多维空间

A fast generalized complex sphere decoder is proposed for under-determined MIMO systems with fewer receive antennas than transmit antennas in this paper.

它能处理多输入多输出系统中发送天线多于接收天线的情形，并能同时检测具有格型结构和不具有格型结构的二维空间星座信号。

This paper analyzes generating elements of the city waterfront landscape—natural generating element and the expanded generating element.

文章分析了城市滨水景观生成元素——自然生成元素和扩展生成元素；总结了城市滨水空间构成特征：多维生态体系特征、生境场所特征和景观地标性特征；并以安徽省潜山县东关桥滨水景观为例，陈述了城市滨水的自然生成元素和扩展生成元素和特征以及生态空间构成实践。

The main advantages of EGGLE include:the fixed neighborhood parameter k,only one time for constructing neighborhood graph and geodesic distance matrix,only needing to choose generalized Gaussian functions many times for constructing many Laplacian matrixes,obtaining multiple independent low-dimensional coordinate sets, independently training multiple classifiers,and combining classification results of these component classifiers to produce the final identification.

3提出了一种基于GGLE的集成判别算法，该算法的主要优点是：近邻参数k固定，邻接矩阵和测地线距离矩阵都只构造一次，只需要多次选择广义高斯型函数构造多个拉普拉斯矩阵，获取多个独立的低维空间坐标集合，独立学习分类器，集成分类识别。

Among them, the algorithm of Eigenface, the most widely-used method of linear map based on PCA, has become the mainstream criterion to test the performance of various FV systems.

目前，已经提出了许多特征提取的方法，其中基于主成分分析(PCA Principle Component Analysis)的Eigenface算法及其变形已经成为测试人脸识别系统性能的基准算法，该方法是模式识别判别分析中最常用的一种线性映射方法，是根据样本点在多维模式空间的位置分布，以样本点在空间中变化最大方向，即方差最大的方向，作为判别矢量来实现数据的特征提取与数据压缩的。

The essence of human-computer interaction is the mutual mapping between the cognitive space of human and the computation space of computer.

人机交互的本质是人的多维信息认知空间和计算机的信息表示空间之间的相互映射。

With the effect of improving visual aesthetic standard, multidimensional space and a case study, the article further develops the concept that visual culture becomes the leading design trend on the basis of the element VI exploring new space.

提高视觉艺术的审美以及多维的空间思路等方面所起的作用，并结合案例分析，进一步提出基于VI设计中的元素怎样开拓新的空间，让视觉文化成为主导设计潮流的概念。

In this chapter, three kinds of target recognition methods are performed, which are:①Target recognition method based on the description of polarization parameter plane. The echo polarization states of target are projected onto the polarization state plane described by the ellipticity ε and the tilt angle τ of the polarization ellipse, the change of parameter following ferquency becomes the chart. According to the changing trait of the chart, the multidimensional polarization feature space of target has been contructed. Furthermore, a series of polarization feature parameters used in designing the structure of target recognition device are extracted, and they are insensible to the posture of target.②Target recognition method based on the description of Poincare polarization sphere. The echo polarization states of target expressed by Stokes vector are projected onto the Poincare polarization sphere. The conception of polarization ferquency stability, which is used in describing the dynamic distribution characteristics of the target echo polarization states on Poincare polarization sphere, has been defined. A group of polarization feature parameters used in designing the structure of target recognition device are extracted, and they are insensible to the posture of target.③Target recognition method based on the description of frequency sensitivity. In accordance with the conception of the polarization state distance defined on Poincare polarization sphere, the frequency sensibility of the physical structure property of target has been investigated, the frequency distribution feature curves in PSD domain are obtained, and targets'features are extracted by means of the curve-fitting method with Least Square Criterion.

这章具体研究了基于三种极化散射特性描述的相应的目标识别方法：①基于极化参数平面描述的目标识别方法，将目标回波极化状态投影到以极化椭圆参数，即椭圆率角ε和倾角τ表征的极化状态平面上，参数随观测频率的变化就形成了图，根据图的变化特点构造了目标的多维极化特征空间，并提取了不敏感目标姿态变化的极化特征参数组来设计目标的识别器结构；②基于Poincare极化球面描述的目标识别方法，采用Stokes矢量表征目标回波的极化状态，并将其投影到描述极化状态的Poincare极化球面上，定义了极化频率稳定度的概念用以刻画目标回波极化状态在Poincare极化球面上的动态分布信息，提取了准方位不变性的目标极化特征，最后设计了目标的识别器结构；③基于频率敏感性描述的目标识别方法，通过在Poincare极化球面上所定义的极化状态距离的概念，研究的是复杂目标物理结构特性对探测信号频率的敏感程度问题，获得了在极化状态距离下的频率分布特性曲线，采用最小二乘估计曲线拟合方法，它既用于极化特征的降维，同时又直接将拟合参数作为目标的分类特征。

This paper states basic concept and principle of analytical operation on spatial data cube, and also indicates that analytical operation comprises recapitulative analysis, local analysis, global analysis and pivoting analysis.

空间数据立方体的分析操作主要由概括分析、局部分析、全局分析和旋转分析组成，介绍这些分析操作的功能和结构；结合具体实例数据介绍多维缓冲区空间分析。

It gives a decent example for the angular value distribution theory and value distribution theory on p-adic field, n-dimensional complex Euclidian space, and even on general manifold.

值分布论为复微分方程的研究提供了重要的方法，为多维复欧氏空间空间上，p-adic域上以及一般的复流形上的值分布理论提供了模板。

Although many scholars had attempted to define it, the typical definitions of niche are Grinnell's space niche, Elton's functional niche and Hutchinson's hypervolume niche; Niche metrics include niche breadth, niche overlapping, niche volume and niche dimension, among which niche breadth and niche overlapping are two important indexes that can be used to characterize a species niche and the relationships between species niches.

许多学者都试图给生态位下定义，但最具代表性的当推Grinnell、Elton和Hutchinson分别给出的&空间生态位&、&功能生态位&和&多维超体积生态位&定义；生态位测度包括生态位宽度、生态位重叠、生态位体积及生态位维数等，其中生态位宽度和生态位重叠是描述一个物种的生态位以及物种生态位间关系的重要指标。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。