多维空间

Cutting discontinuities's 3-D model could get cutaway view and date directly on AutoCAD plat, it will be good for research instability clastic mass. The author select rock mass from damsite in Laxiwa hydroelectric station as object to which information processing system on rock mass structure is applied.

通过结构面的数学建模，使采集所得结构面数据的处理实现了信息化，程序化，应用多功能数据库在计算机上人机交互划分岩体结构，初步实现岩体结构的信息化，并且通过结构面与相关实体的真三维实体模型的建立，既可清晰直观的展示结构面模型的空间形象，又可容易的切割模型并获取切图的数据，对不稳定块体的分析研究提供了强有力的辅助手段。

The formulae were derived to calculate the spherical coordinates of any vector after the specimen was rotated any angles around any axis based on the homogenous coordinate theory.

摘 要：在利用同步辐射进行晶体缺陷的形貌研究时，为了获得晶体缺陷的三维分布信息，在实验中样品要在样品台上沿不同方向旋转轴进行多次旋转，因而需要计算样品经过多次旋转后任意矢量的空间坐标以及缺陷的取向坐标。

Around the topic, the weak points of the traditional platform is analyzed first, such as complex arithmetic, long calculating time, high needs of hardware and so on. A real time control method based on virtual simulation is suggested to separate the complex positive/negative calculation of space kinematic and real time motion control. And a"3-2-1"type 6DOF platform is designed with the reference of the MAST (Multi-Axis Shaking Table) of MTS. The kinematic and dynamic calculation of the platform is finished. According to the calculating result, the control system of the"3-2-1"type 6DOF platform including 6 linear servo electric cylinders is designed and constructed. And the professional software Pro/E is used to do the 3D model and 6DOF motion simulation of the platform. The motion curves of the pistons of the 6 cylinders are exported with the simulation. At last the control software is programmed with Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 and realizes the functions with the commands of GE series motion controllers. When loading the motion curves exported with the simulation, every cylinder can follow the curve very well and the platform realizes the hoped 6DOF motion.

围绕选题，本论文首先分析了传统的运动平台控制方法所存在的算法复杂、解算耗时长、硬件需求高的缺点，提出了一种基于虚拟仿真的实时控制方法，该方法将复杂的空间运动学正、反解与实时运动控制相分离；之后，参考MTS公司的MAST多轴振动平台，设计了新型的"3-2-1"型六自由度平台，并进行了运动学及动力学计算，根据相关计算结果，设计与搭建了包括驱动6个直线伺服电动缸在内的"3-2-1"型六自由度平台控制系统；接着，使用Pro/E对"3-2-1"型六自由度平台进行了三维建模和六自由度运动学仿真，并由仿真直接获得了6个直线伺服电动缸的活塞杆的相应运动曲线；最后使用Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0编写了控制软件界面，通过调用GE系列运动控制卡的各种命令函数实现了控制系统的相关功能，而当加载仿真得到的各缸运动曲线后，每缸均能很好地跟踪输入曲线，使平台实现了期望的多自由度运动。

The multi-attributes and multi-parameters of 3D seismic data is studied through detailed processing and interpretation of 3D seismic data based on seismic model inversion and seismic reflector features recognition ,the relationship between reservoir and seismic attribute parameter is determined , and reservoir forestation is done , the response feature and three types recognition model for carbonate reservoir in seismic reflect cross-section are established, deepen the understanding of distributions of fracture and vug within this reservoir.

在地震模型正演和地震波形分析的基础上，通过对区内三维地震资料的精细处理解释，开展了地震资料的多属性、多参数综合分析，确定了储层和地震属性参数间的关系，开展储层预测及评价研究，总结碳酸盐岩缝洞发育带的地震响应特征，建立了3类缝洞碳酸盐岩储层识别模式，深化了对裂缝、溶洞发育带空间展布规律的认识。

