多民族的

Secondly, the 1911 Revolution led by Mir Yat-sen successfully overthrew the Qing Dynasty, buried the system of feudalization lasting in China for more than 2000 years and gave a solid groundwork to the development of the ideas and culture of the neoteric bourgeoisie. In the area of bourgeois marriage, it advocated the slogan of "the equality between the male and female","the freedom of marriage" and "monogamy".

从民间习俗的角度而论，一方面我们可以看到乌鲁木齐地区少数民族婚姻习俗保持着本民族的诸多共性，同时又有许多特性；从乌鲁木齐地区各民族婚姻习俗差异看：皆有不同特点，即便是在诸伊斯兰民族之间，其婚姻习俗也不完全相同，各有独特之处。

The theory presents a systematic reply to the question of how to seek ethnic liberation, cope with ethnic relationships, solve ethnic problems and promote ethnic development in our underdeveloped country, In addition, it provides a correct guiding principle about ethnic work and ensures the lay-down of a series of correct ethnic policies, which play a vital role in the promotion of liberation and development of all Chinese ethnic groups and in the keep-up and strengthening of ethnic solidarity.

在长期的革命和建设实践中，以毛泽东、邓小平、江泽民为代表的中国共产党人，把马克思主义民族理论与中国实际相结合，创造性地丰富和发展了马克思主义，卓有成效地创立了具有中国特色的民族问题理论，系统地回答了我们这样一个不发达的多民族国家，如何争取民族解放、处理民族关系、解决民族问题、促进民族发展的一系列基本问题，奠定了中国共产党做好民族工作的正确的指导思想，使我们党制定了一系列正确的民族政策，对于争取中华民族大家庭中的各民族的翻身解放和繁荣发展，以及维护和加强各民族之间的团结，起了十分重要的作用。

While some of these ethnic groups inhabit in the large areas together , the situation that several nationalities reside miscellaneously in the same place is very common .

同时指出，国境两侧跨境民族的类别与人口较多，一些跨境民族虽有较大的聚居区，但各民族交错杂居与插花式分布的情形十分普遍，各跨境民族长期友好相处，相互关系较融洽，是云南境内外跨境民族在分布与来源方面的主要特点。

Therefore, it is the reality path that political integration of multi-ethnic country in China innovates in system of ethnic regional autonomy and enhances the institutionalized integration effectiveness of the system.

因此，创新民族区域自治制度，提升民族区域自治的制度化整合效能是当代中国实现多民族国家政治整合的现实路径。

This is, for China and other multiracial countries, very positive and may give some solutions for the future. In the introduction there is an explanation of the reason why I choose this title and also the questions about Switzerland in the field of present research and the meaning of those researches. The first part describes the formation of the community of Switzerland, and there I define the word "community" and the peculiarity of each member of this community, the time the Swiss people take to build this community. The second part describes this formation with more details like geographical problem, language differences, the psychological pugnacity for liberty, the practical art of neutrality and the freedom for religious behavior. Those themes prove the formation of the Swiss community. The third part contains the following topics: the international position of Switzerland and its stability, the balance of economic production, the foundation of the Swiss government and the charm of its feature. For those topics I use the economic, political and cultural angle.

全文分为瑞士多民族社会的形成，在这一部分中重点介绍了民族和民族共同体的界定，瑞士各民族的地理分布及主要特征，瑞士民族共同体形成的历史时间断限，在这一部分中特别提出了民族共同体的概念，为全文的行文打下一个概念基础；在瑞士民族共同体形成的表现部分中，共分为语言和地域差别问题的消弭，崇尚独立自由的心理素质的确立，中立外交政策的奉行，宗教多元化的制衡等几个小的部分，四个部分平衡并立，共同来论证瑞士民族共同体的表现；在瑞士民族共同体诞生的原因中，共分为以下几个部分，有瑞士特殊的国际地位与多民族社会的稳定，平衡发达的经济及其吸引力，多元政治体制的建构和灿烂文化和性格的魅力，也就是从政治、经济和文化三个角度对这个问题进行了阐述；在现代瑞士多民族社会问题部分中，有如下几个部分瑞士的外来人口在瑞士国家的生活状况，外来人口融合中的困难，以及瑞士民族共同体中其他的一些社会问题，主要探讨的是瑞士社会中的外国人的生活状况，以及在融合和同化的过程中的成功经验以及给整个瑞士社会带来的几个突出的社会问题；最后是对现代瑞士多民族社会问题的思考，也就是从和睦性，认同感以及民族平等政策三个角度中进行的分析。

China is a society which has a varied of culture and nations including various economical culture types.

中国作为一个多民族、多文化的社会，存在着不同经济文化类型的民族。

The traditional national festival celebrates is one kind of extremely complex social culture phenomenon, is forgiving the disposition, the psychology, the belief, the idea, the thinking mode, the moral sentiment, the esthetic appeal which a national history forms and accumulates down, as well as many national culture in-depth structure connotation value orientation, is the national spirit the dismissal and the important carrier which is pregnant for a long time on the specific social soil raises, is a national ecology shape is most prominent, the most characterful demonstration.

传统的民族节庆是一种极为复杂的社会文化事象，包涵着一个民族历史形成和积淀下来的性格、心理、信仰、观念、思维方式、道德情操、审美情趣，以及诸多民族文化深层结构内涵的价值取向，是民族精神在特定的社会土壤上长期孕养的解雇和重要载体，是一个民族生态形态最突出、最具特色的展示。

Dunhuang populace have no longer limited to the national -- countryideology in unified dynasty time under the historical background that centralauthorities estranging from Dunhuang day by day,Guiyi Army being graduallyindependent and region religion and ethnic groups\' historical restructuring.Ethnicgroups of Dunhuang have progressively integrated into a community which was amulti-ethnic,multi-religious culture region through each other\' s marriage,language,custom belief and so on.The social groups have changed opposition eachother and sought the internal approval.

在中原王朝与敦煌地方日益疏远、归义军政权渐趋独立化、敦煌区域宗教与族群经历了历史重构的背景下，敦煌民众也不再局限于统一王朝时期的民族——国家的意识形态之中；各族群通过婚姻、语言、习俗信仰等多层面的交流与融合，已日渐聚合为一个融汇有多民族、多宗教文化的区域利益共同体，社会群体一改过去的彼此对立，努力寻求内部认同，显然是有效维护各个族群共同生存的地域利益与群体利益的必由之路。

Li Jie, Yang ShuAbstracts: As a kind of balance mechanism between state sovereignty and ethnic a spirations, autonomy is one of an important system solve the ethnic issues in ma ny multi-ethnic countries in the world today.

自治作为介于国家主权和民族诉求之间的一种平衡机制，是当今世界上许多多民族国家解决民族问题的一项重要制度之一。

Geographically, the west plateau of Sichuan is belong to the east part of Qinhai-Tibet Plateau. Since the cordilleras and rivers tends toward a north-south disposition in this area, it was a large migrating channel which the minorities in the northwest China came into the west plateau of Sichuan a long time ago. When Tubo risen in Qinhai-Tibet Plateau, its force developed quickly from west to east.

地理上属于青藏高原东缘的川西高原，由于其南北向的山脉、河流走向，很早以前就是西北少数民族向南迁徙的大通道，加之以后青藏高原上吐蕃势力的兴起并由西向东迅速扩展，使这里不仅生活着藏民族大家庭中的康巴藏人、安多藏人、嘉绒藏人、白马藏人等诸多藏族分支，还有汉、回、羌……等多个民族，形成了川西高原多民族、多文化交融并存的情况。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失