大企业

At present domestic retail business has formed the much configuration such as large country chain and regional chain to interlink mode, its huge matter flows deserve to sent the current situation to be destined to build the demand that oneself content sheds establishment, but at present retail business other people sorts development two big problems face in construction: It is premise of land sell one's own things be with link up with of apanage taxation pay, ask enterprise fractionation is registered, bring about business management difficulty to increase; 2 it is content shedding setting of condition of the sell one's own things that use the land is taller, bring about company project to build difficulty bigger.

目前国内零售企业已经形成大型国内连锁与区域性连锁等多形态连锁模式，其巨大的物流配送现状注定了建设自有物流设施的需求，但是目前零售企业物流开发建设中面临两大问题：一是土地出让前提是与属地税收缴纳挂钩，要求企业拆分注册，导致企业管理难度加大；二是物流用地出让条件设置较高，导致企业项目建设难度较大。

Shareholders are short of a restriction-and-balance mechanism. For state-owned enterprises, the final managers of the assets are holding the absolute majority of shares and indifferent to asset efficiency. For civil enterprises, the enterprise under control may just be a chessman on board, which means its strategy can be scarified for exchange for holding companies'interests. Different information advantages cause different supervision costs. Large costs can cause the shareholders to waive the supervision rights, which may be acquired by other stakeholders like managers, so even dispersive shareholder structure may go through strategic failure. The healthiness of external supervision regulation can influent the strategic participation of shareholders, since it directly influents the interest expectation of shareholders.

对国有企业来讲，大部分存在一股独大的特征，而国有资产最后管理者缺乏对资产效益的内在关心，这是导致管理者缺位的关键；对民营企业来讲，被控股企业可能是其投资安排的一个棋子，如果牺牲部分利益可以换得更多利益，或者能够将股份公司的利益直接转移到控股公司，企业的战略失败就很难避免；股东们的信息优势不同，造成监督代价不同，如果监督的代价过大就会导致股东放弃监督，而股东放弃的监督权必然被其他利益相关者，如经理人获得并被利用，因此分散的股东群体也可能出现战略失败；外部监督法规的健全与否对股东的战略参与行为有重大影响，因为它直接影响了股东的利益预期。

Shanghai Instrument Corporation is one large country profile company, is "China's 500 largest industrial enterprises," one of "national industrial enterprises in technology development strength hundred" is one of Shanghai "high-tech enterprise" is also the largest , the product category most complete, the system capacity of the strongest sets of automatic instrument manufacturers.

上海仪表公司是国家大型一档企业，是＂中国500家最大工业企业＂之一，＂全国工业企业技术开发实力百强＂之一，是上海市＂高新技术企业＂也是国内规模最大，产品门类最全，系统成套能力最强的自动化仪表制造企业。

