大

The main work and the originality points of this dissertation could be concluded as the following parts:(1) To analyze systematically the mathematical model of LES of air flow in great space, under the case of isothermal and non-isothermal, as well as the combined action of buoyancy and strain. Some basic problems are studied about the LES application into airflow simulation of great space, such as boundary conditions, spatial difference scheme and time advancing scheme, time step etc., which creates the basis for the LES application to indoor airflow simulation.(2) Both the instantaneous and time averaged flow field of great space with multiple jets under isothermal and non-isothermal cases are explored with large eddy simulation method, and also discussed the dynamic characteristics and the law of fluidflow in the great space.(3) Based on the results of LES of the great space and the Fanger thermal comfort indexes, it is brought forward the concept of the series of dynamic thermal comfort evaluating indexes, which could be divided into thermal comfort index with time averaged properties PD, PPD, PMV, thermal comfort index with instantaneous properties IPD, IPPD, IPMV, and time averaged thermal comfort indexes TAPD, TAPPD, TAPMV, and transient situations time averaged thermal comfort indexes TTAPD, TTAPPD, TTAPMV. The differences among them and the calculation methods are discussed, and the four kinds of indexes are calculated with the thermal comfort index PD as an example.(4) Based on the LES results it is discussed the hot air stratification phenomena in air-conditioned buildings in the case with air supply and return registers on the ceiling and the case on the sidewall. The fundamentals of the hot air stratification are studied and the relations of estimating hot air stratification are brought forward.(5) With the advanced apparatus such as hot wire film anemometer IFA300 and laser particle field anemoscope, corresponding model test and site measurements have been done, which are compared with the simulation results and LES is proved a very promising method in air flow simulation indoor.

本文主要工作既创新点体现在以下几个方面：(1)系统分析了等温、非等温和考虑剪切力与浮升力综合作用的高大空间大涡模拟数学模型，并研究了高大空间大涡模拟在室内气流仿真应用中的一些基本问题，如边界条件、空间离散格式和时间推进格式、时间步长选择等问题，为大涡模拟在室内气流计算中的广泛应用打下了基础；(2)首次用大涡模拟方法研究了高雷诺数下高大空间多射流在等温、非等温情况下的瞬时流场和时均流场分布，并探讨了多射流流场的动态特性和流动规律；(3)基于大涡模拟的动态仿真结果和Fanger的热舒适指标，首次系统地提出了动态热舒适评价指标体系的概念：即基于时间平均参数的热舒适指标PD、PPD、PMV；基于瞬时参数的瞬时热指标IPD、IPPD、IPMV；基于时间平均热舒适指标TAPD、TAPPD、TAPMV；以及沿行动迹线的时间平均热舒适指标TTAPD、TTAPPD、TTAPMV，并分析了四类热舒适指标的差异性和计算方法，还以PD值为例对四类指标分别进行了计算；(4)基于数十种工况下空调房间大涡模拟的结果，研究了空调建筑上送上回和侧送侧回两种情况下热分层现象，并探讨了热分层的基本规律，首次提出了避免热分层现象的判断公式；(5)在暖通空调领域，首次使用IFA300热线风速仪、激光粒子速度场仪等先进设备，完成了与大涡模拟相对应的模型试验，并把实测结果与仿真结果进行了对比，说明LES在室内气流仿真方面是一种很有前景的方法。

To give the definition of the mass concrete and to concrete\'s cracks together with practical meanings of control ,and give a brief review on the research in the field at home and abroad, at last, methods to control temperature crack of the mass concrete from several aspects such as design measures,concrets material, construction schedules.etc are summed up; To explain the physical mechanics of the concrete and computing methods-Difference Method and Finite Element Method, and illustrate the application of their specific methods repectively;Several temperature factors that can influence the temperature stress of mass concrete baseplate are analyzed. The influence degree of temperature factor can be got through the ANSYS simulation computation the control of temperature can control the temperature stress, consequently control the temperature crack of mass concert baseplate; through the influence of the crack resistance ability of mass concrete baseplate which takes the reinforcement as a part is analyzed. By ANSYS simulation, the best suited volume ratio of reinforcement is found out, at same time the layout of reinforcement with the same volume ratio can also affect the resistance ability of mass concrete baseplate. Sum up of above analysis, anti-crack function of steel bar in early mass concrete baseplate is obvious, so it\'s necessary to consider beneficial effect of construction steel bar in research of temperature control on mass concrete baseplate.