The geology research of carbonate reservoirs in Ordovician of Tahe oilfield showed that many large dissolved vugs and fractures were developed. The spread of the reservoir take on a very heterogeneous state. And the typical fractured-vuggy reservoirs was formed. According to the combination of the various spaces, the formation was divided into vuggy formation, fractured-vuggy formation and fractured formation. The research showed that development of the vug is relevant to the its position on the structure, the fractures, the water surface and the weathering surface. Multi-phase charge and recharge of the oil in the reservoirs resulted in the complexity of the fluid distribution. So the"Bottle Model"was brought forward to explain the movement of the water-oil contact. The special storage space and the complex fluid distribution lead to the unstability of the production and the complexity of the water cut. In order to explain the characteristic of the fracture-vug unit was brought forward and the basic principle and method of the partition of the fracture-vug unit was formed. The classification and evaluation of the units were performed according the reserve and energy. Based on the research of geology characteristic and the fluid flow in the reservoir the comprehensive numerical simulation plan of the fractured-vuggy reservoirs were established. Through the selection of the simulation unit, fluid flow type and parameter equivalent the triple media reservoir simulation model was established. Considering the practical application the model was resolved by the DKR decomposition conjugate grads method. Based on the fine reservoir description of Dsitrict IV of the Tahe oilfield the various space type were classified and combined together. The geology model of Unit S48 was constructed. Two typical single well model was established according to the geology and the dynamic phenomena. Finally the single well model and the Unit S48 were simulated by the triple media reservoir simulator. Via the local grid refinement and coarsening in the simulation good matchs were gained. Based on the results of the simulation the reserve distribution, percent of reserve produced in various space and the natural energy were analyzed. The fluid was storaged in the fractures and vugs mostly and more than 90% the produced oil came from the systems. The energy belonged to the active one. The results of simulation accorded with the fact and showed the validity and practicability the research and the simulator.

塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩油藏的地质研究表明，其储层中发育着很多大型的溶蚀洞、缝，储层的平面展布呈现出极度的非均质性，形成了典型的缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏，根据各种孔隙介质在储层中的组合，将储层分为了溶洞型、裂缝-溶洞型和裂缝型三类；研究表明溶洞储层的发育和构造位置、裂缝的发育、潜水面和风化面的位置等因素有关；多期充注的油气成藏模式导致了流体复杂的赋存状态，由此提出了所谓的"瓶子模型"，解释生产过程中油水界面的变化；特殊的储集空间类型和流体分布特征导致油田在开发过程中表现出很大的不确定性和含水变化的复杂性，为了合理的解释油气田开发过程中的动态特征，提出了"缝洞单元"的概念，并制定了"缝洞单元"纵横向划分的基本原则和依据及划分方法，并对"缝洞单元"进行了分类和评价；基于地质特征和流体在其中流动规律的研究，提出了缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏的数值模拟综合解决方案，通过模拟单元的选择、流动类型和参数的等效，建立了三重介质油藏三维三相数值模拟模型，采用不完全LU分解预处理共轭梯度法进行了求解；在塔河油田4区精细油藏描述的基础上，将各种类型的孔隙空间进行了归类组合，建立了S48单元的地质模型；通过对油井生产动态进行分析研究，建立了两类和油井地质、生产动态相对应的单井模型；最后应用三重介质油藏数值模拟软件对单井模型和S48单元进行了数值模拟，通过局部加密和粗化等技术模拟流体流动规律，取得了很好的拟合效果；结合数值模拟结果，分析了各种介质中的储量分布、储量产出的百分比以及地层的能量，认为塔河油田缝洞型油藏中流体绝大多数储集于缝洞系统之中，所产出流体90%以上也来自于缝洞系统，其底水能量属于较充足的类型；模拟结果和油田实际情况符合较好，说明了地质研究和油藏数值模拟研究的正确性。

Since the prehistoric period ,complanate painting and three-dimensional sculpture have shown their abundance on the expression of the space concept.

从史前到现代，平面的绘画与三维的浮雕，在空间形态的认识和表现上都呈现出越来越多的丰富性，可以说，一部美术史就是一部空间形态发展史。

Since the prehistoric period ,complanate painting and three-dimensional sculpture have shown their abundance on the expression of the space concept. A art history equals a phylogeny of space concept .

从史前到现代，平面的绘画与三维的浮雕，在空间形态的认识和表现上都呈现出越来越多的丰富性，可以说，一部美术史就是一部空间形态发展史。

It is proved that the method using the BEM to calculate the load distributions on the contact lines of involute gear pair, in which the applied load is taken in the form of a concentrated one at a single node, is not suitable. A method in which the tractions of the BEM are made to imitate the Hertzian pressure of the gear using 8 nodes isoparametric elements is introduced.

本文解决了边界元法在空间啮合副计算中存在的系数矩阵的存储，奇异单元积分的计算、表面不连续点处面力一点多值和求解未知量的线性方程组矩阵元素的计算等问题，编制了比不采用上述处理方法的一般边界单元法节省近一半内存和计算时间的适合空间啮合副的三维边界元法计算程序。

Palaeogeographic database can be established with various information acquisition and management methods. Palaeogeographic information of multi-source and multiscale can be organized with a spatial data model. Palaeogeographic environments can be reconstructed with the 3D modeling and a virtual reality technique. Palaeogeographic research achievements can also offer better service with the development of internet technology.