At present under the socialist market economy condition, completes the enterprise staff thought political work the key is the Central Party Committee 17 big spirits in every sense of the term implementations basic unit Since the specially reform and open policy, has had many head of undertaking, deceives both superiors and subordinates works for one's own interests under the guise of working for the public, thought the present does not have the movement, in the waist the animal pen axe, the fan which in the hand takes, often on greatly sends the arms, teaches whips the staff, often on to the authority coerces the staff, simply not staff when the person looked, the wages casually decides, bully softly, is hard feared, pays out the wages not to have the pay list, wants to give how many to give how many, Sunday does not let the staff rest, does not pay adds the spot to spend If you offer an opinion to him, regards you is the thorn in one's side, the thorn in the side, does everything possible to carry on retaliates you, and direct descendant wilfully tolerates using the hand in authority to oneself, to give the green light to something, to holds the different political view greatly to open killing They use in the hand two "magic weapon" to benefit as the third party in a dispute, deceive both superiors and subordinates flatter the higher authority, exploits power, violates the country head of undertaking the cadre relative about to forbid in this enterprise to be engaged in production management the stipulation Also uses in the hand the authority private full center pouch, is greedy, does everything possible to concoct pretexts makes the forged account, high keeps off the office supplies with the government money purchase modern age to converge the oneself to have, makes the forged account to reimburse the beach person cost, digs national the corner of a wall Then receives using the duty gives the sales commission,包产 outside the package exits the enterprise outside, fishes for the wealth, even allies the annual bonus, violates the country and the enterprise stipulated, then 参股using the duty manages the enterprise But greatly gives the discount in the staff benefit treatment aspect, in 工资分 is joined to greatly makes the issue, drills the national policy spatial, borrows the wage reform is the excuse, seeks the benefit for own clique, borrows the work then to provide the special sedan car for the enterprise basic unit leadership, all expenses completely are responsible by the unit, to become not to pay the solid private sedan car The party and the country stressed repeatedly that, strictly prohibits the leading cadre to exploit power, but such stipulation into head of undertaking cadre's neglected advice, really it may be said in has the policy, gets down has the countermeasure If the country does not carry on effective supervising and managing to the enterprise, does not carry on the strengthened management, gets down for a long time, they can depend on right and not the improper income become the millionaires and surely the wealthy man, the state asset can massively drain, but government's policy can become a mere scrap of paper, loses it in common people's prestige Let these clothes eating insects embezzle national the property, thus causes the enterprise to move towards goes out of business, such example is too numerous to cite individually The working class is the national master, such formulation until now is does not have the question, but present working class's actual condition how?

目前在社会主义市场经济条件下，做好企业职工思想政治工作的关键是把党中央十七大精神不折不扣的贯彻到基层。特别是改革开放以来，有不少的企业领导，欺上瞒下假公济私，认为现在没有运动，腰里苄着斧子，手里拿的扇子，动不动就大发干戈，训策职工，动不动就以权力要挟职工，简直不把职工当人看，工资随便定，欺出软，硬出怕，发工资没有工资单，想给多少给多少，星期天不让职工休息，不付加斑费。如果你给他提意见，就视你为眼中钉，肉中刺，想方设法进行报复你，利用手中的权力对自己和嫡系任意纵容，大开绿灯，对持不同政见者大开杀界。他们用手中的两件"法宝"渔翁得利，欺上瞒下讨好上级，以权谋私，违反国家关于企业领导干部亲属禁止在本企业从事生产经营活动的规定。还利用手中的权力私饱中囊，多吃多占，想方设法巧立名目做假帐，用公款购买现代高挡办公用品归为己有，做假帐报销滩人成本，挖国家的墙角。利用职务之便收授回扣，把企业外包产品外包出去，从中捞取钱财，甚至加盟人股，违反国家和企业规定，利用职务之便参股办企业。而在职工福利待遇方面大打折扣，在工资分配上大做文章，钻国家政策的空，借工资改革为借口，为自己的小集团谋利益，借工作之便为企业基层的领导配备专门的小轿车，一切费用全部由单位负责，成为名不付实的私家小轿车。党和国家一再强调，严禁领导干部以权谋私，而这样的规定成为企业领导干部的耳旁风，真可谓上上有政策，下有对策。如果国家对企业不进行有效监管，不进行强化管理，长期下去，他们会靠正当和不正当的收入成为百万富翁和千万富翁，国有资产就会大量流失，而政府的政策就会成为一纸空文，失去其在老百姓中的信誉。让那些蛀虫侵吞国家的财产，从而使企业走向倒闭，这样的例子不胜枚举。工人阶级是国家的主人，这样的提法至今是没有问题的，可是现在的工人阶级的实际状况又如何呢？

With the external environment improving, family business plays a more and more important role in promoting economic growth and reducing unemployment, and meanwhile family business owners yearn for growing in size and strength, but the problem to the interior governance structure of family business has become the biggest obstacles to enterprise development.

