多巴

Simultaneous measurement of CORB and COTD were performed in following situations:(1)cardiac output was varied by manipulating inotropic drugs(adrenine, dobutamine, dopamine, verapamil);(2)under six different ventilatory settings:①volume controlled ventilation with tidal volume of 12ml/kg(VCV, VT 12ml/kg);②volume controlled ventilation with tidal volume of 6ml/kg(VCV, VT 6ml/kg);③pressure controlled ventilation with tidal volume of 12ml/kg(PCV, VT 12ml/kg);④pressure controlled ventilation with tidal volume of 6ml/kg(PCV, VT 6ml/kg);⑤volume controlled ventilation with high positive end-expiratory pressure.

1经肺动脉漂浮导管CVP腔注射肾上腺素、多巴酚丁胺、多巴胺、异搏定改变动物心肌收缩力，观察注射药物前、注射药物后CORB和COTD的相关性；(2)设置5组不同的机械通气参数：①容量控制通气，潮气量12ml/kg(VCV， VT 12ml/kg)；②容量控制通气，潮气量6ml/kg(VCV， VT 6ml/kg)；③压力控制通气，潮气量12ml/kg(PCV， VT 12ml/kg)；④压力控制通气，潮气量6ml/kg(PCV，VT 6ml/kg)；⑤容量控制通气，潮气量6ml/kg，高呼气末正压，PEEP为12~15cmH2O。

Vitamin C can interrupt the process of melanin production could have been generated to prevent further oxidation of DOPA ammonia was reduced to dopa, and can reduce serum levels of copper oxide, affecting the activity of tyrosine plum, thereby interfering with the biosynthesis of melanin, if the want to make the skin and fair complexion, we might eat more foods rich in vitamin C such as tomatoes, oranges, lemons, hawthorn, citrus and so on.

维生素C能中断黑色素生成的过程本来是可以防止的多巴氨进一步氧化减少到多巴，并能降低血清铜氧化，影响酪氨酸梅的活性，从而与黑色素的生物合成，如果干扰是想使皮肤白皙，我们可能会吃更多的食物含有丰富的维生素C，如西红柿，橙子，柠檬，山楂，柑桔等。

Auto-immune type: also known as methyl-dopa-type, hemolytic disease can be medication from 3 months to 4 years later, on behalf of drug: a - methyl-dopa, levodopa, phenytoin, phenacetin, chlorpromazine, indomethacin, etc.

自身免疫型：又称甲基多巴型，溶血发病可在服药3个月至4年后，代表药物有：a--甲基多巴、左旋多巴、苯妥英钠、非那西丁、氯丙嗪、吲哚美辛等

The synthesis of the pentacyclic skeleton of Et-743 and the construction of the five chiral centers thereof.1. The core pentacyclic skeleton of phthalascidin was constructed with L-dopa as the starting material via thirteen steps. First, two basic synthons, the C-1 functionalized tetrahydroisoquinoline compounds 8 and N-protected Z-dopa derivative 9, were prepared from L-dopa. They were coupled via amide bond to form the dipeptide compounds 10, which were the first key intermediates. Then the primary hydroxyl groups were transformed into the corresponding amino aldehydes 11 via Swern oxidation. Followed by the intramolecular Pictet-Spengler cyclization, the pentacyclic compounds 12 were synthesized.

五环骨架的构建及五个正确手性中心的确立：1.1我们以L-多巴为起始原料，经过多步官能团保护和转化合成了基本结构单元8然后和苯丙氨酸衍生物9，通过缩合反应生成酰胺中间体10，经Swern氧化得到醛化合物11，然后再次利用分子内改良的Pictet-Spengler反应一步构建c，d两环，得到五环骨架化合物12，最后，实现了21-位羰基向氰基的转化，得到了C-1位官能化的化合物14，化合物14不但具有和Et-743一致的五环骨架，而且分子中五个手性中心立体构型也与其完全相同：其中，3，位和13，位的手性中心由原料L-多巴带入，而1，位，11，位和21，位手性中心则通过不对称诱导而确立。

The plasticity of NSCs was detected by the differentiating test. HESCs were induced into dopaminergic neurons by means of adding Sonic Hedgehog Peptide and fibroblast growth factor eight (FGF8) early under the condition of mocked microenvironment and different development stage of dopaminergic neurons in vivo ,meanwhile made comparison with traditional method . The marker of dopaminergic neurons was tested by immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR, the content of dopamine and its derivation homovanillic acid were measured by HPLC-ECD.

模拟体内多巴胺神经元分化发育的不同阶段及微环境，采用早期添加音猥因子及成纤维细胞生长因子-8(FGF8)的方法，诱导hESCs定向生成多巴胺能神经元，并与传统的诱导方法相比较，免疫荧光细胞化学和RT-PCR法检测多巴胺能神经元的标志，高效液相色谱法检测诱导后细胞及细胞培养上清液中多巴胺及其代谢产物高香草酸的含量。

Parkinson's disease is a kind of a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, which is caused primarily by selective degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The symptoms of PD include tremor, hypokinesia, and rigidity, caused by the depletion of dopamine in the striatum.

帕金森氏症是目前临床常见的神经退化疾病之一，目前对於帕金森氏症的药物治疗，主要是额外提供多巴胺或增加脑内多巴胺的停留时间，以减缓患者的症状，然而这些治疗方法皆无法减缓多巴胺神经细胞的持续性退化。

Treatment with dopamine and low dose bromocriptine resulted in cell death accompanied with the DNA laddering and activation of caspase-3 only in GH3D2L and GH3D2S cells, which were blunted by haloperidol, showing that dopamine-induced cell death in these cells is mediated by dopamine D2 receptors.

经多巴胺和低浓度溴隐亭处理后仅在GH3D2L和GH3D2S两种细胞中出现细胞死亡伴DNA阶梯状断裂和半胱天冬酶3（Caspase-3）的激活，而这些效应也被氟哌啶醇所抑制，说明多巴胺所致的细胞凋亡与多巴胺D2受体激活有关。

As for dopamine, it intercalates into the double helix of DNA in the concentration range of 5.00×10^(-5) to 9.00×10^(-4)mol/L. The binding constants of dopamine, adrenaline and dobuamine with DNA are determined as 1.55×10^3, 9.77×10^3 and 1.74×10^4L/mol, respectively, by electrochemical method.

对于多巴胺，在5.00×10^(-5)~9.00×l0^(-4)mol/L范围内，它与DNA之间主要为插人作用，同时，采用电化学方法测得多巴胺、肾上腺素和多巴酚丁胺与DNA之间的表观结合常数分别为1.55×10^3，9.77×l0^3和1.74×10^4L/mol。

Other research is looking at how disulfiram, an indirect dopamine agonist, might be useful to treat cocaine addiction. By inhibiting the enzyme dopamine beta-hydroxylase, which converts dopamine to norepinephrine, disulfiram reverses stimulant-induced dopamine deficiency, Dr. Kosten explained.

Kosten医师解释，其他研究针对disulfiram是如何作用的，这是一个间接多巴胺致效剂，可能可以有效地治疗成瘾；透过抑制多巴胺贝他水解酵素，这个酵素将多巴胺转换成正肾上腺素，disulfiram逆转刺激剂诱发的多巴胺缺乏。

Often patients are given prescriptions for levodopa, or L-dopa, which is converted into dopamine by enzymes in the brain.

医生经常给患者开左旋多巴的处方，左旋多巴在脑细胞中酶的作用可以转变为多巴胺。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。