多种多样的信息采集和管理方法可以建立不同时期的古地理学综合数据库；空间数据模型为组织多来源和多尺度的古地理信息提供框架；三维数据建模和虚拟现实技术为古地理环境重建营造了必要条件；互联网技术的发展可使古地理学研究成果更好地为用户服务。

The geology research of carbonate reservoirs in Ordovician of Tahe oilfield showed that many large dissolved vugs and fractures were developed. The spread of the reservoir take on a very heterogeneous state. And the typical fractured-vuggy reservoirs was formed. According to the combination of the various spaces, the formation was divided into vuggy formation, fractured-vuggy formation and fractured formation. The research showed that development of the vug is relevant to the its position on the structure, the fractures, the water surface and the weathering surface. Multi-phase charge and recharge of the oil in the reservoirs resulted in the complexity of the fluid distribution. So the"Bottle Model"was brought forward to explain the movement of the water-oil contact. The special storage space and the complex fluid distribution lead to the unstability of the production and the complexity of the water cut. In order to explain the characteristic of the fracture-vug unit was brought forward and the basic principle and method of the partition of the fracture-vug unit was formed. The classification and evaluation of the units were performed according the reserve and energy. Based on the research of geology characteristic and the fluid flow in the reservoir the comprehensive numerical simulation plan of the fractured-vuggy reservoirs were established. Through the selection of the simulation unit, fluid flow type and parameter equivalent the triple media reservoir simulation model was established. Considering the practical application the model was resolved by the DKR decomposition conjugate grads method. Based on the fine reservoir description of Dsitrict IV of the Tahe oilfield the various space type were classified and combined together. The geology model of Unit S48 was constructed. Two typical single well model was established according to the geology and the dynamic phenomena. Finally the single well model and the Unit S48 were simulated by the triple media reservoir simulator. Via the local grid refinement and coarsening in the simulation good matchs were gained. Based on the results of the simulation the reserve distribution, percent of reserve produced in various space and the natural energy were analyzed. The fluid was storaged in the fractures and vugs mostly and more than 90% the produced oil came from the systems. The energy belonged to the active one. The results of simulation accorded with the fact and showed the validity and practicability the research and the simulator.

塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩油藏的地质研究表明，其储层中发育着很多大型的溶蚀洞、缝，储层的平面展布呈现出极度的非均质性，形成了典型的缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏，根据各种孔隙介质在储层中的组合，将储层分为了溶洞型、裂缝-溶洞型和裂缝型三类；研究表明溶洞储层的发育和构造位置、裂缝的发育、潜水面和风化面的位置等因素有关；多期充注的油气成藏模式导致了流体复杂的赋存状态，由此提出了所谓的&瓶子模型&，解释生产过程中油水界面的变化；特殊的储集空间类型和流体分布特征导致油田在开发过程中表现出很大的不确定性和含水变化的复杂性，为了合理的解释油气田开发过程中的动态特征，提出了&缝洞单元&的概念，并制定了&缝洞单元&纵横向划分的基本原则和依据及划分方法，并对&缝洞单元&进行了分类和评价；基于地质特征和流体在其中流动规律的研究，提出了缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏的数值模拟综合解决方案，通过模拟单元的选择、流动类型和参数的等效，建立了三重介质油藏三维三相数值模拟模型，采用不完全LU分解预处理共轭梯度法进行了求解；在塔河油田4区精细油藏描述的基础上，将各种类型的孔隙空间进行了归类组合，建立了S48单元的地质模型；通过对油井生产动态进行分析研究，建立了两类和油井地质、生产动态相对应的单井模型；最后应用三重介质油藏数值模拟软件对单井模型和S48单元进行了数值模拟，通过局部加密和粗化等技术模拟流体流动规律，取得了很好的拟合效果；结合数值模拟结果，分析了各种介质中的储量分布、储量产出的百分比以及地层的能量，认为塔河油田缝洞型油藏中流体绝大多数储集于缝洞系统之中，所产出流体90%以上也来自于缝洞系统，其底水能量属于较充足的类型；模拟结果和油田实际情况符合较好，说明了地质研究和油藏数值模拟研究的正确性。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。