多细胞动物

One embryonic cell can be separated into many blastomere cells. As be the nuclear donor of the embryonic cell nuclear transfer, it can breed the number of eminent species largely, increase the number of endangered animals, supply large number of supply same genotype animals, improve the efficiency of gene transfer and sex control and offer same genotype apparatus or organ for human transplant.

一个早期胚胎细胞可以分离多个卵裂球，以此作为核供体进行胚胎细胞核移植，可以大量扩繁优良品种的数量，增加濒危动物的数量，为科学研究提供大量遗传同质的动物，提高转基因和性别控制技术的效率，提供基因型相同的器官或组织供人类移植。

The results showed YYSXF could raise survival rate of the mice after irradition, increase activity of superoxide dismutose and reduce quantity of the lipid peroxide in liver and red blood cell, extenuate micronucleus formating in V79 4 cell, promote unscheduled DNA synthesis and induce production of interleukin 2 in spleen cells and protect bone marrow cells in mice.

结果表明养阴生血饮能提高致死剂量照射动物30d和小剂量多次照射60d及荷瘤小鼠1次照射后20d的存活率；能增加超氧化物岐化酶的活性；降低过氧化脂质的水平；减少细胞的微核形成；促进脾细胞DNA修复；诱导脾细胞产生白细胞介素－2；保护骨髓造血功能

Thunberg Fritillary Bulb is one of the most popular Traditional Chinese herbs. Some trials in vivo and animals indicated that Peimine and Peiminine, extracted from Thunbery Fritillary Bulb, have the function of reversing MDR of two different kinds of mechanisms. They can improve the cytotoxic of ADR to cancer cells by 5～10 folds under concentration of 10% cancer cell growth inhibitory rate. Peimine and Peiminine not only feather typical character of modifier of MDR, but also differ from other moldifiers such as Calcium channel blocker, Cyclosporines in chemical structure, they belong to cevine groups alkaloid, a subgroup of C-Nor-D-homosteroid alkaloid.

浙贝母是临床常用中药，体外及动物试验证明，浙贝母中的有效活性成分贝母甲素和贝母乙素具有逆转肿瘤细胞MDR的作用，而且能逆转两种不同机制的多药耐药肿瘤细胞的耐药性，在无明显细胞毒剂量下，可使阿霉素对耐药肿瘤细胞的杀伤活性提高5-10倍，不但具备明确的多药耐药逆转剂的特征，而且在化学结构上属异甾类生物碱中的瑟文类生物碱，完全不同于钙离子拮抗剂、免疫抑制剂和其它现有的耐药逆转剂，具有作用靶点宽、化学结构独特的特点。

The mice inoculated with Coxiella burnetii intrana- sally developed interstitial pneumonia,while the primary pathological changes of mice inoculated intraperitoneally are granulomas in spleen and liver.2.The pathological changes became more severe followed the dosage increasing.3.Coxiella burnetii can be detected in spleen and liver at day 2 after inoculation.the lesion became more and more serious from day 2 to day 12.The characteristic changes were observed at day 7,and recovered at day 14. 4.The reticuloendothelial system are main target of Coxiella burnetii.The pathogen was detected in cytoplasm of monocyte -macrophages of spleen, liver, lung, and endothelioid cells of blood vessel. 5. Coxiella burnetii can be found in macrophages lysosomes by electron microscopy. Most of them are round or rod, and polymorphic shape can also be observed in different size.

结果：1、通过不同感染途径的实验证实，滴鼻感染的小鼠主要表现为间质性肺炎，而腹腔注射感染小鼠则以脾脏、肝脏肉芽肿为主要病变。2、通过不同剂量的感染实验发现，随着感染Q热立克次体剂量的加大，动物病变愈加严重。3、通过感染后不同时间的动态病理学观察发现，在腹腔注射后第2d的脾和肝脏即可发现病原体，主要脏器的病理变化从第2d到第12d逐渐加重，第7d动物的病变最典型，至感染后14d动物的受损器官已开始出现修复性变化。4、 Q热立克次体主要侵害机体的网状内皮系统，在感染小鼠的肝、脾、肺和外周血管单核巨噬细胞以及血管内皮细胞胞浆中查见病原体。5、透射电镜观察可见Q热立克次体主要位于巨噬细胞吞噬溶酶体内，呈多形性，多见圆形和杆状，大小不一。

Many hES cell lines have been established under different conditions in the world. The firstly established hES cell lines were cultured on mouse embryonic fibroblast cells with medium containing many undefined animal components such as fetal bovine serum, which may cause cross-transfection with animal pathogen and mycoplasm.

