多粒的

The main factors affecting the soil-structure interface behaviors were found experimentally and theoretically, including: 1 the thickness of the interface that is five to six times the average grain size of the soil; 2 the aeolotropy of interface, which is responsible for anisotropic response of the stress-strain response of the interface; 3 two physical states, including crashing and compression of the soil near the structure surface, which govern the stress-strain response of the interface strongly; 4 two shear deformation components due to sliding and constraint of the structure surface relative to the soil respectively, which forms the deformation of the interface; 5 the volumetric strain due to dilatancy, which is found to be composed of a reversible dilatancy component and an irreversible dilatancy component. 4. A unified constitutive model of the interface, based on new elasto-plasticity damage theory, was developed. It was confirmed to be effective for the conditions considering monotonic and cyclic shearing, coupling effect of shear and volumetric strains, evolution of physical state, micro-structure aeolotropy of the soil and the resulting aeolotropy of the interface as well as the three normal boundary conditions stated above. 5. 2D and 3D finite element formulations of the present model were derived and incorporated into the FEM codes. They were applied to the evaluation of practical engineering problems with different typical interfaces between soil and structure. The new model was shown to be reasonable and effective.

确定了粗粒土与结构接触面厚度约为5～6倍的平均粒径，首次揭示了接触面的细观结构异向性以及由此所引起的宏观剪切异向性，发现了在单调和往返剪切荷载作用下土颗粒破碎和剪切压密两种物态变化机制共同支配着接触面力学性质的变化，通过细观分析证实了接触面的变形可分解为一般同时发生的土与结构交界面上的滑移变形以及结构面位移约束范围之内土体本身的剪切变形两部分，观测到接触面受剪时表现出明显的相对法向位移，并可分解为可逆性和不可逆性两个分量；(4)建立了第一个能够统一地描述单调与往返剪切特性、剪应变与体应变耦合特性、细观结构和宏观剪切异向性以及土颗粒破碎等物态变化特性的土与结构接触面弹塑性损伤本构数学模型，并采用多种法向边界条件复杂加载路径的试验成果验证了新模型的合理性和有效性；(5)提出了新模型的二、三维有限元格式并结合实际边值问题进行了应用计算分析，比较了不同接触面本构模型对计算结果的影响，证实了新模型及其有限元格式不仅能够合理地描述土与结构接触面的主要力学特性，还能够较好地反映土体与结构物在接触面处的滑移、脱开等不连续现象。

When the sodium lauryl sulfate and p-octyl polyethylene glycol phenyl ether is used and its level in 3% and 6: 4 ratio, the polymerization process has the lowest coagulum and the highest monomer conversion. Higher reaction temperature and more level hydroxyl value lead to more coagulum, the latter also lead to larger particle size. The acid value has larger influence on viscosity and coagulum, there exist a best range. The emulsion particle size is larger for its hydrophilicity, most of its particles are connected together.

在含较高亲水单体的乳液聚合体系中，难以制得稳定的预乳化液，不能采用工业生产中常用的预乳化工艺，而只能采用混合单体直接滴加的方法；由于单体混合物的亲水亲油值较高，用阴离子型乳化剂十二烷基硫酸钠和非离子型乳化剂聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚混合，用量为单体总量的3％，且比例在6：4时，乳液聚合时具有最低的凝聚物含量和最高的单体转化率；乳液聚合反应温度升高，可以提高单体转化率，增加反应速度，但凝聚率相应提高；随着羟基单体含量的增加，聚合过程中凝聚率增加，聚合物乳胶粒平均直径增加；羧基单体有一个最佳的用量（2.6％），过高或过低凝聚率均提高；羧基含量对乳液的粘度有较大的影响，当羧基含量较低时，羧基含量增加，乳液粘度增加明显；含羟基乳液粒子由于含亲水基团较多，使得乳胶粒径增大，乳胶粒子大多数互相凝聚在一起，处于凝聚态。

A number of pollen grains were deposited on alluvial fans and delta plains of North China Plain, and the concentration grains of pollen grains is more than 3000 per gram.

华北平原孢粉沈积相研究表明，洪积扇和三角洲平原区沈积的花粉较多，花粉沈积浓度多在3000粒/g以上。

So it is assumed that the E-box might be associated with the enhancement of transcription activity.Here, the LTRs of WH17 ,DLA-25,DLA-118 and LTR with single mutation in the E-box motif were separately cloned into pCAT-Basic vector resulting in a series of recombinant plasmids containing CAT reporter under the control of different versions of LTRs.

通过对EIAV分离株WH17的LTR与L株、DA和DLA株的LTR序列进行比较，发现其在在U3-R结合处多一个E-box基序，推测该基序的变化可能会起到促进转录作用，为此将EIAV强毒株(DLA-25)、驴白细胞弱毒株(DLA-118)、EIAV分离株WH17以及U3-R结合处的E-box基序点突变的LTR分别克隆到pCAT3-basic质粒中的报告基因氯霉素乙酰转移酶的上游，获得一系列受不同LTR控制的CAT表达质粒。

The rate of pleural effusion to diagnose is 88.9% under thoracoscopy:tuberculous pleurisy displays mainly pleura hairy nubble and diffuse white millet nubs and pleural thickeningthe trabe-form conglutination can been found; and metastatic tumor of pleura shows gray tuberculum impar and inequality of size nodosities with diffused pleural congestive and edema in the CPA and disphragmatic muscle.