本文先容了大体积混凝土及混凝土裂缝的基本概念，对国内外在这个领域里的研究现状作了扼要叙述，并从结构设计、混凝土材质、施工措施等方面总结了大体积混凝土温度裂缝控制的方法及防止措施；阐述了混凝土的基本物理力学性能，总结了大体积混凝土温度计算的方法——差分法和有限元法，并分别举例说明其具体应用的方法；分析了影响大体积混凝土底板温度应力的几种温度因素，利用ANSYS模拟计算，得出了每种因素的影响程度，通过分析提出了在这几种温度影响因素下如何通过控制温度以达到控制温度应力从而来控制裂缝的具体建议；针对大体积混凝土基础底板中配筋的不同对混凝土底板抗裂能力的影响不同，利用ANSYS进行模拟分析，得出底板中最合适的体积配筋率，同时分析了在相同体积配筋率下钢筋的具体布置对大体积混凝土基础底板抗裂能力的影响，分析表明，配置钢筋对混凝土结构的开裂阻止作用明显，在研究大体积混凝土温度裂缝题目时，要考虑钢筋在其中的有利作用。

The mean weight of genetype AB(19.73kg) was the highest and the mean body length of genetype DD(56.00cm ) was the longest in microsatellite IDVGA30 in 90 days old. In microsatellite BMS1516, the chest high of genetype EF(22.44cm), the heart girth (62.28cm)and the circumference of cannon bone (8.07cm) of genetype CD were the highest in Chinese Merino lamb of 90 days old. In microsatellite OY3, the born weight of genetype EF was the highest(4.10kg).

其中微卫星座位IDVGA30 AB基因型90日龄平均体重最大(19.73kg)，DD基因型90日龄平均体长最大(56.00cm)；微卫星座位BMS1516各基因型对90日龄中国美利奴羔羊体尺的影响较大，其中基因型EF的胸深最大(22.44cm)，基因型CD胸围最大(62.280m)，管围最大的为CD(8.07cm)：微卫星座位OY3不同基因型初生重差异显著(P＜0.1)，基因型EF的初生重最大(4.10kg)，CD基因型初生重最小(3.42kg)。

Therefore the small house sparrow was very not convinced may not be able to discover any good method to for a while press under its tree to have a butcher to slice meat exactly the small house sparrow to the big house sparrow saying that you were not fierce that you have the original story to fly make the block meat from the butcher hand to come up the big house sparrow to smile say small KS, therefore a dive flew on the table to hold in the mouth a meat to fly the tree to be possible to grasp by the butcher butcher unusual vitality then to pull out all of a sudden the big house sparrow the wool, the big house sparrow only shouted HELP, the small house sparrow could not tolerate really flew all of a sudden to butcher's handAs soon as nipped a butcher hand to hurt then puts the big house sparrow the big house sparrow to go all out to fly the tree to come the small house sparrow saying that then does not boast I to rescue your you inadequately to be possible the big house sparrow to say exactly early who wanted you to rescue my me to prepare to remove completely clothes to do with him.

