多管的

The results showed: no significant difference was found between the results of single tube quantitative assay method and multiple tube fermentation technique;single tube quantitative assay method showed better accurateness,precision,and reproducibility than multiple tube fermentation technique;single tube quantitative assay method was quicker and more economical.

结果表明：MUG单管定量检测法与大肠埃希氏菌多管发酵法对菌悬液、天然海水、水产品的检测结果没有统计学差异；MUG单管定量检测法检测数据的精确性高于大肠埃希氏菌多管发酵法，而且更为快速、经济。

Results: TFF2 peptide was distributed in cytoplasm of epithelial cells of the intercalated duct, striated duct and interlobular duct, and positive reaction was found in the cavity, especially near the cavosurface of epithelial cells in the striated duct and interlobular ducts.

结果：TFF2免疫反应阳性物质主要位于闰管、纹状管和小叶间导管上皮细胞胞质，特别是近管腔面更多，纹状管和小叶间导管管腔内亦有阳性物质分布；颗粒区管的少颗粒暗细胞或无颗粒细胞强阳性；多颗粒细胞弱阳性或阴性。

The structure and morphology of CNTs which have been purified and not yet, were characterized by TEM, SEM, XRD, Raman, TG-DTA, BET, IR. The results indicated that when the stokehole reaction temperature was 1170℃,the decompose temperature of Ferrocene was 150℃,he volatilize temperature of Benzene was 50 ℃, hydric flow rate was 270ml/min, the concentration of thiophene was l% and the reaction time was 20 minutes, the CNTs with single-walled and multi-walled were prepared.

结果表明：炉膛反应温度1170℃、二茂铁的分解温度150℃、苯的挥发温度50℃、氢气的流量270ml／min、噻吩体积分数1.00／100ml苯、反应时间20min时，可以得到碳纳米管，既有单壁管又有多壁管，单壁管的内径分布在0.88～1.15nm之间，多壁管的直径分布在40～120nm之间；纯化后的碳纳米管比表面积增加，管壁光滑，而且产生了大量的含氧官能团，有利于在水溶液中的分散。

The structure and morphology of CNTs which have been purified and not yet, were characterized by TEM, SEM, XRD, Raman, TG-DTA, BET, IR. The results indicated that when the stokehole reaction temperature was 1170℃,the decompose temperature of Ferrocene was 150℃,he volatilize temperature of Benzene was 50 ℃, hydric flow rate was 270ml/min, the concentration of thiophene was 1% and the reaction time was 20 minutes, the CNTs with single-walled and multi-walled were prepared. The diameters of the single-walled CNTs are in the range of 0.08~1.15nm, and that of the multi-walled CNTs are in the range of 40~120nm.

结果表明：炉膛反应温度1170℃、二茂铁的分解温度150℃、苯的挥发温度50℃、氢气的流量270ml/min、吩体积分数1.00/100ml苯、反应时间20min时，可以得到碳纳米管，既有单壁管又有多壁管，单壁管的内径分布在0.881.15nm之间，多壁管的直径分布在40120nm之间；纯化后的碳纳米管比表面积增加，管壁光滑，而且产生了大量的含氧官能团，有利于在水溶液中的分散。

Launch dynamics and transfer matrix method of multibody system are used to develop a launch dynamics model, equations of vibration characteristics and dynamic response. The firing dispersion test method of a non-full loading fire rocket based on the idea of equal initial disturbance is presented.

应用发射动力学和多体系统传递矩阵法理论，建立了多管火箭发射动力学模型，推导出了多管火箭振动特性和动力响应方程，形成了基于等起始扰动思想的多管火箭非满管射击密集度试验方法。

By using the transfer matrix method of multibody system, the hard problem of computation of the vibration characteristics of LRMLRS coupled with rigid bodies and elastic bodies is solved which is very difficult to the ordinary dynamic methods, and the vibration characteristics of LRMLRS which is varied when the number of rockets in the launch device is varied, is obtained conveniently. By developing augmented eigenvectors of the LRMLRS and its orthogonality conditions, the nonorthogonality problem of the multibody system including rigid bodies and elastic bodies is solved and the exact analysis of the dynamics response of the LRMLRS including rigid bodies and elastic bodies is realized. By using the random integer programming method, the hard optimization problem which contains continuous variables, discrete variables and random variables at the same time is solved. This method provides a technology for optimum design with random variables and discrete variables. The dynamic optimum design is realized to decrease the number of rockets consumption in the LRMLRS test. The simulation system of dispersion of fire is established by using the maximum entropy method to estimate dispersion of fire.

