多模式的

During the postgenomics era the information about genomic sequence and gene functions provides a new foundation for evolutionary biology and ecology As the first whole-genome sequenced plant Arabidopsis thaliana and its wild relatives have played a critical role in understanding the evolution of genomics and speciation Both A halleri and A lyrata are closely related to the model species A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera occurs in northeastern China Japan and Taiwan; while its sister A halleri ssp halleri is mainly distributed in Europe Geographical barriers such as Tienshan Mountain Range isolate these intraspecific sisters Likewise A lyrata ssp kamchatica and ssp lyrata occur in East Asia and North America respectively Such distribution patterns seem to be consistent with allopartic speciation The comparison between ancestral and extant polymorphism by multilocus can be informative about the population genetics of speciation In this study we collected and analyzed DNA sequences of 98 genes from four wild relatives of A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera A halleri ssp halleri A lyrata ssp kamchatica and A lyrata ssp lyrata The ancestral states of these four species were compared to each other in terms of level of genetic variation However the ancestral species at the time of speciation were substantially more polymorphic than the extant geographical populations The observations are not fully compatible with speciation by strict allopatry At some species pairs parapatric speciation seems more reasonable in speciation of Arabidopsis The 98 gene sequences are also used for the congruence test between gene genealogy and species phylogeny Only 28 genes support the species phylogeny but there are 23 genes supports another major genealogy { lyrata} thaliana Based on the phylogenetic position change of A lyrata ssp kamchatica and Ks value for each species pair suggested the recent directional gene flow between A halleri ssp gemmifera and A lyrata ssp kamchatica

阿拉伯芥是第一个完成基因体定序的开花植物，其基因体资讯提供植物学研究的重要依据；在解析阿拉伯芥属物种的亲缘关系以及种化机制等重要的演化议题时，阿拉伯芥近缘的野生物种自然成了不可或缺的关键；跟阿拉伯芥近缘的物种包括A halleri及A lyrata，其中A halleri ssp gemmifera主要分布於中国东北、日本以及台湾，与近缘的A halleri ssp halleri其分布於欧洲隔著天山及大陆的障蔽，而A lyrata ssp kamchatica主要分布於东北亚及台湾，与分布於北美五大湖的A lyrata ssp lyrata被北极圈所分隔，这样的分布模式暗示异域种化的可能。藉由多基因分析比较祖先物种与现生物种遗传歧异度的相关可提供讯息探讨种化时期的族群遗传结构，本研究针对A halleri ssp gemmifera、A halleri ssp halleri及A lyrata ssp kamchatica、A lyrata ssp lyrata四个物种，两对互为亚种的姊妹群，以阿拉伯芥为外群进行研究，在四个物种完成98个同源基因的分子序列，利用套装软体MCMCcoal来估算祖先物种的遗传变异，亦估算现生物种的核苷酸歧异度，观察到？多物种配对中祖先物种遗传多型性大於现生物种DNA歧异度，显示异域种化模型并无法完全解释阿拉伯芥属物种的种化模式，在某些物种配对间邻域种化模式应比异域种化更为可能；在基因树与物种树的比较，98个基因片段的亲缘模式只有28个是与已知物种树一致的，有23个基因其树状图支持{ lyrata} thaliana的型式，藉由kamchatica位置的变化以及估算各物种配对间的平均同义置换率，推测在A halleri ssp gemmifera与A lyrata ssp kamchatica间具有近代的单方向基因交流。

The apparatus, which performs data communication with peripheral devices having an outdoor unit, a plurality of indoor units, a repeater and a wired remote controller, includes a level converter for serving as an interface to allow multiplex communication between the apparatus and the peripheral devices; and an abnormality detector connectable with the peripheral devices from a remote site through the level converter, the abnormality detector detecting a communication abnormality in the peripheral devices by automatically changing an operation mode thereof into a slave or master mode depending on whether an operation mode of each of the peripheral devices connected thereto is the master or slave mode.

