多模式的

The first part is preface, on the basis of expounding the background, the purpose, the meaning and the thinking of the thesis study, briefly introduce the research achievements of domestic and international urban spatial structure; the second part is summary, expatiate on the connotation, component, research span and space type of urban spatial structure; The third part is theory foundation, mainly introduce the three classical models of city spatial structure in the west country (concentric circles mode, fan-shaped mode and multi-core mode) and the relative city development theories (growth pole theory, dot-axis theory, core-fringe theory, metropolis circle theory and city space evolution theory); The fourth part is general situations of study region; The fifth part is the analysis of Lanzhou city spatial structure evolution, along the historical venation Of city development, on the basis of analyzing industrial structure change, focus on and sumup the characteristics of spatial development and form, meanwhile, analyze factors which influences the spatial development; The sixth part is the analysis of Lanzhou city spatial development trend, put forward the development models of Lanzhou city spatial structure from three space aspects(the core city, the city, region) in the future, they are group gobbet structure, fingers structure, circle structure; The seventh part is to mainly put forward the development strategies for the different spatial structure models.

第一部分为前言，在阐明论文研究背景、目的及意义、思路的基础上，简要介绍了国内外城市空间结构相关研究成果；第二部分为概述，对城市空间结构的内涵、组成要素、研究尺度及其空间类型作以介绍；第三部分为理论基础，主要是对西方城市空间结构的3大经典模型(同心圆模式、扇形模式和多核心模式)以及与本研究相关的城市空间发展理论(增长极理论、点轴理论、核心——边缘理论、都市圈理论和城市空间演化理论)的介绍；第四部分为研究区概况，主要是对研究区域范围的界定及其社会经济发展概况介绍；第五部分是兰州城市空间结构演化分析，顺着兰州城市发展的历史脉络，在分析产业结构变动的基础上，着重对城市空间发展及其形态特征进行归纳总结，并分析了空间发展的主要影响因素；第六部分是兰州城市空间发展趋势分析，从中心城市、市域、区域3个空间层面上提出未来兰州城市空间结构的不同模式，即组团结构、指状结构、圈层结构；第七部分是城市空间发展策略，针对不同的城市空间发展模式提出一些对策建议。

Before dancing game includes " powerful dance with sth in one's hands is round " inside, it is a mode goes after all mostly, besides frequently whose " Perfect " hit comparison is much, did not have other purpose," the clique that heat up dance is right " try to be unique divided prop mode and mump mode, the player in prop mode can affect the play of adversary through using stage property, hit according to the player in mump mode " Perfect " amount, return the halation that can envelop different color all over, different joy is brought in game process to the player.

以往的舞蹈游戏包括《劲舞团》在内，大多就是一个模式走到底，除了比比谁的"Perfect"打的比较多，就没了别的心意，《热舞派对》则别出心裁的分了道具模式和斗气模式，道具模式里玩家可以通过使用道具来影响对手的发挥，斗气模式里根据玩家打出"Perfect"的多寡，还能全身笼罩不同彩色的光晕，给玩家在游戏过程带来不同的乐趣。

This dissertation's main work and innovations is following: 1. The 6DOF kinematic and dynamic equations of motion for multiple thrusters AUV are derived and presented in a compact form using vector notation. The hydrokinetics of the MTAUV is classified anew. The MTAUV has two kinds of work modes which are cruising and hovering. The fluid dynamical mathematics description of the MTAUV is given anew. 2. The kinetics equations of the MTAUV in the low speed hovering are analyzed and studied.

本文主要的工作和创新点主要有以下几个方面：一、采用矢量参数的形式建立了基于多推进器自主水下航行器的六自由度运动学方程和动力学方程；对基于多推进器自主水下航行器的流体动力进行了重新分类，给出了基于多推进器自主水下航行器在巡航工作模式和悬停工作模式两种不同工作状态下流体动力的数学描述。

The set of frequent closed patterns determines exactly the complete set of all frequent patterns and is usually much smaller than the laster. Yet mining frequent closed patterns remains to be a memory and time consuming task.

频繁闭合模式集惟一确定频繁模式完全集并且尺寸小得多，然而挖掘频繁闭合模式仍然是时间与存储开销很大的任务。

Dynamic programming algorithm was introduced to solve the problem. Based on discussion of calculation complexity and effectiveness, the exact DP Algorithm was successfully used in operative schedule of the collecting bucket in multi-car-single-layer mode, which has few service nodes. For problems with large number of service nodes, restricted DP algorithm was constructed to avoid rapid expand in calculation and memory demands during programming process. The restricted DP algorithm, successfully used in single-car-multilayer and compound service modes, gets balance between near optimal programming results and reasonable programming time, so as to meet the real time schedule demands.

文中首先在TSP-STW问题的动态规划模型基础上，论述了计算机精确动态规划解法的求解策略和方法以及算法的有效性和复杂性，并将其成功应用于服务节点数相对较少的多小车单层配药服务模式中集中料斗的集药动作规划；在进行服务节点数较多的单小车多层服务模式中取药小车的运动规划时，为限制计算量和存储空间需求的迅速膨胀，引入以合理限制动态规划算法在每一阶段保留的最大状态元素数为核心的有限动态规划法，以便在求解结果的优化程度和规划时间上取得均衡，达到实时调度的要求。

Field experiment was conducted to investigate yield and water use efficiency of spring wheat under different irrigation schedule.

