多寄主的

Alternaria is a dematiaceous mitosporic fungus with a wide variety of habitats and geographical distribution.

链格孢是半知菌暗色丝孢菌中重要的一类真菌，该属真菌种类多，寄主范围和地理分布广泛。95%以上的种能兼性寄生在植物上，是重要的植物病原菌。

In the problem is being hanged to appear in the most popular at that time game commonly outside, for instance " heaven "," Stone Age " wait, chamber of commerce of average game operation is in learn for a short while this problem, but stem from afraid game number to be able to drop wait for an element, have rife good game chooses nonfeasance before outer fine dried noodles, hope to be able to grow through game oneself and be hanged outside player behavior resistance, must approbatory is, hanged indulge to all cause the death of the product finally external, as the cancer on healthy plant, do not do processing, can produce annihilative effect to host sooner or later.

外挂问题一般都出现在当时最热门的游戏中，比如《天堂》、《石器时代》等，一般游戏运营商会在第一时间获悉该问题，但出于担心游戏人数会不会下跌等因素，有非常多的好游戏在外挂面前选择不作为，希望能通过游戏自身成长和玩家行为反抗外挂，不得不承认的是，对外挂放任最终均导致了产品的死亡，如同健康植物上的毒瘤，不做处理，迟早会对寄主产生毁灭性影响。

Microgastrinae is one of the largest and most important subfamilies in Braconidae.It"s species component is very rich and It"s distribution covers all over the world, all the known species are parasitods of Lepidopteran pests which are the major insect pests in agriculture and forestry. Numerous of them have more value in bio-Logical controll.

小腹茧蜂亚科Microgastrinae是茧蜂科Braconidae内的一个最大和重要的类群，种类多，分布广，已知的寄主全都为鳞翅目害虫，其中有很多的种类有用于农业害虫的生物防治的价值。

Therefore, bean weight can be used to predict egg distribution, especially when the mean egg density is greater than one.

故我们认为用寄主大小来预测四纹豆象产卵分布情形是可行的，特别是要描述多卵豆的分布时，更为准确。

For the first time, this study conducted a series of field sampling in multiple locations over several years and demonstrated that the B and Q biotypes first invade areas with high frequency of transport through human movement of plant materials, and then rapidly spread into surrounding areas and displace indigenous genotypes, and in parallel with displacement significant changes in sex ratio occurred in the mixed populations. Crossing experiments demonstrated that in the B. tabaci species complex there are many genetic groups that are completely or nearly completely isolated in reproduction. Apart from behavioural mechanisms, difference in host plant suitability and insecticide susceptibility between whitefly biotypes may also play important roles in the displacement of indigenous whiteflies by alien whiteflies in Zhejiang.

本研究首次以一个地理区域内广泛系统的野外调查数据证实，B型和Q型烟粉虱首先通过花卉苗木调运入侵交通较为发达的地区，然后迅速向周边扩张并取代土著烟粉虱，同时入侵取代过程伴随着混合种群中性比的变化；杂交试验证明烟粉虱复合种内存在多个生殖上隔离或基本隔离的遗传群；B型烟粉虱在浙江省内迅速取代土著烟粉虱，除行为机制外，生物型之间寄主适应性和药剂敏感性等方面的差异也可能在此过程中起着重要作用。

HPLC was used to investigate whether spinosad applied to parasitized host larvae could reach parasitoid larvae developing inside the hosts.