结核性胸膜炎主要表现为胸膜多发结节，部分病灶出现弥漫性白色粟粒样结节和胸膜增厚，可见条索状粘连；而转移性胸膜肿瘤主要表现在肋膈角、横膈处的灰白色单结节和大小不等的多结节；非特性慢性炎症性胸膜炎主要为胸膜充血水肿，胸膜增厚纤维增生或粘连，少见有单个或多个结节增生。

The rate of pleural effusion to diagnose is 88.9% under thoracoscopy:tuberculous pleurisy displays mainly pleura hairy nubble and diffuse white millet nubs and pleural thickening,the trabe-form conglutination can been found; and metastatic tumor of pleura shows gray tuberculum impar and inequality of size nodosities with diffused pleural congestive and edema in the CPA and disphragmatic muscle.

结核性胸膜炎主要表现为胸膜多发结节，部分病灶出现弥漫性白色粟粒样结节和胸膜增厚，可见条索状粘连；而转移性胸膜肿瘤主要表现在肋膈角、横膈处的灰白色单结节和大小不等的多结节；非特性慢性炎症性胸膜炎主要为胸膜充血水肿，胸膜增厚纤维增生或粘连，少见有单个或多个结节增生。

To keep certain number of greater patches through protection and restoration in urban area is meaningful;(2) small greenland patches with diverse structure may promote the heterogeneity of urban landscape, and serve as colonial land and stepping stones for certain populations, and create rich types of habitats and ecological niches. So laying small patches in urban environment is also important. Incorporation of the coarse grain and fine grain, aggregation and outliner of landscape elements may creates better landscape patterns;(3) many literatures have showed that good landscape connectivity benefits the longer persistence of species and the conservation of biodiversity.

大的绿地斑块有多种作用，通过城市地区自然景观斑块的保护或城市绿地的建设，在城市中维持一定的较大规模的绿地斑块是有积极意义的；（2）结构不同的小的绿地斑块可增加城市的景观异质性，为生物提供迁徙地、扩散暂歇地，创造丰富的生境资源和生态位，因此，结合大的绿地斑块的建设，同时布置小的绿地斑块作为补充，粗粒、细粒结合，集聚、分散结合是形成优良绿地景观格局的途径；（3）诸多的文献已显示，好的景观连接性有利于物种持续较长的时间，从而有利于生物多样性的保护。

Existing plasmids and inherited materials are used to construct expression vector pZMW which could be integrated into S. erythraea chromosome and multi-copy expression vector pZM.

本实验室利用现有的质粒和遗传材料，构建了糖多孢红霉菌染色体整合型表达载体pZMW和游离型多拷贝表达载体pZM。

However, as the Sun bak'd these Two, very dry and hard, I lifted them very gently up, and set them down again in two great Wicker-Baskets which I had made on purpose for them, that they might not break, and as between the Pot and the Basket there was a little room to spare, I stuff'd it full of the Rice and Barley Straw, and these two Pots being to stand always dry, I thought would hold my dry Corn, and perhaps the Meal, when the Corn was bruised.

无奈之中，只得用一把腰刀来改做；这种腰刀是我从船上的武器舱中取出来的。好在第一次收成不多，所以割起来也没多大困难。而且，我收割的方法也非常独特：只割下麦穗或稻穗，把茎干留下来。我把穗子装进自制的大筐子里搬回家，再用双手把谷粒搓下来。收获完毕后，我发现原来的半斗种子差不多打了两斗稻和两斗半多的大麦。这当然只是我估计估计罢了，因为当时手头根本就没有量具。

E The fractal and spherical particles exist favorably in the coarse fraction, while in the fine mode (0μm) are floccules formed by flocking fine particles together, containing crustal elements and mainly being silicates and aluminosilicates. f The content of Al, Si, Fe in TSP samples is higher than in PM〓, indicating an enrichment of these elements in coarse mode. g Compared with non-dust particles, the dust particles are more homogeneous in terms of morphology, particle size and composition. h Particles with irregular shape and well-distributed size dominate in dust samples, containing crustal elements such as Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Fe et al.

细粒中除小圆球外，大多为细小颗粒聚结在一起的不规则块状颗粒，主要含地壳元素，可能是硅酸盐和铝硅酸盐。fMg、Al、Si、Fe在PM〓中的含量较相应的TSP中的低，可见这些元素主要存在于较粗颗粒中。g沙尘期气溶胶粒子的形貌较非沙尘期单一、均匀，非沙尘气溶胶粒子的形貌、组分较沙尘期复杂。h沙尘期样品中，粒径均匀、形状不规则的颗粒最多，这些颗粒主要含地壳元素Mg、Al、Si、Ca和Fe等，是典型的由源区传输过来的沙尘粒子，但其高硫含量表明在青岛特殊的地理环境下，在粒子表面发生了硫的均相和非均相反应。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。