多样性

The conservation of biodiversity can never thrive without public participation. Since youth is the fresh and active force in biodiversity conservation, SEPA, the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Youth League and the Ministry of Education will jointly initiate the activity of Calling Up the Programs of Public Activities for Biodiversity Conservation, which is to target the youngsters in communities and rural areas.

生物多样性保护离不开公众的参与，青年是生物多样性保护的生力军，结合今年国际生物多样性日的主题，环保总局和团中央、教育部将共同开展"保护生物多样性公益活动方案征集"活动，此次活动面向青年、面向社区、面向农村，目的是使更多的人意识到生物多样性与气候变化对人类生存的重要性，认识到生物多样性是重要的资源、是维护国际生态安全的重要保障。

That is, a number of panelists refer to "diversity" as a factor when making awards, but they are much more likely to be speaking of diversity of institution (35 percent) or discipline (34 percent) than to be speaking of diversity of gender (15 percent) or race (14 percent).

也就是说，一些评审员提到的"多样性"作为授奖的因素之一，但他们谈论的更可能是机构多样性（35%）或学科多样性（34%）而不是性别多样性（15%）或种族多样性（14%）。

The results show that there are large range of variability and rich genetic resources of foxtail millet germplasm in Gansu. And the genetic diversity of germplasm resources in different regions is significantly different.

结果表明：(1)甘肃省谷子地方种质资源的多样性在地州间存在明显差异，多样性以陇中的兰州、白银、定西、临夏，陇东的庆阳、平凉和河西的武威为富集地，多样性指数范围在1.5312~1.3424；而金昌、陇南地区的多样性相对较低，多样性指数范围在

Biodiversity is one of the front areas of current biological research. The mechanisms of the formation, spatial distribution pattern, conservation and utilization of biodiversity have been an important area of biological and environmental research. In this study, through analyses of data about plant diversity, animal diversity, geographic factors, climatic factors, and energy factors by use of GIS software, statistic software and ecology software, the mainland of China was divided into 241 small districts of 2° by 2°. The environmental factors in each district were analyzed and isopleth maps of environmental elements were depicted.

生物多样性是当今生物学研究的热点问题之一，生物多样性的形成机制和分布格局以及保护利用问题一直是生物学和环境科学所研究的重要内容，本文由此出发，以中国陆地为研究区域，通过植物多样性数据、动物多样性数据、地理因子、气候因子、能量因子等资料，利用MAPGIS、MAPINFO等GIS软件，SPSS、DPS等统计学软件以及CANOCO等生态学软件，将中国陆地划分为241个小区，分析了各区内的环境特点，统计了各区内生物多样性的数量，并绘出环境因子等值线图，中国陆地种子植物科、属、种，裸子植物种、蕨类植物种、兽类、鸟类、爬行类、两栖类种数的等值线分布图，对中国陆地植物、动物多样性现状、分布格局及与环境因子的关系进行了研究。

The first axis can basically reflect the elevation gradient variation and the second axis was closely relative to the relationship between water environment and the life form of constructive species.

随着社会的发展，生物多样性研究也越来越受到全球的关注，物种多样性作为生物多样性组成内容之一，是研究和保护生物多样性的基础和核心，深入探讨物种多样性的科学本质和变化规律，研究物种多样性及其生存环境的关系对于生物多样性保护具有重要价值。

The species diversity of Dipentodon sinicus communities in Yushe National Forest Park of Guizhou province was studied based on the quadrate method. The results showed that Rosaceae, Ericaceae, Betulaceae, Fagaceae, Theaceae, Lauraceae, Caprifoliaceae, Cornaceae were the dominant families in D. sinicus communities of Yushe National Forest Park. In the 10 sample plots, there were 8 which were absolutely dominated with D. sinicus population, the importance value came up to 135.69 on average, and it was far higher than the others. For D. sinicus communities, the abundance index (2.847), Simpson index (0.601), Shannon-Wiener index (1.523), probability of inter-specific encounter (0.601) and species evenness (0.569) of the tree layer were lower than those of the shrub layer (5.580, 0.830, 2.377, 0.829, 0.672, respectively) on the whole. It markedly showed a species diversity characteristic of the mixed broadleaved evergreen and deciduous forest in middle subtropics. In the 10 sample plots, the species diversity level of Q1 was the highest, followed by Q3, Q5 and Q6 was the lowest.

摘要运用样方法对贵州省玉舍国家级森林公园稀有保护植物十齿花群落的物种多样性进行了研究，结果表明：玉舍国家级森林公园十齿花群落以蔷薇科、杜鹃花科、壳斗科、桦木科、山茶科、樟科、忍冬科、山茱萸科等为优势科；10个样地中有8个样地以十齿花种群占绝对优势，其平均重要值高达135.69，远远高于其它种群；十齿花群落乔木层物种丰富度为2.847、Simpson指数为0.601、Shannon-Wiener指数为1.523、种间相遇机率为0.601、均匀度指数为0.569，总体上均小于灌木层(分别为：5.580、0.830、2.377、0.829、0.672)，表现为较明显的亚热带常绿落叶阔叶混交林的物种多样性特征。10个样地中，Q1的物种多样性程度最高，Q3次之，Q5和Q6最小，多样性程度最低，10个样地的物种多样性排序为Q1＞Q3＞Q9＞Q7＞Q2＞Q4＞Q10＞Q8＞Q5＞Q6。

The results showed:①the communities that stipa baicalensis is edificator had the highest species diversity, and the idea that stipa baicalensis communities were the local zone vegetation was supported;②the majority of studied communities were unsaturated in the species diversity, and the species diversity had a tendency to increate with the improvement of soil environment;③the relation of species diversity to community productivity was a one-humped function, that is, the species diversity of mediation productivity was highest;④the species diversity under intermediate disturbance was highest, and the intermediate disturbance hypothesis was supported;⑤the content of potassium in soil had probably an important function, or was an important following factor in the types of grassland community;⑥a new hypothesis on the forming mechanism of species diversity of community, Small Scale Competition and Random-Patch Dynamic Hypothesis, was put forward boldly.