目前，世界上已经建立了多株hES 细胞系，最早建立的hES 细胞系是生长在小鼠胚胎成纤维(mouse embryonic fibroblast， MEF)细胞上的，培养体系中含血清等动物源性成分，这些成分可能引起动物源性病原体或支原体的污染，从而限制了 hES 细胞的临床应用。

By use of site mutation strategy and PCR technology, we obtained the gene P12X3C that includes full length P1, 2A, 3C and a part of 2B and 3B and the gene P12X3C3D that includes full length P1, 2A, 3C, 3D and a part of 2B and 3B. After being digested by restriction enzyme respectively, the gene P12X3C and the gene P12X3C3D were cloned into the pcDNA3. 1 and pTARGET expression vector that were digested by the same enzyme. Recombinant plasmids were checked by restriction enzyme analysis and nucleic acid sequencing. Further more, recombinant plasmids were transfected into BHK-21 cells by using lipoid. The proteins of foot-and-mouth disease virus , which were expressed in BHK-21 cells, were confirmed by sandwich-ELISA and fluoroscopy, and the capsid of FMDV was tested by electron microscope. In order to evaluate enhanced immune response of guinea pigs against FMDV, DNA vaccines which were designed to produce viral capsids lacking infectious viral nucleic acid and contained the gene P12X3C and the gene P12X3C3D were injected respectively with FMDV 3D protein which was expressed in Pichia Pastoris Secreted expression System and purified or with pcDNA3. 1/IFN which includes the gene IFN-α of cattle. Subsequently, Recombinant plasmids were injected to cattles with or without pcDNA3. 1/IFN. Anti-FMDV antibodies were detected by ELISA, and the T lymphocyte proliferation response was tested by MTT assay, neutralization antibodies titers were analyzed by micro-neutralization assay.

为研制带有O型口蹄疫病毒(Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus，FMDV)China99株结构蛋白基因及多个非结构蛋白基因的DNA疫苗，本研究通过定点突变方法和PCR扩增方法，获得包含有FMDV China99株结构蛋白P1、非结构蛋白2A、3C以及部分2B、3B编码基因的片段P12X3C和包含有FMDV China99株结构蛋白P1、非结构蛋白2A、3C、3D以及部分2B、3B编码基因的片段P12X3C3D，将获得的基因片段直接/酶切后与同样处理的真核表达质粒连接，分别得到重组质粒pcDNA3.1/P12X3C和pcDNA3.1/P12X3C3D、pTARGET/P12X3C3D；对重组质粒进行序列测定、分析，并将重组质粒分别转染BHK-21细胞，通过双抗体夹心ELISA方法和间接免疫荧光标记方法检测细胞中FMDV抗原的表达，用电子显微镜观察病毒空衣壳的组装；为评价重组质粒作为DNA疫苗对实验动物及本动物的免疫效果，将重组质粒经肌肉注射方法接种豚鼠，并与酵母表达的纯化FMDV China99株3D蛋白及带有牛α干扰素的真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1/IFN分别/同时免疫，第二次免疫后第三周豚鼠攻以1OOID〓或1000ID〓的O型FMDV China99株；随后将质粒pcDNA3.1/P12X3C、pcDNA3.1/P12X3C3D与带有牛α干扰素的真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1/IFN同时免疫牛，三周后经牛舌皮攻以10〓ID〓的O型FMDV China99株。

By use of site mutation strategy and PCR technology, we obtained the gene P12X3C that includes full length PI, 2A, 3C and a part of 2B and 3B and the gene P12X3C3D that includes full length PI, 2A, 3C, 3D and a part of 2B and 3B. After being digested by restriction enzyme respectively, the gene P12X3C and the gene P12X3C3D were cloned into the pcDNA3.1 and pTARGET expression vector that were digested by the same enzyme. Recombinant plasmids were checked by restriction enzyme analysis and nucleic acid sequencing. Further more, recombinant plasmids were transfected into BHK-21 cells by using lipoid. The proteins of foot-and-mouth disease virus, which were expressed in BHK-21 cells, were confirmed by sandwich-ELlSA and fluoroscopy, and the capsid of FMDV was tested by electron microscope. In order to evaluate enhanced immune response of guinea pigs against FMDV, DNA vaccines which were designed to produce viral capsids lacking infectious viral nucleic acid and contained the gene P12X3C and the gene P 12X3C3D were injected respectively with FMDV 3D protein which was expressed in Pichia Pastoris Secreted expression System and purified or with pcDNA3.1/lFN which includes the gene IFN-a of cattle. Subsequently, Recombinant plasmids were injected to catties with or without pcDNA3.1/IFN. Anti-FMDV antibodies were detected by ELISA, and the T lymphocyte proliferation response was tested by MTT assay, neutralization antibodies liters were analyzed by micro-neutralization assay.

