多线染色体的

The main results and conclusions are as followings.1, The histone deacetylase inhibitors were used to feed the larve of the fly, and then the polytene chromosomes were observed under the microscope.

得到的主要结果和结论如下： 1，通过用去乙酰化酶抑制剂处理果蝇幼虫，观察果蝇多线染色体在热休克基因处的形态变化，发现去乙酰化酶抑制剂介导的乙酰化水平的升高可引起染色体结构的显著变化，推测乙酰化修饰不仅影响分子间的相互作用而且还可以影响染色体的高级结构。

The improved technique succeeded in the preparation of chromosome specimens of blackfly salivary gland, which was convenient for the observation of chromosomes shape and chromosomes variation in the laboratory.

改进的蚋类唾腺多线染色体制备方法可获得较满意效果，便于观察染色体形态和研究染色体结构变异等。

The polytene chromosomes found in the salivary gland cells are among the largest chromosomes known today.

唾液腺细胞中的多线染色体是目前已知的最大染色体之一。

Objective To improve the traditional preparation of the polytene chromosomes of blackflies and observe chromosomes abstracted.

目的 对传统蚋类唾腺多线染色体制备方法进行改进，以获得良好的制片效果。

The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is an important model organism in research fields of genetics and developmental biology due to the advantages of easy to breed and to get enough embryos in the laboratory, short life cycle, having large polytene chromosomes, and etc. It has made great contributions to the development of modern life science.

果蝇由于具有容易饲养、产卵多、生命周期短以及具有粗大的多线染色体而便于进行基因定位等优点，已成为遗传学和发育生物学等研究领域中重要的模式生物之一，对现代生命科学的发展作出了突出的贡献。

After removing DNA, histones and part of NHPs, we found that actin and tropomyosin exist in the polytene chromosomal scafiold by immunofluorescence experiments.

对去除DNA、组蛋白和大部分非组蛋白的果蝇多线染色体的免疫荧光实验表明，肌动蛋白和原肌球蛋白存在于果蝇多线染色体骨架上。

Methods Mature larvae of blackflies were selected, dissected and shelled out salivary glands. The traditional method was improved, and the clear polytene chromosomes slices were prepared after the use of new staining fluid, flush fluid and cleaning fluid.

选用经Carnoy's液固定的蚋成熟幼虫进行解剖、剥离唾腺，对传统蚋类唾腺多线染色体制备方法进行改进，包括改良染色液，使用冲洗液、背景净化液等新制剂和新步骤并得到清晰的蚋唾腺染色体图形。

The protocol is summarized in Figure 18.16. A radioactive probe representing a gene (most often a labeled cDNA clone derived from the mRNA) is hybridized with thedenatured DNA of the polytene chromosomes in situ. Autoradiography identifies the position or positions of the corresponding genes by the superimposition of grains at a particular band or bands.

如图26.15所示为此过程草图：一个放射性探针代表一个基因（常是一个从mRNA中克隆得到的cDNA），它与原位多线染色体的变性DNA杂交，放射自显影仪可通过叠印特定纹带的纹理来识别应答基因的位置。

The protocol is summarized in Figure 18.16. A radioactive probe representing a gene (most often a labeled cDNA clone derived from the mRNA) is hybridized withthe denatured DNA of the polytene chromosomes in situ. Autoradiography identifies the position or positions of the corresponding genes by the superimposition of grains at a particular band or bands.

如图26.15所示为此过程草图：一个放射性探针代表一个基因（常是一个从mRNA中克隆得到的cDNA），它与原位多线染色体的变性DNA杂交，放射自显影仪可通过叠印特定纹带的纹理来识别应答基因的位置。

YR-cohesion chromosome model will give a better answer to the questions such as exchange,centromere,holocentromere,synaptonemal complex,polytene chromosome,puff,lampbrush chromosome,chromosome banding,non-segregation of sister chromatid,pollentube pathway and biological evolution.

YR-染色体模型能自然、合理地解释所有遗传现象，如交换、着丝粒、全身着丝粒或弥散型着丝粒染色体、同源染色体联会及联会复合体的中央区、多线染色体与膨突、灯刷染色体、染色体分带、姊妹染色体由前期到中期不分开、花粉管会导入外源遗传物质、高等生命是怎样从原始生物进化而来的等等。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。