多穗的

The heterosis of grain hardness of interspecific hybrid between common wheat and spelt wheat or club wheat were usually negative except that of hybrid between common wheat variety Nongda 3226 and spelt wheat or club wheat.

普通小麦与斯卑尔脱小麦的种间杂种、普通小麦与密穗小麦的种间杂种的籽粒硬度均表现负优势，但农大3226所配的组合的籽粒硬度多为正优势。

By using the Neighbor-joining method, a dendrogram was obtained based on genetic distances. The bootstrap values were evaluated for each crunode of the dendrogram by means of bootstrap test. The results showed that the mean heterozygosity of the whole native egg-typing duck breeds population was lower than those of native chicken breeds and goose breeds, suggesting that the genetic diversity in those duck breeds population is relativly rare and should be strengthened. The rank of the heterozygosity was consistent with that of the polymorphism information content. The results of the genetic distances between them indicated that the differentiation occurred long time ago. In the dendrogram, Weishan pocked, Youxian pocked, Huainan pocked, Guangxi pocked and Jingjiang pocked were classified into one goup, Chaohuand Enshi pocked were the second group, Liancheng white, Putian black, Jinding, Shanma, Sansui and Shaoxing were the flnra grong.

结果表明：我国所有蛋鸭品种全部群体的平均杂合度较低，其遗传多样性相对贫乏，各保种场要加强多样性的保护；各品种的平均多态信息含量的高低与群体平均杂合度的顺序完全一致；遗传距离的计算说明了13个品种的遗传距离较远，分化时间较长；13个地方蛋鸭品种被聚类为3个类，微山麻鸭、攸县麻鸭、淮南麻鸭、广西小麻鸭、荆江麻鸭聚为一类；巢湖鸭和恩施麻鸭聚为一类；福建省的鸭种连城白鸭、莆田黑鸭、金定鸭、山麻鸭与三穗鸭、绍兴鸭聚为一类。

The differences of providing amino acid to kernel of different winter wheatculfivars.93-52 with high protein content in kernel had highest content of amino acid innutrition organs,indicated 93-52 can provide abundance material for protein synthesis ofkernel,namely the source in full,so the content of amino acid in kernel was highest;Compared Lumai21 with Jinanl7,the amino acid content in leaf of Lumai21 was a littlehigher than Jinan17,but the amino acid content in stem、sheath and spike was obviouslylower than Jinan17,also the amount of amino acid restored in nutrition organs was large,the translocation degree was low to kernel,namely the flow was not fluency,which wasthe main reason of low content of amino acid in kernel.

小麦不同品种向籽粒供应氨基酸水平的差异。籽粒蛋白质含量高的93-52各营养器官中的游离氨基酸含量均最高，说明93-52籽粒蛋白质合成所需底物供应充足，即源足，因而其籽粒游离氨基酸含量最高。鲁麦21和济南17相比，鲁麦21叶片中的游离氨基酸含量虽略高于济南17，但茎鞘和穗中的游离氨基酸含量却明显比济南17低，并且在后期鲁麦21营养器官中游离氨基酸滞留的多，向籽粒中的转移程度低，即流不畅，是造成鲁麦21籽粒游离氨基酸含量低的主要原因之一。

The images of ranbutan were obtained by CCD camera. Image processing algorithm of OSTU and area labeling were applied to 48 rambutan images in order to remove the images of background and stem, and the texture features of color and lustre were extracted. A multi-grade support vector machine was set up, and color and lustre features were the inputs of DAGSVM.

通过CCD采集红毛丹可见光图像，经OSTU分割算法来分割图像背景后，采用面积标记算法得到去除长穗梗区域的红毛丹图像；然后提取基于色度的红毛丹图像的彩色纹理特征，并用多分类支持向量机的模式识别方法来识别红毛丹色泽等级。

Recent results indicate that （1） Oryzeae is monophyletic and falls into two main clades corresponding to the traditionally recognized subtribes;（2） Close affinities of the monoecious genera are not supported, suggesting the multiple origins of unisexual florets;（3） Previous recognition of three monotypic genera （Hydrochloa, Porteresia and Prosphytochloa） is not justified;（4） Based on dating using molecular clock approach, it is estimated that Oryza and Leersia branched off from the remaining genera of Oryzeae -20 million years ago, and separated from each other -14 MYA.