随着外部环境的改善，家族企业在推动经济增长、减少失业等方面发挥着重要的作用，同时家族企业主"做大做强"的愿望也越来越强烈，但家族企业内部治理结构存在的问题渐渐成为我国家族企业发展的最大障碍，因此本文将研究家族企业内部治理结构。

In view of the general relationship between corporate income tax burden and scale of enterprises, in a rectangular coordinate system, suppose that ordinate axis stands for tax burden and abscissa axis stands for scale of enterprises, then the curve of tax burden of three cities' enterprises is like a flat S. that's to say, tax burden of the smallest enterprises is relatively high, that of enterprises scaled from 5 million to 10 million yuan is the lowest, and then tax burden increases with the scale going up. The trend continues until the scale of enterprises is beyond 100 million yuan and the top point appears. When the scale of enterprises expands to 800 million yuan, the tax burden starts to turn down and is lower than that when the scale of enterprises is beyond 100 million yuan.

就企业所得税负担与企业规模的一般关系看，如果以直角坐标系的纵轴表示税负，横轴表示企业规模，那么随着企业规模的变大，三城市企业的税负曲线呈一个平躺着的S形状，即规模最小的企业税负较高，500到1，000万元企业的税负率最低，然后企业的税负率开始随规模的增加而提高，这种趋势一直延续到企业规模超过1亿元时达到最高点，待企业规模继续扩张到8亿元左右时，税负开始回落，并将低于原先超过1亿元时的水平。

On the bases of investigating and grasping the materials about the AHPPEs, AHPPEs' developing situation is analyzed completely in this article on vertical direction of time order and horizontal direction of department, in the meantime, material buying process, capital's using rate, and product selling process are also analyzed completely. Pointing out because the differences of owning right among State-Operated Enterprises, Collectively Operated Enterprises and Privately Operated Enterprises, there are differences in the producing behavior and trade development.A. According to the theory of producer behavior, POEs is on the way from stageⅠto stage Ⅱ,economic interests increasing;COEs is on the end of stageⅡ,economic interests decreasing;SOEs on stage Ⅲ,economic interests is negatively increasing.Model analyzing method shows that scale economic doesn't exist in SOEs and COEs, but POEs is the reverse.B. Different owning right enterprises have great differences in the respect of capital scale,product making and selling processes, at last SOEs and COEs' economic interests is much less than that of POEs. Scale economic doesn't exist in SOEs and COEs, POEs have the potential of developing scale economic, furthermore, the new-coming horizontal in the horizontal structure have the good situation.

在跟踪调查掌握资料的基础上，文章对该区农畜产品加工企业的发展状况从时间序列的纵向和行业结构的横向进行了比较分析，同时又从原材料购买过程、资金的利用效率以及产品的销售过程等各个方面进行了全方位地剖析，指出由于企业存在着国有、集体和民营产权类型的不同，导致生产行为和行业发展存在着差异：A、生产者行为理论分析总结出，民营企业正在处于第Ⅰ阶段向第Ⅱ阶段的过度区，经济效益上升；集体企业处于第Ⅱ阶段的末端，经济效益下降；国有企业处于第Ⅲ阶段，经济效益负增长。B、不同产权企业在资金规模，产品的生产和售卖过程上存在着很大不同，最终导致国有和集体企业经济效益比民营企业要差得多，用模型方法分析得出结论：国有企业和集体企业都不存在规模经济，而民营企业存在规模经济的发展潜力，并且在行业结构中属于民营产权的新兴行业发展状况良好。C、行业间也存在着很大的不同：集体企业的优势行业是制酒、粮食加工和肉食品加工等行业；民营企业的优势在皮件类、服装、粮食加工和制酒等行业；国有企业当中食品加工、肉食品加工和食品冷库类是优势行业。

In the article, a mixed strategy game model of government's daily inspection to enterprises has been established and the solution has been carried on. The result showed that:(1) the probability of enterprises'choosing according to the plan implementation of project reduces along with the government's supervision cost increases;(2) the project fund obtained by enterprises is bigger, the enterprises are more likely to carry out project according to the plan;(3) the enterprise's production costs of the greater proportion of project funding, the government more needs to strengthen the inspection.