所述装置执行与外围设备的数据通信，所述外围设备包括室外单元、多个室内单元、中继器和有线遥控器，所述装置包括电平转换器，作为允许在装置100与多个外围设备之间进行多路复用通信的接口；以及可通过所述电平转换器与远端的所述外围设备相连的异常检测器，所述异常检测器通过如下方式检测所述外围设备中的通信异常：取决于连接到所述异常检测器的每一个所述外围设备的操作模式是主动模式还是从动模式，自动地把所述异常检测器的操作模式变为从动或主动模式。

The result shows that: with the expansion of teacher education space, the reform and development of Chinese teacher education is much closer or equal to that of the international teacher education. The transitional stage and education reform in China puts forward a new demand for P. E. talents. The innovation as to education object, specification and curriculum arrangement raised in P. E. Curriculum Arrangement for Chinese Universities with four-year Program published in 2003 meets such a demand, and narrows the gap of education development in high P. E. academy between China and foreign countries. P. E. teachers abroad are usually cultivated by comprehensive universities, the cultivating objectives are verified, and generalists adapted to social development are emphasized. Cultivating mode abroad are various, with "open-type" or "non-directional type" as the main mode, and 4-year program, 5-year program, and 3-year program serve as the main form of education system. Curriculum arrangement abroad stresses general education, with foundationalization, normalization, objectification, optionalization, miniaturization, internationalization and syntheticalization as its characteristics and it employs credit system. The close-typed cultivating mode of P. E. academies in China should be gradually transformed into open-type or multi-type, cultivating generalists instead of specialists, and further constructing a new one with several cultivating types co-existing. Orientation of P.E. teachers in China should follow standard principle, coordination principle, experience principle and resource principle. To improve P.E teacher education in China, the following measures can be taken: relevant laws and regulations should be made for orientation; P.E teachers" training organization should be encouraged to participate in orientation; extension and connotation of P.E. teacher education should be expanded; resources should be optimize; systematic P.E. teachers" orientations should be organized;"Life P.E. Teacher Qualification "should be changed; useful-life should be set for P. E. teacher qualification; P.E. teacher qualification should be regularly authenticated; On-job training of P. E. teachers abroad tends to be systematic, but in China P.E. teachers" on-job training and prevocational training are separated; therefore measures must be taken to change this circumstance and thus speed up the systematic process. Factors concerning constructing a new system of P. E teachers are the following: reconstructing resources, making P.E. teachers" cultivation, orientation and training systematic, establishing a mechanism for encouragement and punishment, making school-based training and college training systematic, and setting up a mechanism combining directional training with non-directional training.

研究结果表明：随着教师教育革新空间的拓展，我国体育教师教育的改革与发展水平逐步与国际体育教师教育发展趋于接轨化。2003年颁布的《全国普通高校体育教育本科专业课程方案》在培养目标和规格、课程设置上的创新性，适应了我国社会转型和教育改革对体育教育专业人才的需求，进一步缩小了与国外高等体育院系教育发展的差距；国外体育教师一般由综合性大学或文理多科性大学培养，培养目标多向化，以培养适应社会发展的通才型人才为主；培养模式灵活多样，多数以"开放型"或"非定向型"培养模式为主，学制多以4年制、5年制、3年为主；课程设置上注重通识教育，突出基础化、师范化、针对化、选修化、小型化、国际化和综合化特点，实行完全学分制的教育管理制度；我国普通高校体育教育本科专业人才培养模式应该由封闭性转向开放式混合型的人才培养模式转变，由专才型转向复合型人才培养模式转变，构建多种类型并存的人才培养模式；我国体育教师入职教育革新应遵循的原则是本位原则、协同原则、经验原则和时间与资源原则，改进措施有：做好入职教育的法规化、制度化建设，激励体育师资培育机构参与体育教师的入职教育，拓展体育教师教育的外延和内涵，优化整合资源，系统组织体育教师的入职教育，改变体育教师资格"终身制"，设定体育教师资格有效期限，推行教师资格定期认证制度等；国际上体育教师在职培训体系显现了体育教师教育一体化的发展取向，但我国体育教师的在职培训与职前培养存在分离性，必须采取改革措施，加速我国体育教师教育的一体化进程；构建体育教师教育新体系的实施要素是：重组资源配置，实现体育教师培养、入职和培训一体化，建立奖惩机制，实现校本与院校培训一体化，建立体育教师定向与非定向培养培训有机结合机制。

Teleview drama is video website most the user behavior habit of the mainstream, actor cruel from 2008 bottom up to now, its " of significant progress strategy adds up to the working focus that plans " to be put to the plan and construction of teleplay theater mode, such as heat sows theater, Han drama theater, TVB theater, a tough guy the many themes theater such as the theater, cater to close differently inspect be fond of, the lock decides different user crowd. March, actor cruel with the war epic gigantic make " my colonel my group " head hair roll out heat to sow a theater, from the warm-up to this drama conduct propaganda arrives broadcast the strong complement that all becomes TV, earn the eyeball of countless netizens, be less than the time of half month, had achieved day of UV200 10 thousand, thin volume is average VV is close the discharge dimensions of 1 million.