有关不同灌溉模式对小麦产量及水分利用效率的影响已有不少报道[2，3]，但选用多个小麦品种，研究灌溉模式对小麦产量和水分利用效率影响的报道并不多见。

So this thesis discusses the multi-layer professional training model of educational technology from five directions:Chapt er 1,to research the condition of educational technology in China,relying on it,analyze the crisis and embarrassed situation of educational technology in China;Chapter 2,to research the condition of foreign educational technology, especially in American;Chapter 3,to contrast the difference and similarity between domestic and international educational technology from training corpus,training environment,training programme and the direction of the graduation.Point out the importance of making our own training model;Chapter 4,the core part,to discuss the multi-layer professional training model of educational technology from three layers,five aspects(the reason,purpose,academic position and professional position,training object,course);Chapter 5, to analyze the impact of the teacher's training of primary and junior high school to the undergraduate's education of educational technology.

因此本文从五个方向分五章探讨了教育技术学多层次人才培养模式：第一章，通过研究教育技术在中国的发展状况解析教育技术在中国的发展危机和尴尬局面；第二章，研究以美国为代表的国外教育技术的发展状况，重点分析美国主要高校的培养模式；第三章，从培养主体、培养环境、培养方案、方案的实施办法以及学习者的毕业流向等方面对比分析国内外教育技术的异同点，指出培养中国特色的教育技术人才的重要性；第四章，也是最核心的部分，从三个层次、五个方面(教育技术学得以存在和发展的原因、目的、学科定位与专业定位、培养目标、课程设置)探讨了教育技术学专业多层次人才的培养模式；第五章，浅析了中小学教师培训对教育技术学本科教育的冲击。

This work tries to apply the learning process of the cognition structure defined in Cognitive Psychology to enhance or modify the development of AI, of which the learning models are almost based on trial and error style. However, this kind of learning style is definably given to the experience behavior of stimulus and response in Psychology. Thus, the relative AI models based on such style are design as an experience-adaptation system. For better ones, e.g. evolution-base algorithms, they belonged to the system with more powerful computing power to the dynamical environment. Even so, it was considered not only outside environment but also internal parameter tuning. As for the entire learning process, it has never been enhanced. That is, various original AI models are easily to be developed to their own close-form problem.

本研究企图以认知心理学之认知结构来修正自1956年以来人工智慧之发展，由於人工智慧长期局限於试误学习之低效率学习模式，然而试误学习於传统心理学定义中仅限於刺激与反应之经验行为而已，由此学习模式所建构之任何机器学习，均只能认定为经验之适应模式而已，而较进阶的种类，如演化式计算模型，也只是其能透过电脑强大的运算能力来达成所谓的动态环境下之演化式学习模式，其中演化之特色只是多考虑了外在环境的变化或内在参数的调整，而整个学习流程却没有进ㄧ步修正。

As the embodiment of the fuel tax is "more pay more" in the principle of equity, the promotion of the owners, cargo owners to change the behavior patterns, to encourage their use of more energy-intensive mode of transport in the railway, which is conducive to the development of railway passenger and freight traffic.

作为燃油税的体现是&多支付了更多的公平原则&，业主的推广，货主改变行为模式，以鼓励使用更多的能源，在铁路，交通密集的模式，有利于铁路客运和货运的发展。

They are self-confident – leaders cannot be effective mobilisers if they do not display a high degree of confidence in themselves and in their views – but they can also be influenced and are capable of changing their minds when necessary.

同时，这种模范事例能够使员工明白如何找到工作中的问题并倾注所有积极的态度给自己的团队对于一些执行者来说，这种态度不是他们强加给员工的一个规定，而是指挥员工的一种方式他们不断的努力提高业绩——他们自己的，也属于他们的团队的，他们看到每件工作都在不断的进步他们不停的努力去理解影响机构运作的的诱因去识别能够产生价值的支点这种模式之所以重要，是因为它已超出了一句简单的&你可以做得更多&等类似的说词老板始终会要求&更多&，等到更多，但是他们没有必要将这种可以忍受和并不断增长的长期的价值的要求过分的夸大（也就是说，他们经常获得过多的价值，只需要少量的支出，而同时其他方面得到的更多，执行者们在这样的模式下增加有效的价值同时也证明他们自己正不断的提高自己的学识他们是自信的而不是实际善变的领导人，如果他们在自身和自己的信念里没有树立高度的自信心的话，但是他们同样可以被改变，并能够在适当的时候改变自己的看法当他们真的这样做的时候，他们可以清楚的了解他们改变了看法后的真相在另一个效力范围内，许多领导人为掩饰自己没有能力学习而禁止他们周围的人学习的风气虽然赞成的人居多，但是同样无效一些领导人采取了拉拉队长式的态度在没有重点寻求培养解决问题能力需要的要求的前提下，保持恰当的分配这样的领导决不会因为现有制度的不完善而有所作为

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。