目前已有的研究结果表明：稻族是单系类群，可分为两个主要分支，相当于传统的两个亚族（Zizaniinae和Oryzinae），但稻族单性花小穗是多次起源的，不宜作为划分亚族的依据；一些单型属（Hydrochloa、Porteresia和Prosphytochloa）的建立得不到分子证据的支持；根据分子钟原理估计稻族两个主要分支的分歧时间在大约2000万年前，而稻属和近缘属假稻属Leersia的分歧时间为1400万年：稻属内主要类群的分歧时间在900万年前左右。

The research results and conclusion were summarized as follows:1 The interactively Tasseled Cap method can reflect the surface physical characters well, especially in the condition of having the high resolution and multi-spectral remote sensing datum and the knowledge of the research site.

研究结果表明： 1交互式ASTER穗帽变换能够很好的反映实际的地表物理特性，尤其适用于多光谱、高空间分辨率的遥感数据和对研究区域概况有一定的知识了解的情况。

There were a great deal of kinds of the grass with high quality and quantity fed to fish To determine the best symbiosis ecosystem of fish and grass on a closed system circulated yearly, several cold and warm grass was selected to analyse the adaptability and nutrition absorbed. It indicted that Lolium multiform Lam. and lemarthria compressa were the best option due to high adaptability of wetness, high coarse protein, fat and fibre and so on in the leaf, high biomass, high bio-filtration effect of N and P, adaption to the low or high temperature, resist to the plant diseases and insect pests, and the food of fish whose forage was grass.

鱼用优质高产牧草的种类繁多，为确定最佳的鱼草共生周年循环系统，本文选择几种冷季牧草和暖季牧草进行生长适应性与营养吸收研究，分析表明，多花黑麦草和扁穗牛鞭草是最佳的冷季牧草和暖季牧草，它们耐水性强，叶片中所含的粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维等化学成分高，植株的生物量也高，生物过滤养殖废水中的氮和磷效果好，而且可以适应外界环境的低温或高温，抵抗病虫侵害，同时为草食性鱼类喜欢食用。

Species in the genus Thinopyrum are important wild relatives for wheat improvement. They possess many desirable traits such as drought, cold and salt tolerance, long spikes and more florets, high protein concentration. It has also been found that some species are the source of resistance genes for rust and powdery mildew, and especially, the source of resistance to wheat streak mosaic virus and barley yellow dwarf virus .

偃麦草属植物是小麦遗传改良中的重要野生近缘种，蕴含抗寒、抗旱、耐盐碱及长穗多花、籽粒蛋白质含量高等优良性状，同时又是小麦锈病和白粉病的重要抗源，特别是在小麦条纹花叶病和大麦黄矮病等病毒病的抗病育种中发挥了重要作用。

The experimental results showed that all characters accorded with the addi tiv e-dominant-epistatic model, the additive gene effect and dominant gene effect pl ayed an important role in most characters of 6 crosses, epistatic gene effects w ere significant in all crosses for the 6 investigated traits, additive generic g ene-effects were more important on the spikelets per panicle and spike lets density than its non-additive generic gene-effects (［h］+［j］+［l］), b ut the l atter were relatively more crucial on the days to heading and panicle length in the two tested lines.

结果表明：六个性状都符合加性-显性-上位性模型，加性效应对两个多小穗小麦品系各性状的遗传有重要作用，部分性状存在显著的显性效应，不同类型上位性效应对各性状有不同程度的影响；各性状之间各类基因效应平方和百分比差异较大，不同类型上位性基因效应平方和百分比大小因被测系、组合而异。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。