小麻雀很是不服气可一时又找不出什么好的法子要难为它恰好树下有一个屠夫正在切肉于是小麻雀就对大麻雀说你不是厉害吗那你有本事飞下去从屠夫手中弄块肉上来吗大麻雀笑笑说小KS，于是一个俯冲飞到桌上叼了一块肉就要飞上树可一下子被屠夫抓了个正着屠夫非常生气便一根一根地拔大麻雀的毛，大麻雀只呼HELP，小麻雀实在看不过去了一下子飞下去冲着屠夫的手就咬了一口屠夫手一疼便把大麻雀放了大麻雀拼命飞上树来小麻雀说这下不吹牛了吧要不是我救你你早活不成了可大麻雀说谁要你救我呀我正准备脱光了衣服跟他干呢。

The three groups were loaded and analyzed under the same loading according to the mean value of the bite force of incisors. RESULTS:(1)The maximum stress of dentin in group A was twice higher than that in group B. The maximum primary stress, minimum primary stress and maximum shear stress of group A were respectively 236.35, 228.83 and 218.05 percent of those in group B. The difference of maximum stress values of group B and group C was neglectable.(2) The maximum stress distribution of dentin in group A and group B was quite different (the stress was concentrated in labial and lingual side of the cervical dentin in group A, otherwise in group B it was concentrated in the area around the alveolar and the labial and lingual side of the dentin which was opposite to the tip of the cast metal post and core). The maximum stress distribution of dentin in group A and group B was almost the same.

结果：(1)从牙本质的应力大小来看，A组中牙本质最大应力值比B组中牙本质最大应力值增大了1倍以上（最大主应力、最小主应力和最大剪切应力A组分别是B组的236.35%、228.83%和218.05%），而B组与C组的牙本质最大应力值相差极小；(2)从牙本质的应力分布位置来看，A组与B组的牙本质最大应力分布位置相差甚远（A组主要集中在牙颈部唇舌侧肩台部的牙本质上，B组主要集中于牙槽嵴顶附近及铸造桩核尾端相对应的唇舌侧的牙本质上），而B组与C组的牙本质最大应力分布几乎在同一位置。

The SMMC-7721 hepatoma cell line of experimental groups and control groups were cultured with the addition of sodium selenite, potassium iodide or triiodothyronine (T3). The cell quantity was checked by the MTT assay , and the cell cycle was observed by flow cytometry and levels of AFP and ALB in the culture solution were determined by RIA.The SD rats were divided into positive control group, negative control group, T3 group and mixture group (the mixture of sodium selenite, KI and T3). After two weeks of the administration of sodium selenite、 KI and T3,Walker256 cells were transplanted into the abdominal cavity. The administration was kept on for another two weeks, then observed the morbility and mortality of the rats with ascites carcinoma. At the end, the ascites were for the cells counting and the cell cycles analysising.

方 法：在体外，应用细胞培养的方法，培养SMMC－7721肝癌细胞系，分为试验组和对照组，试验组加入不同浓度Se、I或T3干预，培养一段时间后，通过噻唑蓝试验、流式细胞仪，观察细胞数量及细胞周期的变化，测定细胞培养上清液中甲胎蛋白、白蛋白的水平，观察细胞分化情况；在体内，将试验用SD大鼠分成阴性对照组、阳性对照组、T3组和混合组（为Se、I和T3混合物），首先预防性用药2周，然后给试验组大鼠和阳性对照组大鼠腹腔注射Walker256细胞，制造腹水癌大鼠模型；继续用药2周，观察各组大鼠发病率及死亡率，测量不同时期大鼠血清FT3含量，通过流式细胞仪测量大鼠腹水细胞数及细胞周期变化。

This research was composed of three parts:in the first part, we observed the effect of CTA on small intestine peristalsis;in the sencond part, we observed the effect of sweet stimulability and bitter stimulability on discharge of vagus efferent never after CTA;in the three part,effect of CTA on c-Fos expressions in the brain nerve nucleus was observed.