应用高效液相色谱法检测施用于寄主幼虫的多杀菌素可否传递到在其体内发育的寄生蜂幼虫。

Tricholoma may be a paraphyletic genus two. The collections identified as T. caligatum is a mixture. Some parts of them from France are members of T. matsutake, the other parts from North America are closed to T. bakamatsutake and T. fulvocastaneum. Tricholoma robustum and T. focale form a clade which is obviously a sister group of the stirp Subannulate. The stirp Caligata was defined as a group mainly on the basis of the predominant veil. But from the result of molecular systematic analysis, the presence of veil is not a stable character in the matsutake group. Species having symbiosis with conifers and broad leaf tree are all transformed from those whose host specificity is not strict. The phylogenetic tree based on ITS sequences resembled the tree of NJ algorithm based on cladistic coding. In the phylogenetic tree based on morphylogical characters, T. zangii and T. bakamatsutake form a clade, but it is the result of convergent evolution as suggested by molecular analyses. The distribution area of the matsutake group can be divided into six regions: middle and northern Europe region, Mediterranean region, Hengduan Mount.— Southeastern Tibet region, Northeastern China—Japan—Far-east Russia region, the Atlantic—North America region and the Rocky Mountain region. The abundance center of the matsutake group are Hengduan Mount.—Southeastern Tibet region and the Rocky Mountain region. Hengduan Mount.

松口蘑群的分子系统学研究得出的结果有：由于粗壮口蘑和羽衣口蘑明显和亚环族(Tricholoma，section subannulate)的种类是来自同一个谱系，和其它松口蘑群的种不具有最近共同祖先，因此松口蘑群是一个多系群；松口蘑群和口蘑属其他种类的亲缘关系比和蜜环菌属更接近；梭柄松苞菇和松口蘑群的差距明显小于油黄口蘑(T.flavovirens)和棕灰口蘑；口蘑属是一个多系群；鉴定为欧洲口蘑的标本明显不是一个单系群，其中一部分是松口蘑，另一部分和黄褐口蘑及傻松口蘑(T.bakamatsutake)比较接近；划分松口蘑群的标准是菌环的存在，但从分子系统学的结果来看，菌环的存在与否并非是一个很稳定的性状；和针叶树专性共生及和阔叶树专性共生均由寄主专化性不强的种类转化而来；在形态学系统发育树上青冈口蘑和傻松口蘑被聚为一个分枝，分子系统学的研究结果表明，这是趋同进化的结果；用支序方法编码作出的NJ树的结果更接近ITS序列的结果。

It distributes mainly in the Mediteranean sea, tropic and subtropic zone of east hemisphere. This insect can cause considerable losses to many crops such as cotton, legume, pathyrhizus and vegetables.

本文主要研究SpltNPV的潜伏感染及其诱发，芋叶提取物质对斜纹夜蛾成虫的引诱作用以及建立一套消除寄主卵表核多角体病毒污染的方法以研究其垂直传播的途径。

Two sibling species Helicoverpa armigeraH(u|¨bner and H.assulta are serious crop pests in China.They have the similar morphological,biological and ecological characterstics,as well as they can even hybridize with each other.Their host plant ranges, however,are quite different.The former is a typical polyhpagous species,and its host plant range including at least more than 60 crop species such as cotton,corn,wheat,soybean, tobacco,and tomato,and 67 wild plant species from about 30 plant families including Malvaceae,Solanaceae,Gramineae,Leguminosae,etc.

可同域发生的棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigeraH(u丨¨bner和烟夜蛾H.assulta是铃夜蛾属两近缘种昆虫，二者具有相似的生物学和生态学习性，甚至杂交可育，但它们的寄主范围却截然不同，棉铃虫是多食性昆虫，烟夜蛾则是典型的寡食性昆虫。

The paper is to research physiological differentiation and DNA polymorphism of MLP. The main result is as follows: 1.Investigating the Poplar Resistance: the difference of sensitivity is prominent.Other poplars are infected by Melampsora larici-populina in different degree, except that Populus deltoids and Populus deltoides×P.

本论文主要是对来自西北，华北，东北和西南等省的多种落叶松—杨栅锈菌进行同工酶分析以及DNA多态性研究，得出如下结论：(1)寄主抗病性调查：杨树各派树种对落叶松杨栅锈菌的感病性差异明显，除美洲黑杨和中绥12号外，所有的杨树品种都不同程度地感染了落叶松杨栅锈菌。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。