为研制带有O型口蹄疫病毒(Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus，FMDV)China99株结构蛋白基因及多个非结构蛋白基因的DNA疫曲，本研究通过定点突变方法和PCR扩增方法，获得包含有FMDV China99株结构蛋白P1、非结构蛋白2A、3C以及部分2B、3B编码基因的片段P12X3C和包含有FMDV China99株结构蛋白P1、非结构蛋白2A、3C、3D以及部分2B、3B编码基因的片段P12X3C3D，将获得的基因片段直接／酶切后与同样处理的真核表达质粒连接，分别得到重组质粒pcDNA3.1／P12X3C和pcDNA3.1／P12X3C3D、pTARGET／P12X3C3D；对重组质粒进行序列测定、分析，并将重组质粒分别转染BHK-21细胞，通过双抗体夹心ELISA方法和间接免疫荧光标记方法检测细胞中FMDV抗原的表达，用电子显微镜观察病毒空衣壳的组装；为评价重组质粒作为DNA疫苗对实验动物及本动物的免疫效果，将重组质粒经肌肉注射方法接种豚鼠，并与酵母表达的纯化FMDV China99株3D蛋白及带有牛α干扰素的真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1／IFN分别／同时免疫，第二次免疫后第三周豚鼠攻以100ID_(50)或1000ID_(50)的O型FMDV China99株：随后将质粒pcDNA3.1／P12X3C、pcDNA3.1／P12X3C3D与带有牛α干扰素的真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1／IFN同时免疫牛，三周后经牛舌皮攻以10~4ID_(50)的O型FMDV China99株。

Since an excessive cell growth is considered as the main pathological event, cell proliferation model occupy most of the animal models, and these cells include retinal pigment epithelial cell, fibroblast cell, cartilage cell and vascular endothelial cell.

由于PVR的主要病理变化是细胞的过度增生，因而动物模型多以细胞增生模型为主，细胞种类有视网膜色素上皮细胞、成纤维细胞、软骨细胞、血管内皮细胞等。

Properties common to terrestrial organisms (plants, animals, fungi, protists, archaea and bacteria) are that they are cellular, carbon-and-water-based with complex organization, having a metabolism, a capacity to grow, respond to stimuli, and reproduce.

陆生生物（植物，动物，菌类，原生生物，古生菌以及细菌）都具有一个共同的属性，他们都是多细胞生物，并且具有复杂的组织结构，依靠碳水化合物为生，可以进行新陈代谢，具有成长性，应激性及繁衍性。

Result: With a high cancer-inhibiting rate on the animal model having been transplanted the cancer, this medicine can remarkably restrain the growth of cancer cells cultivated in vitro and improve the life quality of mouse model, and also shows obvious promotion and enhancement function on the DTH ear-swelling of mouse with cancer, the proliferation of mouse spleen lymphocyte induced by ConA and the cytokine (TNF-α、IFN-γ) of mouse with cancer respectively. It can obviously decrease the adverse effects like weight reduction, damage of viscera and degradation of life quality caused by the chemotherapeutic medicines, and has a remarkable stimulation on the lymphocyte proliferation induced by ConA. It is also able to improve the ratio of SMMC-7721 cells in G0-G1 period and reduce the cell amount in G2/M period to cut down the possibility of stepping into the division period; additionally, it can obviously inhibit some cancer genes of the cancer cells and meanwhile up regulate the cancer-inhibiting gene.

结果：本品能明显抑制体外培养肿瘤细胞的生长，对在体肿瘤移植模型动物具有较高的抑瘤率，能明显提高模型小鼠的生存质量；对荷瘤小鼠DTH耳肿胀、ConA诱导的小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖、荷瘤小鼠细胞因子（TNF-α、IFN-γ）呈现明显的促进或提高作用；能显著减少化疗药所引起的小鼠体重降低、脏器损害以及生存质量下降等不良作用；本品含药血清对ConA诱导的淋巴细胞增殖具有明显的促进作用；能提高SMMC-7721细胞G0-G1期比例，降低G2/M期细胞数目，而减少其进入分裂期；对肿瘤细胞的多个癌基因具有明显的抑制作用，同时上调抑癌基因等。

What would he tell Judith and the children?

他将怎样告诉朱迪丝和孩子们呢？

I this is at that time, the opinion with peacockish true girl is full of in a heart.

这就是当时的我，一个心中布满虚荣的女孩子真实的想法。