,they provide a chance of industrial transfer and industrial linkages. Chinas enterprises could strengthen industrial linkages and achieve industrial drive by technology innovation and agglomeration effect. In technology aspect,because of the nature of MNEs technology monopoly,Chinas enterprises must face the dilemma of technology dependence,technology unadaptability and technology trap. But MNEs may also transfer technology to Chinas enterprises by competition effect,demonstration effect and cooperation effect. Moreover,Chinas enterprises could make use of MNEs investment of "oligopolistic reaction"in China to accelerate technology transfer.

在市场层面，跨国公司对中国企业具有市场挤出的刚性，市场占有速度快、潜力大，构筑市场进入壁垒，具有绝对品牌优势，但也在中国形成垂直专业化分工的价值链模式，中国企业获得链入跨国公司全球价值链，获取自身市场空间的机会；在产业层面，跨国公司借助股权安排和品牌优势实施产业控制，但也提供了产业梯度转移和产业关联的契机，中国企业可以通过技术创新和聚集效应，增强产业关联，实现产业带动；在技术层面，跨国公司出于技术垄断本性，使中国企业面临技术依赖、技术非适应性甚至技术陷阱的困境，但也通过竞争效应、示范效应、合作效应对中国企业进行技术转移，中国企业还可以利用跨国公司在华&寡占反应&投资，加速技术转移。

The behaviour models including family, enterprise, landowner and government are built. The behaviour of economic main body is formulized. The algorithms of expected indirect function of maximal expected utility on behalf of family, enterprise and landowner in daily life are proposed. The algorithms of maximal expected utility while family and enterprise location choice action are proposed.

建立了家庭、企业、土地所有者与政府的行为模型，将各主体的行为公式化，提出了日常生活中代表家庭、企业及土地所有者最大期望效用水平的期望间接效用函数的计算方法；家庭、企业在土地选择行为中的最大期望效用值即满足度函数的计算方法。

For connoisseurs of chicanery, I have attached as Appendix A on page 22 a previously unpublished satire on accounting practices written by Ben Graham in 1936. Alas, excesses similar to those he then lampooned have many times since found their way into the financial statements of major American corporations and been duly certified by big-name auditors. Clearly, investors must always keep their guard up and use accounting numbers as a beginning, not an end, in their attempts to calculate true "economic earnings" accruing to them.

有趣的企业会计并不是件新鲜事，对于企业诈骗的专家，我特别附上班哲明葛拉罕在 1936 年所写未经出版有关会计做帐的讽刺性文章，自此之后，我们可以发现这种葛拉罕所描写的方法散见于各大美国企业财务报表中，而且全部都经过各大会计师事务所签证背书，所以对此投资人必须特别提高警戒，要了解在计算一家公司的实质的经济盈余时，会计数字只不过是个出发点，而绝非是最后的结果。

Superadded that there are some problems such as irrational financing structure and serious information asymmetry occur in private enterprises financing. All these bring on great risk in private enterprises financing.

然而民营企业由于其抗风险能力弱，因而存在着较大的经营风险，再加上民营企业融资活动中存在着融资结构不合理、严重的信息不对称等问题，使得民营企业融资具有较大的风险性。

Shenhua-Ningmei is the largest company in Ningxia and part of the Shenhua Group, China′s largest coal producer.

神华宁夏煤业集团公司是宁夏规模最大的企业，为实现国有企业的强强联合，今年年初由中国最大的煤炭生产企业——神华集团增资控股。

And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, Your father and your brothers have come to you.

47：5 法老对约瑟说，你父亲和你弟兄们到你这里来了。

Additionally, the approximate flattening of surface strip using lines linking midpoints on perpendicular lines between geodesic curves and the unconditional extreme value method are discussed.

提出了用测地线方程、曲面上两点间短程线来计算膜结构曲面测地线的方法，同时，采用测地线间垂线的中点连线和用无约束极值法进行空间条状曲面近似展开的分析。