多巴

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Morphologic changes of differentiated ventral mesencephalic precursors; Expression of DN-related common marker genes before and after the induced differentiation.

主要观察指标：①多巴胺能前体细胞诱导分化后形态变化。②常见多巴胺能神经元标记基因在诱导分化前后过程中的表达。

BACKGROUND: A series of studies have demonstrated that ventral mesencephalic dopamine precursors may differentiate into considerable dopaminergic neurons available for cell transplantation for Parkinson's disease.

摘要背景：一系列研究表明，腹侧中脑多巴胺能前体细胞可在体外经人工诱导分化为大量多巴胺能神经元，有望用于移植治疗帕金森病，但是其分子特征尚不明了。

Rat ventral mesencephalic precursors can be induced to differentiate into plenty of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive DNs, mainly originating in A10 regions.

大鼠腹侧中脑多巴胺能前体细胞可在体外大量诱导分化成酪氨酸羟化酶阳性的主要源自中脑腹侧被盖区(A10)的多巴胺能神经元。

Objective:To explore the clinical effect of sodium nitroprusside,dopamine with dobutamine in treatment of refractory heart failure of dilated cardiomyopathy.

目的：探讨硝普钠、多巴胺和多巴酚丁胺治疗扩张型心肌病顽固性心力衰竭的临床疗效。

At the depigmentation assay, DH and EH show dose-dependently inhibitory activities against mushroom tyrosinase, and the IC50 is 5.697 and 5.256 mM, respectively, and show noncompetitively inhibitory modes in the present of tyrosine, but not DOPA. The control synthetic products, D and E, have no inhibitory effects on tyrosinase. Using tyrosinase activity staining in PAGE gels, both DH and EH show dose-dependently inhibitory pattern in the presence of tyrosine, while, EH also could suppress tyrosinase activity in the presence of DOPA.

而美白活性方面，以商品酪胺酸以商品酪胺酸酵素进行实验，当基质为酪胺酸时，发现DH与EH具浓度相关抑制效果，IC50分别为5.697与5.256 mM，且其相对於基质酪胺酸之抑制型态皆为非竞争型抑制，而其结构类似物之对照化合物D与E则不具此活性；但当基质为多巴时则皆不具此活性；利用原态PAGE电泳活性染色亦发现抑制酪胺酸酵素结果，但EH在基质为多巴时也能下降酪胺酸酵素活性。

After neurotoxin treatment, CR monkeys exhibited significantly higher levels of locomotor activity compared with control monkeys as well as higher levels of dopamine and DA metabolites in the striatal region.

神经毒素处理以后，热限制的猴子与对照组的猴子相比表现出更高的自发活动能力，并且多巴胺和多巴胺代谢产物在纹状体也表现出非常高的水平。

We found that, in the ventral tegmental area of anesthetized rats, the population of presumed dopamine neurons that are excited by aversive stimuli is actually not dopaminergic.

作者发现在麻醉大鼠的腹侧被盖区中被推测对令人厌恶刺激产生反应的多巴胺能神经元群体实际上不是多巴胺能的。

One major central dopaminergic system that has been implication in cardiovascular regulation is the mesolimbic system. This system originates from ventral tegmental area of the midbrain.

而中枢的多巴胺系统中与心血管调控较有关系的路径即是由中脑腹侧被盖区(ventral tegmental area，VTA)的多巴胺细胞本体所投射出的中边缘路径。

Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that's at least partially responsible for regulating sensation and movement, said Winkelman, who added that medications that increase dopamine activity in the brain, such as ropinirole or pramipexole, are effective in treating RLS.

多巴胺是一种神经递质，至少部分负责调节敏感度和运动，能增加多巴胺在大脑中活性的治疗药物对于治疗RLS很有效，如普拉克索或罗匹尼克。

Hydroxydopamine ; nictitating membrane conditioning ; learning ; memory ; catecholamine ; noradrenaline ; dopamine

6-羟基多巴胺；瞬膜条件反射；学习；记忆；去甲肾上腺素；多巴胺；儿茶酚胺

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。