大主教的

JOHN, by the grace of God King of England, Lord of Ireland, Duke ofNormandy and Aquitaine, and Count of Anjou, to his archbishops,bishops, abbots, earls, barons, justices, foresters, sheriffs,stewards, servants, and to all his officials and loyal subjects,Greeting.

约翰，上帝给我们的恩赐，英格兰的王，爱尔兰的领主，诺曼底和阿奎潭的丢克，Anjou的考特，向他的大主教，主教，修道院院长，厄尔，巴仁，法官，森林守护官，郡长，管家，办事员，及所有的公职人员和忠实的仆人，问候。

Although, therefore, it was decreed at the sacred general council recently held at Rome [35 ] that the teaching of John Wyclif, of cursed memory, should be condemned and the books of his containing this teaching should be burnt as heretical; although his teaching was in fact condemned and his books burnt as containing false and dangerous doctrine; and although a decree of this kind was approved by the authority of this present sacred council [36 ] ; nevertheless a certain John Hus , here present in person at this sacred council, who is a disciple not of Christ but rather of the heresiarch John Wyclif, boldly and rashly contravening the condemnation and the decree after their enactment, has taught, asserted and preached many errors and heresies of John Wyclif which have been condemned both by God's church and by other reverend fathers in Christ, lord archbishops and bishops of various kingdoms, and masters in theology at many places of study.

虽然，因此，这是命令，在神圣的总理事会最近在罗马举行的〔 35 〕认为，教学的约翰wyclif ，受诅咒的记忆，应该受到谴责和书籍，他含有这种教学应被烧为异端，虽然他的教学应该是在谴责和他的书被烧了，因为载有虚假和危险的教义虽然一项法令，这一类被当局认可的，这本神圣会〔 36 〕，但一定约翰溶血尿毒综合症，在这里亲自出席，在这片神圣的会一位弟子没有基督的，而是该heresiarch约翰wyclif ，大胆贸然违反谴责和法令后，他们制定了教，断言和鼓吹的许多错误和异端邪说的约翰wyclif已谴责了这两个上帝的教会和其他牧师的父亲在基督里，主大主教和主教的各种演义，主人在神学上，许多地方的研究。

Leo the Great (440-61), who first appropriated the old pagan title of pontifex maximus, intervened with his Tome at the Council of Chalcedon to establish orthodox Christology, told a recalcitrant archbishop that he merely "participated in" a "fullness of power" reserved to popes alone (this later to become an important principle in canon law), and provided in his letters and sermons a highly influential description of the Petrine office and its primacy, drawing in part upon principles found in Roman law.

利奥伟大（ 440-61 ），谁第一拨旧异教的标题pontifex Maximus ，为干预他圣多美和普林西比在安理会的迦克墩设立东正教christology说，桀骜不驯的大主教说，他只是"参加了"，"丰满的权力"预留的教皇单（这后来成为一个重要的原则，在教会法），并提供了在他的信件和说教一个高度影响力的描述的petrine办公室和其至高无上，绘画，在部分原则后，发现在罗马法。

It is by virtue of their decision that each new pope inherits his official titles, ancient and modern, secular and sacred: bishop of Rome, vicar of Jesus Christ, successor of the prince of the apostles, supreme pontiff of the universal Church, patriarch of the West, primate of Italy, archbishop and metropolitan of the Roman province, sovereign of the state of Vatican City, servant of the servants of God.

这是凭借他们的决定，每个新教宗继承他的正式头衔，古代和现代，世俗和神圣的：罗马的主教，副主教耶稣基督，继任的王子使徒，最高人民法院教宗的普世教会，宗主教西，灵长类的意大利，大主教和都市的罗马省，主权的国家梵蒂冈城，公务员的公仆的上帝。

Leo the Great (440-61), who first appropriated the old pagan title of pontifex maximus, intervened with his Tome at the Council of Chalcedon to establish orthodox Christology, told a recalcitrant archbishop that he merely "participated in" a "fullness of power" reserved to popes alone (this later to become an important principle in canon law), and provided in his letters and sermons a highly influential description of the Petrine office and its primacy, drawing in part upon principles found in Roman law.