结果：1给予蔗糖刺激时，CTA组大鼠小肠推进率与对照组相比差异显著，小肠推进率降低；在CTA组大鼠中，给予糖刺激的大鼠小肠推进率明显低于给予水刺激的大鼠。2给予正常大鼠蔗糖刺激时，切断迷走神经的大鼠的小肠推进率明显低于假手术组的。3建立CTA后的大鼠，口腔内给予蔗糖刺激或奎宁刺激时，迷走神经传出放电在刺激后即刻、刺激后30min、刺激后60min都比正常组有所增加。

In recent years, dasso has successfully patented some new products in the field of bamboo technology including indoor and outdoor bamboo decorative material and wind turbine blade. in 2004, dasso's two-ply bamboo flooring was awarded china national star promotion project; in 2005, fire-proof ceiling board developed by dasso, was used in the madrid international airport and this project was honored with riba award; in 2006, dasso's bamboo decorative material was used for the dashboard of bmw vehicles. there are more than 100,000 bmw x5 and x6 model which are fitted with this high quality material all over the world; towards the end of 2008, the 1st set of wind turbine bamboo blades which dasso supplied the high strength bamboo material was installed in northern china; in march of 2009, dasso began to introduce its outdoor strand woven bamboo into the market and this was used in projects such as the shanghai world expo 2010 as riverfront decking.

大庄近年来在竹子科技领域有多项发明专利应用于新的产品，这些新产品包括竹材室内外装饰材料以及环保风能竹材料。2004年，大庄的两层竹地板被国家授予星火计划推广项目；2005年，大庄研发的防火竹制天花板被应用于西班牙马德里国际机场，该项目并荣获英国皇家斯特灵奖；2006年，大庄将竹材推进到宝马汽车内饰，现有超过十万辆bmw x5、x6奔驰在世界各地；2007年，大庄的一项竹装饰板荣获国家科技发明奖；2008年底，由大庄提供的竹制风能叶片材料的世界第一个竹制风能叶片系统在中国北方张北投入使用开始发电。2009年3月，大庄研发的竹户外材料开始投放市场，并被应用到上海世博会的诸多项目之中。

objective to study the effects of ethanol extract of the huangqi on the skeletal muscles contractility in rats.methods the gastrocnemius and soleus muscle contractility were observed by stimulating the sciatic nerve with electricity after affusing stomach with ethanol extract of the200mg/kg dosage of huangqi for2weeks.results the ethanol extract of the huangqi could shorten latent period,increase maximal contractive extent and time and relaxative time at the twitch and complete tetanus of gastrocnemius and soleus muscles.conclusion the ethanol extract of the huangqi can enhance skeletal muscles contractility in rats.

方法］ 灌胃给予200mg/kg黄芪酒精提取液2周后，观察大鼠坐骨神经受刺激后腓肠肌及比目鱼肌的收缩力。［结果］黄芪酒精提取液缩短腓肠肌及比目鱼肌单收缩和完全性强直收缩潜伏期，增加单收缩最大收缩幅度，延长最大收缩时间及最大舒张时间；增加完全性强直收缩的最大收缩度，延长最大收缩时间。［结论］黄芪酒精提取液可增强大鼠骨骼肌的收缩力。

Methods: The medicinal plant Rheum wittrochii Lundstr., was genetically with Ri plasmid harbouring in Agrobacterium rhizogenes 9402 strain to induce hairy roots; transformed the opines from the hairy roots were assayed by paper electrophoresis; the contents of free anthroquinones such as aloe-emodin, rhein, chrysophanol, emodin, physcion, 8-O-methylchrysophanol from the hairy roots were quantitatively determined by HPLC technique.

用发根农杆菌Agrobacterium rhizogenes 9402 所含Ri质粒遗传转化药用植物天山大黄以诱导发根用纸电泳法检测发根中冠瘿碱的存在；用高效液相色谱法测定发根中芦荟大黄素、大黄酸、大黄酚、大黄素、大黄素甲醚、大黄酚-8-甲醚等游离蒽醌化合物的含量。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。