收看电视剧是视频网站最主流的用户行为习惯，优酷自2008年底至今，将其重要发展战略"合计划"的工作重心放到电视剧剧场模式的规划建设上，诸如热播剧场、韩剧剧场、TVB剧场、硬汉剧场等多个主题剧场，迎合不同的收视喜好，锁定不同的用户人群。3月份，优酷以战争史诗巨制《我的团长我的团》首发推出热播剧场，从对该剧的预热宣传到播出均成为电视的有力补充，赚得了无数网民的眼球，不到半个月的时间，已经达到日UV200万、单集平均VV近百万的流量规模。

Years of Chinese real estate, but was staged in Hainan, a large, real estate Enlightener Hollywood blockbusters like to attend the meeting in the single-pole, hero At that time, the soul-stirring only a small number of people; in 1998, real estate was thrown after the market-oriented, there are known as real estate development was "encircled monopoly"-like, until 2002, real estate development of only 10% of the investment banks can borrow撬起leverage of the secret is no secret that the world only on indictment, when the real estate belongs to a circle Ambilight; in 2005, up to the circle containment wall finally collapsed, re-allocation of resources, every resource structure the changes are drastic changes in the pattern of a business opportunity, even if the profits of real estate development from 30% to 10%, but outside of people, here is still the land of the return on investment.

一九九三年的中国房地产，但分别在海南，一个大型，房地产启蒙好莱坞大片要出席这次会议的单相，英雄在这当时，惊心动魄，只有少数的人；在1998年，房地产被抛出后，以市场为导向，有被称为房地产开发&包围垄断&一样，直到2002年，房地产开发的只有10个％的投资银行可以借用杠杆撬起的秘密是什么秘密，世界上只有公诉，当房地产属于一个圆圈流光溢彩；在2005年，最多的圆圈，终于遏制墙倒塌，重新分配资源，每一个资源结构的变化是急剧变化的商业模式的机会，即使利润的房地产开发由30 ％至10 ％，但外面的人，这里仍然是土地上的投资回报率。

According to the energy conservation theory, BOM and CSIM4 were coupled. The BOM has no treatment on transmission solar radiation, which is of great importance when the model is adapted to Arctic Ocean. So the treatment was introduced to BOM. Through numerical test on different lead albedos, it was found that sea ice thickness is not so sensitive to lead albedo, which may be contribute to the lead occupies little ratio within multiyear sea ice pack. The reason of summer over-melt of arctic sea ice is the NCEP reanalysis downward solar radiation being larger than its reality. Then the arctic sea ice climate variability was simulated. Results showed that: simulated ice thickness change is in accord with the submarine investigated mean sea-ice draft changes. Simulated annually maximum ice thickness along the Eurasian continental oceans are closely related to the observed ones. The long-term mean simulated ice motion has the same features of the SSM/I derived ice motion. Sea ice extents in differential sub-regions have same trends comparing to the satellite passive-microwave data derived ones. Simulated ice concentration is closely related to the observed in the Arctic sub-regions. Sea ice flux through the Fram Strait involves ice concentration, motion and thickness. It is a composite criterion for sea ice model evaluation. The simulated ice area and volume export through the strait accord with the satellite derived or statistically reconstructed ones.(5) The simulated ice thickness climate variability and mean sea surface current of the coupled model were analyzed, results showed: the total ice volume in the Arctic Ocean has a significant decreasing trend. The volume variability is of a 10-year timescale oscillation, with two major periods of 12-13a and 18-20a. Mean ice thickness in the arctic sub-seas has different tendencies. It has an increasing trend in the Barents-Kara Sea and Baffin Bay-Labrador Sea, and decreasing in the others. The characteristic time scale of 7-10a wherein the river discharges leads the Fram Strait ice volume export is about the period that river water takes to be conveyed across the Arctic Ocean.(6) Using the simulated ice distribution in the Arctic Ocean and China precipitation, air temperature and SST in tropical key regions, the climate teleconnection were studied. Result showed: When the mean sea ice thickness is large in the central Arctic Ocean and Chukchi-Beaufort Sea , and small in the Barents-Kara Sea and Baffin Bay-Labrador Sea , the precipitation in South China, Tibetan Plateau, and the north part of Northeastern China are always smaller than normal, and v. v. When the mean ice thickness is small in CA, BC, East Siberian Sea and Greenland-Iceland-Norwegian Sea , and large in BL, The air temperature in north-eastern China, the southern of Tibetan Plateau, and Hainan Island, are always lower than normal, and v. v. In addition, when the sea ice is thick in BC and BL, the SST is larger in the middle and eastern Pacific Ocean, and is smaller in the tropical Southeastern Indian Ocean.