通过上述研究分析得出如下结果：①以贝加尔针茅为建群种的群落物种多样性最高，从物种多样性角度证明该群落类型最适应本区气候和环境条件，应是本区的地带性群落；②绝大多数群落的物种多样性处于未饱和状态，随土壤环境的改善呈明显的增加趋势；③物种多样性与群落生产力呈单峰函数关系，即在中等生产力水平时物种多样性最高；④放牧中等干扰水平物种多样性最高，支持Connell的中度干扰学说；⑤偶然发现土壤钾含量可能在草地植被类型分化中起到重要作用，至少是一个重要的伴随因子；⑥大胆提出了群落物种多样性构成机制的新学说即小尺度竞争随机斑块动态学说。

Sympegma regelii community, a rangeland desert vegetation, has the highest Shannon-Winner species diversity indices (1.706); the communities of Haloxylon ammodendron and Ephedra przewalskii, which have obvious feature of desert vegetation, are in the middle in species diversity indices (0.875-0.890); the communities of Calligonum mongolicum, Populus euphratica, Tamarix ramosissima and Glycyrrhiza inflata, characterized by desert forest of which saline desert bushes and saline meadows are scattered in the communities, have lowest value of the species diversity indices (0.079-0.495). 3 The structure of desert plant community is dominated by the bush layer. The species diversity indices of bush layer (0.769-1.451) is much higher than that of herb layer (0.193-0.254), and the diversity in herb layer is strongly influenced by bush layer. 4 The species diversity of desert plant communities shows a gradient of change with respect to longitude, latitude and elevation. For example, rangeland plant Sympegma regelii, with a high level of diversity indices (1.706), is in transition to desert plants Haloxylon ammodendronn community (with a low level of diversity indices of 1.379) in a longitude gradient and to saline Tamarix ramosessima community (with a low level of diversity indices of 0.376) in a latitude gradient. Calligonum mongolicum community, with a low level of species diversity (0.819), is in transition to Ephedra przewalskii (with a low level of diversity indices of 0.890) and Haloxylon ammondendron community (with the diversity indices of 0.645) in an elevational gradient.

群落Shannon-Wiener物种多样性水平表现为合头草群落最高(1.706)，具有草原化荒漠植被类型的成分；梭梭群落、膜果麻黄群落居中(0.875~0.890)，荒漠植被类型特征明显；沙拐枣群落、胡杨群落、多枝柽柳群落、胀果甘草群落较低(0.079~0.495)，荒漠林、盐地沙生灌丛及盐化草甸植被均有零星分布。3荒漠植物群落结构层次中，灌木层占居主导地位，群落灌木层物种多样性水平(0.769~1.451)远远大于草本层(0.193~0.254)，且草本层物种多样性受灌木层影响较大。4荒漠植物群落物种多样性分布格局表现为经向、纬向和海拔梯度的变化，经向、纬向变化为物种多样性水平较高的草原化植物合头草群落(1.076)向物种多样性水平较低的荒漠植物梭梭群落(1.379)和盐化植物多枝柽柳群落(0.376)的过渡，海拔梯度则呈现低水平的沙拐枣群落(0.819)到高水平的膜果麻黄群落(0.890)向低水平的梭梭群落(0.645)变化。

Four aspects of the traditional cultures of ethnic groups (cultural beliefs, medicinal culture, food culture, folklore customs), and their impacts on plant resource management and biodiversity conservation were studied and analyzed in Northwestern Yunnan using ethnobotanical approaches.

中文题名滇西北山地传统民族文化与生物多样性保护副题名外文题名 Traditional ethnic cultures and biodiversity conservation in the mountain areas of northwestern Yunnan，China 论文作者罗鹏导师裴盛基研究员学科专业植物学研究领域\研究方向学位级别博士学位授予单位中国科学院昆明植物研究所学位授予日期2001 论文页码总数156页关键词植物资源民族文化云南民族植物学生物多样性传统文化馆藏号BSLW /2003 /Q948 /23 运用民族植物学原理，采用野外面上调查、定点社区调查和文献研究相结合的办法，对滇西北少数民族传统文化中四个主要方面，即传统信仰文化、医药文化、饮食文化和民俗文化对植物资源的利用和管理的影响、与生物多样性的关系进行了调查和分析，对其中的一些&文化利用植物&进行了编目：运用生态学手段，对信仰文化在生态系统水平上对生物多样性的保护作用进行了定量分析；并采用参与式的典型社区调查的方法分析了民族传统文化对社区资源管理的影响以及传统文化机制的衰退与生物多样性变化的关系。

Results on the effects of grazing by sheep on species and functional group diversities had not led to consensus in different communities: species richness, species diversity, diversities of life forms and water ecological type groups decreased with grazing intensity increased except in the Leymus chinensis + forbs community.

放牧对4种群落物种和功能群多样性的影响随不同的群落而表现不同：物种丰富度、物种多样性、生活型多样性和水分生态类型多样性除羊草杂类草群落外随放牧强度的加大而降低，但适度放牧增加了羊草杂类草群落的上述多样性指标。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。