文中建立了政府对企业检查的混合战略博弈模型，并进行了求解，结果显示：(1)企业选择按计划实施项目的概率随着政府监督成本的增加而减小；(2)企业获得的项目资金越大，企业越有可能按计划实施项目；(3)企业的生产成本占项目资金的比例越大，政府越需要加强检查。

As to the first research topic, we present a 'Noble Brand Positioning Four Master Phases Theory': Brand Space Theory, Brand Capital Theory, Brand Value Theory and Brand Circle Theory in advance. Following based on the Principal Component Analysis of statistical theory, we implemented the quantitative research in the 'Noble Brand Positioning Four Master Phases Theory'. We used the most famous fast food brand 'McDonald' s' as the sample space. The simulation test result shows that the Overall Index Explanatory Power is 83% under the Cronbath' s a is 0.88 through the quantitative verification. This result gives a strong support in defining the Noble Four Niche Phases Theory as the important strategic factor in establishing brand positioning index. After completing the quantitative research, the Principal Weight of each Sub-Niche is positive. This also implies that the Noble Brand Positioning Four master Phases Theory represents positive affection to brand positioning index. We also created the following Sub-Niches those are rarely mentioned in the past literatures. The Sub-Niches are:'Endless Running Strategy, Business Environment Strategy, Physical Capital Strategy, Brand Logo, Brand Music, Business Life Strategy, Personnel Capital Strategy, Life Cycle Strategy, Trust Mask Strategy, Re-Positioning Strategy, Word-Power Strategy, Globalization Strategy, Network Revolution Strategy and Green Brand Strategy'. The quantitative verification model can classify the responses of the sampling space into groups. After that, we used the quantitative verification process to classify the Target Consumer. And through the Principal Component Analysis, the group that owns the biggest average value consists of the Master Target Consumers for the business. This result would become the best suggestion for the business to adjust its strategies and to upgrade the productivity efficiency and create higher profit. As to the second research topic, we focused on finding the best corresponding characteristics attributes of the Brand Music for the Brand Log.

针对第一个研究主题，本文首先提出了一种创新性的品牌定位利基理论（A New Brand Positioning Niche Phase Theory）；品牌空间论，品牌资本论，品牌价值论与品牌循环论，接着本文以统计理论的主成份分析方法针对本文所提的创新性的品牌定位利基理论进行量化研究，本文以快餐业中知名品牌麦当劳作为样本空间，由量化验证的结果显示在信度分析Cronbatch's α为0.88之下其总指标解释力（Overall Index Explanatory Power）为83％，验证本文所提的创新性的品牌定位利基理论是构建品牌定位的重要策略因素，同时经由量化分析结果每项主成分权重值皆为正值更验证了本文所提的企业创新性的品牌定位利基理论与品牌定位指标呈现正相关：同时本文所提出次利基：'永续经营策略、企业环境策略、实体资本策略、企业生命策略、品牌标志策略、品牌音乐策略、人际资本策略、生命周期策略、信任标志策略、重新定位策略、文字威力策略、放眼全球策略、网络革命策略与绿色品牌策略'更是其它文献所未提及的：本文量化验证模式更可将样本空间中的responses分类群组，然后量化验证以界定目标市场，经由分析结果显示，其中具最大主成份百分位序均值者所属群组，即为企业中的主力消费群，提供企业决策者参考，进而调整其企业策略，而为企业提升生产效率创造更大的利润。

He wins points for his efforts to save Soviet-era behemoths like the OAO GAZ auto factory and an aircraft maker.

他由于出手挽救OAO GAZ汽车制造厂和一家飞机生产商等苏联时代遗留下来的大企业，而在自己的功劳簿上记下了一笔。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。