由于BOM没有考虑透射太阳辐射的物理过程，研究表明透射太阳辐射对北冰洋的能量收支起到重要作用，因此在BOM模式中引入了对透射太阳辐射的处理；通过对不同水道反照率的数值试验表明海冰厚度对水道反照率的敏感性不强，可能与海冰区水道面积占的比率很小有关；而模式模拟的北极海冰夏季&过度融化&主要源于NCEP再分析资料提供了偏大的太阳短波辐射；对北极海冰的气候变率进行了模拟研究，结果表明：模拟的海冰厚度变化与潜艇探测的海冰吃深度变化具有一致性；模拟和观测的亚欧大陆沿海的年内最大海冰厚度有很好的相关；模拟的海冰移速与长期平均的卫星反演的海冰移速具有相同的速度分布特征；模拟的各个海区海冰面积的变化趋势与卫星反演资料分析的结果基本一致；模拟与观测的主要海洋分区的海冰密集度具有很好的相关：弗瑞姆海峡的海冰体积和面积的输送涉及到海冰密集度、厚度和移动速度，是判断模式模拟能力的一个综合的指标，模式模拟的结果与卫星反演或重建的面积输送、体积输送具有很好的一致性；(5)分析了模拟的北极海冰厚度的气候变率及气候平均表层海流场，结果表明：北极海冰的总体积有显著减少的趋势，北极海冰总体积的变化具有10a际尺度振荡的特点，存在18-20a和12-13a两个主周期；北极海冰的平均厚度在各个海区的变化趋势不同，在巴伦支—喀拉海和巴芬湾—拉布拉多海地区海冰厚度有显著的增加趋势，而其它海区存在减少的趋势；通过对模拟的气候平均表层海流的分析表明，北极河流流量超前弗瑞姆海峡海冰流量7-10年的特征时间尺度与表层海流的气候分布存在着必然联系：(6)利用模拟结果以及中国降水、气温和热带关键区SST资料，讨论了北极各海区海冰平均厚度与中国降水、气温以及热带关键区SST的关系，结果表明：在北极中心海区和楚科奇—波弗特海海冰厚度偏大，在巴伦支—喀拉海以及巴芬湾—拉布拉多海海冰厚度偏小，则中国降水在华南地区、青藏高原和东北北部降水偏少，反之相反；在北极中心海区、东西伯利亚海、楚科奇—波弗特海以及格陵兰海海冰厚度偏小，在巴芬湾—拉布拉多海海冰厚度偏大，则在中国东北地区、高原南部地区和海南岛附近气温偏低，反之相反；另外，北极楚科奇—波弗特海和巴芬湾—拉布拉多海海冰厚度偏大时，在热带中东太平洋海温偏高，而在热带东南印度洋海温偏低。

The first is Qin culture's value in the market economy, from the perspective of modem mining, the essence of the inherent humanity, addressing its deep flaws and reshape its modem value, The second is Qin cultural circle and coordinated regional economic development, Qin cultural circles and the big-Guanzhong mark sphere has the inherent linds, Qin culture research should be based on reality, from the perpective of cultural capital build a solid foundation for culture; The third is Qin culture's industrialization, which has an advantage in location and resource advantages; The fourth is inter-regional cultural cooperation's issues, Qin cultural studies should be carried out in the wide-area, multi-perspective of a comprehensive study; The fifth is to introduce the new paradigm issues. such as cultural capital, social capital and human resources.