通过应用多体系统传递矩阵法，解决了刚弹耦合远程多管火箭多体系统振动特性这一通常力学方法不便于解决的计算难题，方便地获得了远程多管火箭振动特性及其随发射架上火箭弹个数变化而变化的情况；通过构造增广特征矢量及其正交性条件，解决了刚弹耦合多体系统特征矢量不具有通常意义下的正交性的难题，实现了对刚弹耦合远程多管火箭动力响应的精确分析；应用随机整数规划法，解决了同时考虑连续、离散和随机变量等多种设计变量的优化设计难题，为含随机和离散变量的优化设计提供了手段，实现了减少远程多管火箭试验用弹量的动态优化设计；建立了应用最大熵法估计的密集度仿真系统，优化射序和射击间隔，实现了提高远程多管火箭射击密集度的动态优化。

Raman spectrum, UV-Vis spectra, IR, NIR and XPS spectra were used to characterize the material. The result indicates that there is a conjugative effect between MWNT and bromine, which induces the change of electron distribution on the MWNT surface. It increased the car- rier density and the electrical conductivity of MWNT became higher.

通过拉曼光谱，紫外可见光谱，红外吸收光谱，近红外吸收光谱和X光电子能谱等方法研究，结果表明：溴与多壁碳纳米管之间存在共轭作用，使多壁碳纳米管表面的电子云分布发生了变化，导致空穴载流子的产生，增加了载流子浓度，提高了多壁碳纳米管的导电性能。

Although the SWNTs are higheractive, their price is great higher than that of MWNTs, so we try to functionalize theMWNTs with the same method.

尽管单壁碳纳米管的活性高于多壁碳纳米管，但其制备成本远高于多壁碳纳米管，因此我们也尝试了用沉淀聚合方法改性多壁碳纳米管。

CNTs were first pre-treated using acid solution (HNO3) to obtain CNTs functionalized with carboxylic groups. Subsequently, the stearyl alcohol was grafted onto CNT with the assistance of dehydrating agent, N,N'-dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide. Excellent dispersion in organic solvents such as acetone, THF, and chloroform was found for the modified CNTs (CNT-C18). In addition, the PBS/CNTs nanocomposites were then prepared through simple melt-blending. Mechanical properties, thermal behavior, conductivity of resultant polymer/CNT composites were investigated. The results show that excellent dispersion of nanotubes in the PBS matrices was achieved.

为了增加多壁奈米碳管在复合材料中的分散性，将碳管表面进行化学修饰，首先将多壁奈米碳管浸入HNO3溶液中，进行酸化，使碳管表面带有羧酸的官能基，然后再加入十八烷醇，在温和的条件下，藉由N，N'-二环己基碳二亚胺(N，N'-dicyclohexyl- carbodiimide，DCC)脱水剂脱水，使碳管和十八烷醇之间产生酯基的化学键结，改质后的碳管可以分散在acetone、THF、chloroform…等有机溶剂中，结果显示成功的利用DCC脱水剂完成碳管的改质。

objective to evaluate clinical effect of the handling protaper nickel-titanium rotary instruments in preparation of canals of posterior teeth.methods 96teeth with pulpitis or periapical periodontitis were instrumented by handling protaper rotary instruments using step-down technique,and by k files using step-back technique for control.all teeth were obturated with lateral condensation methods.the efficiency of preparation was analyzed with ra-diographs before and after operation.results no transportation,apical blockage and ledge were found in test.the technique could keep canals smooth.there were two ledge,one instrument fracture and nine transportation in control.the operative time was shorter and post treatment pain seldom occurred in handling protaper group.conclusion the handling protaper niti rotary instruments can prepare the canals effectively and safety.after the preparation,the canals could be easily washed,sterilized and filled.it is an efficient instrumentation method for posterior teeth's canals and be used widely.

目的 评价手用protaper预备后牙根管的临床效果。方法选取患有牙髓炎和根尖周炎的后牙96例，随机分成试验组和对照组各48例，试验组用手用protaper多锥度镍钛旋转器械逐步伸入法预备根管，对照组用k锉，逐步后退法预备根管，两组均用侧向加压充填法充填根管，根据治疗前后的x线片，评价后牙根管预备效果。结果试验组无根管偏移、根尖阻塞、台阶，且根管壁平滑流畅，无器械折断等并发症发生。对照组有2例台阶形成，器械折断1例，根管偏移9例。试验组操作时间短且术后疼痛轻微。结论应用手用protaper预备后牙根管快速、安全，成形效果好，易于根管冲洗消毒及填充，可视为临床上预备后牙根管的有效方法。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。