利奥伟大（ 440-61 ），谁第一拨旧异教的标题pontifex Maximus ，为干预他圣多美和普林西比在安理会的迦克墩设立东正教christology说，桀骜不驯的大主教说，他只是&参加了&，&丰满的权力&预留的教皇单（这后来成为一个重要的原则，在教会法），并提供了在他的信件和说教一个高度影响力的描述的petrine办公室和其至高无上，绘画，在部分原则后，发现在罗马法。

In 1590, Salzburg, almost all Protestant faith of families forced to flee their homes and families in less than 15-year-old children must stay, the family adopted by the Catholic Church. 1731 Archbishop Feiermian Liao Bo Dean of the East [11] developed the so-called "immigration policy", again to expel the 20,000 Protestants of Salzburg, the late autumn season the same year, another 4,000 women Slavery and farm workers were arrested and deported, expelled the following year began manual workers and farmers, about one-quarter of the deportees died in exile on the road.

在1590年前，萨尔茨堡几乎所有信仰新教的家庭被迫背井离乡，而这些家庭中不足15岁的孩子必须留下来，交由天主教家庭领养。1731年大主教菲尔米安的利奥波德·安东[11]制定了所谓的&移民政策&，再次驱逐了2万萨尔茨堡的新教徒，同年的深秋季节，又有4000名女奴和农场工人被逮捕并驱逐，第二年又开始驱逐手工工人和农民，约有四分之一的被驱逐者在放逐的路上死去。

By the 1950s Britain faced armed EOKA terrorists fighting for enosis with Greece. In 1960 Cyprus gained independence under Archbishop Makarios, but constitutional safeguards for the Turkish-Cypriot minority soon broke down. By 1964 Turkish-Cypriots withdrew into enclaves and barbed wire went up in Nicosia (now "Europe's last divided capital"). In July 1974 Makarios was briefly deposed in a coup fomented by Greece's colonels, and Turkey invaded, taking control of 38% of the island.

20世纪50年代，英国面临埃奥卡（为塞希合并而战的恐怖分子）的武装挑战。1960年塞浦路斯在马可里阿斯大主教领导下赢得独立，不过不久后即被少数土族塞人打破保证条约。1964年，土族塞人退入在尼科西亚（现在欧洲最后的分裂首都）由铁丝网围成的飞地。1974年7月马可里阿斯短暂地被希腊上校煽动起的政变罢免，土耳其出兵控制塞岛38%的领土。

With regard to those venerable brethren, patriarchs, archbishops, bishops, abbots and prelates - especially those bound under oath to visit the place of the apostles Peter and Paul at certain fixed times, and to attend in person general councils which have been summoned, including those under that obligation at the time of their promotion -- whose obstinacy as being non-attenders at various sessions became a matter of frequent accusation by the sponsor of the same council, there is to be found in solemn form both a petition for proceedings against them and a statement of the censures and penalties incurred.

关於这些可敬的兄弟，始祖，大主教，主教，方丈和教士-特别是那些约束宣誓访问地点的使徒彼得和保罗在某些固定时间，并出席在一般人的委员会已经传唤，其中包括这些根据这一义务的时候，他们的推广-其顽固作为非学员在各种会议上成为一个问题，经常指责的赞助商，同安理会，有可能是在庄严的形成既是一个诉讼请求他们在一份声明中谴责和惩罚的费用。

Louis and his able ministers, Cardinals Richelieu and Mazarin, were able to steer France away from the feudal struggles that hampered growth, and they created a centralised government where the King's power is absolute.In 1700, France is the pre-eminent power in Western Europe, with an unrivalled army, vast colonies and a King who is respected and feared by all, both at home and abroad.

路易和他的精明强干的大臣黎塞留大主教以及马萨林，驾驭着法国从日渐***的分封制度的束缚中解放出来，建立了君权至上的中央集权制度。17世纪初，法国是西欧的一支强悍的力量，有着无敌的军队，广大的殖民地，还有一位在国内外都受人敬畏的国王。

Louis and his able ministers, Cardinals Richelieu and Mazarin, were able to steer France away from the feudal struggles that hampered growth, and they created a centralised government where the King's power is absolute.I n 1700, France is the pre-eminent power in Western Europe, with an unrivalled army, vast colonies and a King who is respected and feared by all, both at home and abroad.

路易和他的精明强干的大臣黎塞留大主教以及马萨林，驾驭着法国从日渐腐败的分封制度的束缚中解放出来，建立了君权至上的中央集权制度。17世纪初，法国是西欧的一支强悍的力量，有着无敌的军队，广大的殖民地，还有一位在国内外都受人敬畏的国王。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。