多样性

Aimed at the study of Lauraceae system classification in domestic and overseas,genetic diversity and genetic variation between Cinnamomun micranthum Hayata natural populations and Ex-situ conservation poputations and relationship among Its Close Relative Species of Cinnamomum camphora Presl,Cinnamomum burmannii(C.G.etTh.Nee) Bl,Phoebe bournei Yang. Litsea subcoriacea Yang et P.H.Huan. Neolitsea aurata Koidz,Lindera communis Hemsl and Persea Americana Mill.were studied by inter-simple sequence repeats molecular marker.The research aimed at genetic variation between Cinnamomun micranthum Hayata populations,so that can offer the molecular theoretic and practical method for conservation and utilization of Cinnamomun micranthum Hayata populations.

针对目前国内外对樟科植物系统分类的研究现状，本研究采用ISSR分子标记技术对樟科沉水樟天然居群和迁地保护居群的遗传多样性进行研究，从分子水平上分析沉水樟种群的生态遗传及其遗传变异规律；同时利用ISSR分子标记技术比较沉水樟及其近缘种香樟、阴香、闽楠、桂北木姜子、新木姜子、香叶树、鳄梨在分子水平上的亲缘关系，揭示这些树种在樟科植物系统进化中的作用与地位，探讨沉水樟及其近缘种的遗传多样性及其分化格局，为樟科植物的系统分类提供分子水平的依据。

The diversity index and evenness index of tree species in medium-aged stands averaged 1.79 and 0.53. The dominant family for the forest was Fagaceae in terms of importance value, and the dominant tree species were Castanopsis eyrei, C. sclerophlla, Lithocarpus harlandii, and Cyclobalanopsis glauca.

肖坑亚热带常绿阔叶林的树种多样性较低，中龄林林分平均多样性指数和均匀度指数分别为1.79和0.53；依据优势度划分，该地区常绿阔叶林的优势科为壳斗科，优势种为甜槠、苦槠、青冈和东南石栎。

Also, the machinism controlling diversification of S. japonica complex might be the same for the formation of the biological diversification center in Southwest China. Whatever, the presumed evolutionary history of S.

同时，粉花绣线菊及其相关类群生物地理学研究也是从种群遗传学角度对西南生物多样性中心在生物多样性保育中的重要意义和地位的进一步说明。

Research progress on genetic diversity of Medicago ruthenica based on phenotype, chromosome, protein and DNA was reviewed.

通过对扁蓿豆在表型、染色体、蛋白质及DNA水平的遗传多样性的研究进展，表明扁蓿豆是很具潜力的牧草植物，研究其遗传多样性具有重要的理论和实践意义。

The research aimed to analyze the genetic variation of Apis mellifera L.and Apis sinensis within variety and among variety in Jiangsu province. 6 pairs of microsatellite DNA markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity of A.mellifera and A.Sinensis at DNA level.

微卫星标记在评估群体的遗传多样性、估测遗传距离、构建群体间亲缘关系等方面显示出了很强的优越性，已经成为群体遗传结构、遗传多样性研究中最普遍最有效的工具之一。

The surveyed results show that as compared to the uncovered vegetation area, the existence of soil microbiotic crusts in the Tengger Desert region significantly increases the diversity and abundance of insect species, especially the diversity and abundance in the quadrats mainly covered by moss and lichen crusts are significantly higher than those in the quadrats mainly covered by cyanobacteria and algal crusts.

结果表明：与无结皮覆盖的植被区相比，生物土壤结皮在地表的覆盖显著地增加了昆虫的多样性和种的丰富度，其中以苔藓和地衣为主的结皮覆盖的植被样方中昆虫种的多样性和丰富度显著地高于以蓝藻和藻类为主的结皮样方。

In China, the species diversity of Myxomycetes in the north temperate regions is well known, but that in the tropical and subtropical regions is still inadequately known and will become a key research point in the future.

研究表明，中国北温带地区粘菌多样性比较明了，但热带和亚热带地区的物种多样性研究是滞后的，不过这也是此领域在未来研究的重点。

The results demonstrated that the offspring plants had certain genetic diversity. The pink and the nacarat/saffron plants had the highest genetic diversity. When RP1 or R01 as father or mother was crossed with the other color varieties, their F1 populations had significant segregation chromatogram.

对RP1的49个子代个体，R01的123个子代个体，进行ISSR遗传多样性分析及主成份分析，子代个体间存在一定的遗传差异，其中仍然以表现粉色及桔黄/桔红色的个体遗传多样性最丰富。

Moreover, the actual allele frequency of most varieties deviates far from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. All PPB、na 、I、h、Gi and Fst have proved to be the references to elucidate that ISSR is a most powerful tool to analyze genetic diversity, compared with the RAPD marker and the allozyme marker is less strong ordinally. We could divided the 70 samples into A, B, C, D and E five groups using three methods according to genetic distance clustering. There is a bit displacement for few varieties in different clustering maps, but the most are similar to morphological analysis despite that there is still a great difference among cultivars in the same one group. The above results imply that the three methods have the different sensitivity and resolution in genetic distance analysis of close varieties. The Mantel test indicates that the results from the three kinds of markers have the significant correlation, which demonstrates that the number of the used three kinds of markers is enough to exactly detect the diversity of all 70 samples to ideal extent. And these methods can be used to evaluate the diversity of the whole group using the miscellaneous samples instead of the individual sample, of the Gerbera jamesonii are mainly from tissue culture plants. In conclusion, the above study results provide a reference for the application of three kinds of molecular markers to molecular marker-assisted breeding of flower. 2. The genetic diversity among the eight introduced cut-flower varieties of Ranunculus asiatica was analyzed by the ISSR markers. Based on the genetic clustering tree, all the colorful flower varieties are clustered into one group, and the white flower varieties into another group. Moreover, among the former group the yellow flower varieties are clustered into one sub-group, and the reddish flower varieties, such as rose color, pink, nacarat, are clusetered into another sub-group.

由三种分子标记的分析结果可以看出，等位基因平均值、观察杂合度、Fis值、Fit值皆较高，表明非洲菊等位基因较丰富，杂合基因偏多，且绝大部份品种的实际等位基因频率在品种内偏离了Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium；PP8、na、Ⅰ、h、Gi及Fst皆表明，ISSR检测遗传多样性的能力最强，其次是RAPD，等位酶最低；根据遗传距离进行聚类，三种方法都把70个品种分成A、B、C、D、E五个大组，每一组中除少数品种发生位移外，大部份品种分类结果相似，且与形态分析结果有相似性，但在每一组中，品种间的聚类差别较大，表明这三种方法在近距离品种间检测遗传变异时灵敏度及分辨力不同；Mantel检测表明，三种标记的分析结果有显著相关性，表明所用的三种分子方法的标记数量已经可以相对无偏地检测到70个品种间遗传变异；非洲菊为组培苗，三种标记的检测结果皆表明，混合样品可以作为个体样品的代表，对整个居群的遗传多样性进行评价；这些研究结果可为三种分子标记方法在花卉分子辅助育种中的进一步应用提供借鉴。

The diversity index of rotifers was the highest observed. The results show that the higher the trophic level of the lake, the higher the density diversity index of rotifers in definite trophic level range (from oligotrophic to mesotrophic).

轮虫类的多样性指数最高，并且当湖泊在一定的营养水平范围内（贫营养型向中营养型过渡）时，轮虫的密度多样性与湖泊的营养水平呈现相同的变化趋势。

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！