多样性

This paper investigats the genetic diversity of the wolf spider (Pardosa pseudoannulata BSenberget et strand 1906) by using the SRAP reaction system and analyzes the effect which ecological factor carried on genetic diversity.

利用SRAP标记对不同地理区域的拟环纹豹蛛(Pardosa pseudoannulata BSenberg et strand 1906)种群遗传多样性进行研究，分析了不同生态因子对拟环纹豹蛛种群遗传多样性的影响。

The content of mineral elements in ripe fruits of M.sieversii from 78 seedings at Mohe Town,Gongliu Country were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer.The results indicated that M.sieversii seedings presented considerable genetic variations in content of mineral elements with the range of variation coefficients from 24.2% to 54.0%.So it has large potential for further selection.Four elite seedlings were selected,namely large fruit type,high Ca content type,high Zn content type and high damascenone content.As the predominant component of Ily wild fruit tree forest,Malus sieversii had occupied an area of 9300ha.But the inherent reproduction system of M.sieversii and genetic diversity of the species were destructed in different degrees,as a result of farming assart,over grazing and damage by Agrilus mali.

上述结果支持&新疆野苹果可能是栽培苹果祖先种&的结论；②对巩留县莫舍乡的新疆野苹果78个实生株系果肉组织Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn、Cu、Mn6种矿质营养元素进行测定的结果表明，每种矿质元素含量单株间差异显著，变异系数在24.2％～54.0％，遗传多样性丰富，进一步选择的潜力很大；③根据新疆野苹果果实形态、香味物质和矿质元素含量等的测定结果，初步筛选出了大果型、高钙型、高锌型和大马酮型等4个特异性状单株；④调查发现，由于农田开垦、过度放牧以及苹果小吉丁虫的蔓延危害，目前伊犁野果林面积逐年减少，野苹果固有的繁育体系和遗传多样性受到不同程度的破坏。

At present, the difficulty in sustaining language diversity focuses on the energy-decaying languages, so how to research amort languages of different degrees with wider eyeshots is not only useful for sustaining language species but also of great contribution to culture diversity.

目前，保持语言种类多样性的难点，更多地集中在那些语言活力开始衰退的语种上，如何以更广阔的视野对程度不同的濒危语言进行研究，不仅有利于语言种类的保持，也是对文化多样性的贡献。

Genetic cluster analysis is similar based on the results of morphological and DNA markers, the five populations could be divided into three groups. But there are different groups sort of individual locations, reflecting the similarities and difference about the analysis of the relationship between population with the two kinds of markers, It could be concluded that there was coupling and relevance to some extent in evaluating genetic diversity with the same experiment sampling by morphological and SSR marker variation. However, there was also differences. In research, the two can complement each other.8. Identification of Genetic Relationship of Amygdalus plants by SSRThe genetic relationship among 55 Amygdalus plants collections, belonging to 6 species and collected from both homeland and abroad were identified via SSR molecular marker technique.

新疆野扁桃遗传多样性不同研究分析方法结果的比较与评价表型与DNA二种水平的遗传标记方法揭示的遗传多样性水平有差异，表型性状比DNA分子标记具有更大的变异性；其受到环境的影响较大，也即对环境更敏感。2种水平的遗传标记聚类结果将野扁桃5个不同分布群体均可分为3个大类群，但是出现有个别不同的群体排序位置，反映了2种标记在分析种群间关系上的异同性，从本研究结果来看，说明表型与DNA标记有一定的耦合性和相关性，但也存在差异，在研究上可以互为补充。8。

We measured the photosynthesis of Roegneria kamoj, Polygonumsphaerostachyum, Koeleria cristata, Kobresia myosuroides, Ligularia sagitata and Anaphalis lacteal under different soil status and investigated the variations ofcommunity composition after fertilizer to find out the mechanism ofαdiversityformation at local community level. At metacommunity level, we compared the effectsof distance and environmental gradient on the community similarity indexes of fourdifferent locations in two hills to seek the mechanism of D diversity formation.