一是秦文化在市场经济中的价值挖掘与重塑问题，应从现代性角度挖掘秦文化的内在人文精髓，正视其深层中的秦文化圈与区域经济视域下的大关中经济圈具有内在契合性；秦文化的相关研究应该立足于大关中经济圈的现实，从文化资本角度为大关中经济的腾飞打造坚实的文化根基；三是秦文化自身的产业化问题，秦文化圈具有文化产业的区位优势和资源优势，应从经济与文化交叉的角度深入作域文化产业发展模式问题；四是区域间跨文化经济交流合作问题，秦文化研究应在跨省际、跨区域的横向文化交流合作中对其内在关系进行宽领域、多视角的全面研究；五是在研究中引人新范式问题，应有效借鉴文化资本、社会资本、人力资源、企业文化与企业家精神等一些新的分析范式，推动相关研究的深人拓展。

Multiple Gameplay Modes – Zombie slayers will experience the main storyline through multiple stages with danger lurking around every corner in Story mode; replay favorite levels in Free Play mode; kill as many zombies as possible before their health runs out in Survival mode, embark on more than 40 harrowing quests in Quest mode and more!

多种游戏模式-僵尸秀逗魔导士将主要故事情节，通过多个阶段的危险潜伏在周围的每一个角落的故事模式；重播喜欢自由发挥的水平模式；杀死许多僵尸之前，尽可能的健康运行中生存模式，开始更多40痛苦的追求在追求模式和更多！

Everybody is in feel new edition gut, person while, do not know to have disclosure, this is known as break original pattern fining jade is set mode while, still added element of N much advertisement, let me must admire the playwrite, painstaking effort that directs to satisfy a sponsor expenditure, look take those assistance to expend a bit need not be irresolute when firmness is needed. The mobile phone that violet water chestnut of elder sister of 1 , rich wife and children uses 2, the dress that the youth in drama often wears 3, on that is glistening bead shade of violet water chestnut " stone ", these stone are right name brand 4, the car that when the girlfriend goes out to date, Chu Lian drives about asks infirmly infirmly, does Hunan handsome young man drive this kind of car really?

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In the second part of the paper, the sport techniques of the flight elements was analysised in-depth theoretically by the movement technical structure:①the giant swing was first analysised in mechanics by applying the Kane's method, the dynamic equation of 5-link multi-body model was established, and the computer simulation software of the giant swing on the high bar was developed.

其次，作为单杠上飞行动作系统性研究的另一主要方面，本论文对飞行动作一般技术结构中的各技术环节进行了深入的理论分析：①着重对飞行动作准备阶段的回环运动技术进行了动力学分析，主要采用了多体力学理论中的Kane方法，建立了5环节人体回环运动的动力学方程，并应用计算机数值仿真技术研制开发了用于回环运动动力学分析的数值仿真软件，进而以动作实例对回环运动进行了数值仿真与误差分析，其所得到的数值仿真结果能够满足对人体回环运动的动力学分析和仿真要求；②对于飞行动作的撒手技术环节，本论文从人体环节相对运动角度，来分析撒手时人体质心的运动以及撒手时角动量参数，并列举了几种飞行动作撒手技术的基本力学指标；③关于飞行动作的空中技术，论文在总结了空翻转体动力学机理的研究成果基础上，对人体空中运动定量化问题进行了一般性描述，并进一步应用刚体动力学理论，着重建立起了描述空翻与转体技术之间定量化的关系，讨论了空翻转体运动的稳定性及其运动模式的转换问题，它对于定量地评定空翻转体技术以及今后对空翻转体动作进行数值仿真都具有理论上和实践上的重要意义；④关于飞行动作再握技术环节，本论文避免了以再握瞬时性的力学参数指标来描述再握技术特征的简单化途径，提出以再握下摆与回环下摆相对比的方法来研究再握技术，并以飞行动作再握技术的具体实例进行了对比分析，表明再握下摆技术相比回环下摆技术有着相当的困难性和复杂性，运动员对再握下摆过程中各环节的相对运动实施有效的控制，是连接高难动作以及顺利流畅地完成成套动作的关键。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。