在局域群落中，以高寒草甸植物群落的重要组分种：鹅观草、球花蓼、洽草、嵩草、箭叶橐吾和乳白香青为对象，通过施肥处理后光合能力以及群落结构的变化探讨α多样性的形成机制；在集合群落水平上，通过对比两座相距180 m山坡上4个不同坡向样方间群落相似性与距离和环境梯度的相互关系，探讨β多样性的形成机制。

This whole research constitutes two independent projects, that is "Estimating divergence times among subfamilies in Nymphalidae" and "Fine- and landscape-scale spatial genetic structure of cushion rockjasmine, Androsace tapete, across southern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau", which discussed respectively the application of molecular evolutionary analysis in two aspects of evolutionary biology.

分子进化分析就是利用分子数据来研究进化问题。地球上呈现的生物多样性则是突变和自然选择的产物，是生物进化的结果。生物进化的过程包含有两个面：基因的长期进化和遗传多样性，也就是通常意义上的大进化和小进化。该项目就是以两个不同的实验——即&蛱蝶科各亚科间分歧时间的估计&和&青藏高原垫状点地梅的空间遗传结构分析&——分别探讨了分子进化分析在大小进化两个方面的应用。

The large-scale soil animal sorts were gathered by hand, while the medium and the small soil animals were separated by the funnel law and the funnel law, totally 314 soil animals were caught, which subordinated separately in the mollusk gate ,the annulate gate and 3 phyla 4 class 12 order results showed that the ball tail phyla and the hymenoptera prospect, tubing up 57.54% of the total phyla ,are the dominant class groups and main part of soil animals in this area; The hymenoptera ant class, the coleoptera larva, the arachnids, man kind of, the gastropoda is the common class group the hymenoptera are the common class groups .these result indicate that the community multiple of soil animal's degreases progressively basically among different soil strata sing soil depth and has an obvious aggregation .

结果表明：弹尾目和鞘翅目成虫为优势类群，占全捕量的57.54%，是该区土壤动物的主体。膜翅目蚁类、鞘翅目幼虫、蜘蛛类、螨类、腹足类等为常见类群。上述结果显示土壤动物群落的多样性在不同土层中基本上是随土层深度的增加而递减，并且表聚性明显。关键词：枣园；土壤动物；群落多样性；陕西榆林

The index (Gst=0.5284) presentes that 52.84% molecular variation existes among subpopulations, 47.16% existes within subpopulations. There are changes of genetic differentiation from 0.0000 to 1.0000. In addition, the gene flow of Aristida pennata populations is 0.4426, which suggests relative limited gene flow may be one of important factor influencing on the genetic structure of the species.

亚种群间的基因分化系数为0.5284，即有52.84％的遗传多样性存在于种群间，有47.16％遗传多样性存在于种群内，各位点的遗传分化程度差别较大(0～1.0000)，其基因流为0.4462，不足以防止漂变引起的种群间的遗传分化。

Besides, the genetic differentiation also existed among subpopulations. We deduced that the limited gene flow and breeding type were important factors leading to genetic differentiation. The genetic structure of Aristida pennata populations reflected its characteristics of clone reproduction and the good adaption to the severe environments.

本研究认为羽毛三芒草种群遗传多样性很丰富，遗传结构较为复杂，亚种群间遗传多样性大，亚种群间存在一定遗传分化，基因流和繁育方式是导致种群遗传分化的主要因素。

Special attention was paid to the corelationship of lan dscape pattern index and population proˉ portion. Results showed that the diversity and evenness of landscape p attern in Luoyang urban area were on a low level, none of the landscape types exhibited high domina nce,and the green land landscape was in better state.

结果表明，洛阳市区各个研究区景观多样性整体程度不高、分布均匀程度较低且由某种景观占绝对优势的现象较少，绿地景观整体较好；同时相关分析中，城市化率与各个景观格局指数间相关程度较低，其中与景观多样性、均匀度、优势度、破碎度均呈现出负相关性，而只和景观破碎度表现出一定的显著性。

I am accused of being overreligious," she said in her quiet, frank manner,"but that does not prevent me thinking the children very cruel who obstinately commit such suicide.""

客人们在卡罗利娜·埃凯家里，举止就文雅一些，因为卡罗利娜的母亲治家很严厉。

Designed by French fashion house Herm è s, this elegant uniform was manufactured in our home, Hong Kong, and was the first without a hat.

由著名品牌 Herm è s 设计，这件高贵的制服是香港本土制造，是我们第一套不配帽子的制服。